493 research outputs found
Determining Pair Interactions from Structural Correlations
We examine metastable configurations of a two-dimensional system of
interacting particles on a quenched random potential landscape and ask how the
configurational pair correlation function is related to the particle
interactions and the statistical properties of the potential landscape.
Understanding this relation facilitates quantitative studies of magnetic flux
line interactions in type II superconductors, using structural information
available from Lorentz microscope images or Bitter decorations.
Previous work by some of us supported the conjecture that the relationship
between pair correlations and interactions in pinned flux line ensembles is
analogous to the corresponding relationship in the theory of simple liquids.
The present paper aims at a more thorough understanding of this relation. We
report the results of numerical simulations and present a theory for the low
density behavior of the pair correlation function which agrees well with our
simulations and captures features observed in experiments. In particular, we
find that the resulting description goes beyond the conjectured classical
liquid type relation and we remark on the differences.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures. See also http://rainbow.uchicago.edu/~grier
Hepatitis B testing and treatment in HIV patients in The Gambia - compliance with international guidelines and clinical outcomes
Background Compliance with WHO guidelines on HBV screening and treatment in HIV-coinfected patients is often challenging in resource limited countries and has been poorly assessed in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Between 2015 and 2016, we assessed physicianâs compliance with WHO guidelines on HIV-HBV coinfection in the largest HIV clinic in The Gambia, and the hepatic outcomes in HIV-HBV coinfected patients as compared to randomly selected HIV-monoinfected controls. Results 870 HIV-infected patients regularly seen in this clinic agreed to participate in our study. Only 187 (21.5%, 95% CI 18.8â24.3) had previously been screened for HBsAg, 23 (12.3%, 95% CI 8.0â17.9) were positive of whom none had liver assessment and only 6 (26.1%) had received Tenofovir. Our HBV testing intervention was accepted by all participants and found 94/870 (10.8%, 95% CI 8.8â13.1) positive, 78 of whom underwent full liver assessment along with 40 HBsAg-negative controls. At the time of liver assessment, 61/78 (78.2%) HIV-HBV coinfected patients received ART with 7 (11.5%) on Tenofovir and 54 (88.5%) on Lamivudine alone. HIV-HBV coinfected patients had higher APRI score compared to controls (0.58 vs 0.42, p = 0.002). HBV DNA was detectable in 52/53 (98.1%) coinfected patients with 14/53 (26.4%) having HBV DNA >20,000 IU/L. 10/12 (83.3%) had at least one detectable 3TC-associated HBV resistance, which tended to be associated with increase in liver fibrosis after adjusting for age and sex (p = 0.05). Conclusions Compliance with HBV testing and treatment guidelines is poor in this Gambian HIV programme putting coinfected patients at risk of liver complications. However, the excellent uptake of HBV screening and linkage to care in our study suggests feasible improvements
Enseignements d'une campagne expérimentale de vaccination contre la rougeole en milieu urbain
Fortification des farines tropicales par lâintroduction de proteines vegetales et de champignons comestibles
La fortification des aliments de base des populations constitue un moyen efficace pour contribuer Ă la lutte contre lâinsĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire. Le prĂ©sent travail a consistĂ© Ă incorporer les champignons comestibles, Pleurotus florida et la pĂąte de niĂ©bĂ© dans la farine de mil. Pour y parvenir, les champignons sont produits sur des substrats Ă base de son de riz et de paille dâarachide. La mĂ©thode dâincorporation utilisĂ©e pour assurer le mĂ©lange est la cuisson-extrusion du type mono vis. Les farines obtenues avec ou sans ajout des champignons sont caractĂ©risĂ©es sur le plan nutritionnel. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont montrĂ© que les teneurs en protĂ©ines des farines varient de 13,27 % Ă 18,48 %, celles en minĂ©raux de 4,68 % Ă 8,98 %, le fer de 92,28 % Ă 101,89 %, le magnĂ©sium de 3,10 % Ă 3,32 %, le zinc et la matiĂšre grasse de 10,75 % Ă 11,90 %. Au vu des rĂ©sultats obtenus, la meilleure farine serait la farine composĂ©e qui prĂ©sente une teneur en protĂ©ines comprise entre 15 et 22,6 %, valeur recommandĂ©e par le Codex Alimentarius pour ce type de complĂ©ment alimentaire destinĂ© aux enfants. Dans ce mĂ©lange, aprĂšs extrusion, tous les minĂ©raux ont augmentĂ© de 5,76 mg/100g pour le fer, 101,89 mg/100g pour le magnĂ©sium, et de 3,32 mg/100g pour le zinc. ParallĂšlement, le taux de matiĂšre grasse est de 11,90 %, infĂ©rieur Ă la valeur normale (15,5 %) fixĂ©e par le Codex Alimentarius.Mots clĂ©s : Champignons comestibles, farine fortifiĂ©s, farine de mil, niĂ©b
Orbital dichotomy of Fermi liquid properties in SrRuO revealed by Raman spectroscopy
We report a polarization-resolved Raman spectroscopy study of the orbital
dependence of the quasiparticles properties in the prototypical multi-band
Fermi liquid Sr\textsubscript{2}RuO\textsubscript{4}. We show that the
quasiparticle scattering rate displays dependence as expected for
a Fermi liquid. Besides, we observe a clear polarization-dependence in the
energy and temperature dependence of the quasiparticle scattering rate and
mass, with the orbital derived quasiparticles showing significantly
more robust Fermi liquid properties than the orbital derived ones. The
observed orbital dichotomy of the quasiparticles is consistent with the picture
of Sr\textsubscript{2}RuO\textsubscript{4} as a Hund's metal. Our study
establishes Raman scattering as a powerful probe of Fermi liquid properties in
correlated metals.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary Materials available at publisher
sit
UrĂštrocĂšle post-traumatique chez lâhomme: A propos de 2 cas
RĂ©sumĂ©Affection rare chez lâhomme, le diverticule urĂ©tral est souvent dâorigine acquise. Nous rapportons deux cas dâurĂštrocĂšle post-traumatique chez des sujets jeunes qui ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©s avec succĂšs par chirurgie ouverte et nous en discutons les aspects cliniques para cliniques et thĂ©rapeutiques.AbstractUrethral diverticulum is unusual in male where it is often acquired. We report two cases of post-traumatic urethrocele in young male managed successfully by open surgery. We describe herein, the clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic features
Cancer du testicule: particularités cliniques et limites thérapeutiques en milieu hospitalier urologique au Sénégal
RĂ©sumĂ©ButEtudier les particularitĂ©s cliniques et les limites thĂ©rapeutiques de la prise en charge du cancer du testicule au SĂ©nĂ©gal.Patients et mĂ©thodesCette Ă©tude, rĂ©trospective, Ă©tait menĂ©e sur une pĂ©riode de 15 ans de Janvier 1997 Ă Janvier 2012. Vingt-deux dossiers Ă©taient colligĂ©s mais 17 Ă©taient exploitables.RĂ©sultatslâincidence annuelle moyenne Ă©tait de 1,13 cas par an. LâĂąge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 27 ans ± 9,5. La tranche dâĂąge la plus concernĂ©e Ă©tait celle de 21 Ă 40 ans. Les circonstances de dĂ©couverte Ă©taient dominĂ©es par la grosse bourse (10 cas) et en cas de vacuitĂ© scrotale, la masse abdominale ou pelvienne (7 cas). Lâorchidectomie a Ă©tĂ© le principal geste thĂ©rapeutique. Elle a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e par voie inguinale haute (8 patients) et par voie trans-pĂ©ritonĂ©ale (7 patients). Sur le plan histologique, nous avions notĂ© une prĂ©dominance des tumeurs germinales non sĂ©minomateuses avec 10 cas de carcinome embryonnaire dont un cas de type infantile. En post opĂ©ratoire, 7 cas de progression avaient Ă©tĂ© notĂ©s dans le suivi: 3 cas de carcinose pĂ©ritonĂ©ale, 3 cas dâenvahissement locorĂ©gionale avec des adĂ©nopathies rĂ©tropĂ©ritonĂ©ale et 1 cas de mĂ©tastase pulmonaire. Avec un recul moyen de 6 mois, 9 patients Ă©taient dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s, 4 Ă©taient perdus de vue et les 4 autres Ă©taient vivants.ConclusionLe cancer du testicule reste rare au SĂ©nĂ©gal et concerne des sujets jeunes. Le diagnostic est encore posĂ© Ă des stades trĂšs Ă©voluĂ©s avec une lourde mortalitĂ©.AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features and limitations of therapeutic management of testicular cancer in Senegal.Patients and methodsThis is a retrospective study over 15 years period between January 1997 and January 2012. Twenty-two cases were collected but only 17 had complete data for analysis.ResultsThe average annual incidence was 1.13 cases per year, with a mean age of 27±9.5 years. The most affected age group was between 21 and 40 years.Clinical diagnosis was suspected by the presence of a scrotal swelling in10 cases and by empty scrotum associated with abdominal or pelvic mass in the remaining 7 cases. Orchiectomy was the main treatment option, done either by high inguinal approach in 8 patients or by trans- peritoneal route in other 7 patients. Histologically, a predominance of embryonic non seminomatous germ cell carcinoma was noted in 10 cases including infantile type in one case. Seven cases developed disease progression:3 cases of peritoneal carcinmatosis, 3 other cases of locoregional invasion with retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and one case of pulmonary metastasis. At a mean follow up of six months, nine patients died, four were lost to follow up while the remaining four cases were still alive.ConclusionTesticular cancer is a rare tumor in Senegal and usually involves young people. Clinical diagnosis is always done at very advanced stage with a very high mortality rate
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy and Applications
Contains reports on two research projects.National Science Foundation (Grant DMR-84- 18718)Wan-Yuan Company, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China Contrac
- âŠ