Effect of different surface treatments and multimode adhesive application on the Weibull characteristics, wettability, surface topography and adhesion to CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic

This paper aims to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on surface topography, wettability, and shear bond strength of resin cement to glass ceramic. Methodology: For SBS test, 32 blocks (7x7x2 mm) of lithium disilicate were obtained and randomly divided into eight groups (four blocks per group) according to each surface treatment (HF 20 s, 60 s, 120 s + silanization/S or Scotch Bond Universal/ SBU) and the Monobond Etch & Prime - MEP application followed or not by SBU. On each treated surface ceramic block, up to four dual-curing resin cement cylinders were prepared and light-cured for 40s (N=120/n=15). The specimens were thermocycled (10,000 cycles, 5-55°C, 30 s) and the SBS test (50KgF, 0.5 mm/min) was performed. Furthermore, failure analysis, wettability, AFM, and SEM were carried out. SBS data (MPa) were analyzed using Student's t-test, two-way ANOVA, Tukey's test (5%) and Weibull's analysis. Results: For HF experimental groups, two-way ANOVA presented the factors “etching time” and “bonding agent” as significant (p<0.05). After silane application, the HF groups presented similar bond strength. SBU application compromised the SBS, except for 120s etching time (HF120sS: 23.39ᵃ±6.48 MPa; HF120sSBU: 18.76ᵃ±8.81MPa). For MEP groups, SBU application did not significantly affect the results (p=0.41). The MEP group presented the highest Weibull modulus (4.08A) and they were statistically different exclusively from the HF20sSBU (0.58B). Conclusion: The HF 20s, 60s, 120 s followed by silane, promoted similar resin-bond strength to ceramic and the SBU application after HF or MEP did not increase the SBS

Avaliação de dois métodos de registro da relação central em desdentados totais

Objective: to compare, in the horizontal plane, the mandibular positions determined by two methods for registering the centric relation(CR): inclination of the head backward (IHB) and unstrained hinging movement (UHM), in edentulous patients. The mull hypothesis was that there is not difference between the two methods. Material and Methods: Twenty edentulous subjects were selecred for this study (n = 20). All patients were manipulated to CR position using the methods IHB and UHM. The CR measure of each method was registered in one extraoral devide, which was fixed as the maxillary and mandibular record bases. For each patient, the two CR positions were registered in the same extraoral devide. To measure the anteroposterior and lateral linear variations between the points registered for each technique, it was used a profile projector (Model 6C, Nikon/USA). The data (um) were statiscally analyzed using the Tukey test (p,0.05) and Pearson correlation test. Results: The difference between CR position obtained by the methods in anteroposterior position differed statically from zero (p = 0.001) and that there was no significant difference (p = 0.479) when compared the Cr positions with the medium line: UHM (0,56+_0,35um) and IHB (0,65+0.52um). It wasn´t observed Pearson linear correlation between the anteroposterior and lateral linear measures of the methods (r = 0.26; p = 0.268.0.05). Conclusion: It can be conclude that the method UHM presented a higher mandibular retrusion that the method IHBObjetivo: Comparar, no plano horizontal, as posições mandibulares determinadas por dois métodos de registro para determinação da posição de relação central (RC): inclinação da cabeça para trás (IC) os métodos guiado não forçado (GNF), em pacientes edêntulos. A hipótese nula é de que não haverá diferença entre os dois métodos. Material e Método: 20 pacientes desdentados totais foram selecionados para este estudo (n=20). Todos pacientes foram manipulados para posição de RC utilizando os métodos IC e GNF. A mensuração da posição de RC determinada por cada método foi registrada em um dispositivo extra-oral, cujas componentes foram fixados nos planos de orientação maxilar e mandibular. Para cada paciente, as duas posições de RC foram registradas no mesmo dispositivo extra-oral. Para mensurar as variações ântero-posteriores e laterais entre os pontos registrados por cada técnica, foi utilizado um projetor de perfil (Modelo 6C, Nikon/USA). Os dados (mm) foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando o teste T (pResultados: A diferença entre a posição de RC obtida pelos métodos na posição ântero-posterior diferiu estatisticamente de zero (p=0.001) e que não houve diferença significante (p=0,479) quando comparada as posições de RC em relação à linha média: UHM (0,56±0,35mm) e IHB (0,65±0,52mm). Não foi observada correlação linear de Pearson entre as medidas lineares antero-posteriores e laterais dos métodos estudados (r=0,26; p=0,2680,05). Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que método GNF gerou uma retrusão mandibular maior que o método IC

Effect of glazing application side and mechanical cycling on the biaxial flexural strength and Weibull characteristics of a Y-TZP ceramic

Glaze application on monolithic zirconia (Y-TZP) can be a practical approach to improve the mechanical properties of this material. Objective: Our study evaluated the effect of glazing side and mechanical cycling on the biaxial flexure strength (BFS) of a Y-TZP. Methodology: Eighty sintered Y-TZP discs (Ø:12 mm; thickness: 1.2 mm - ISO 6872) were produced and randomly assigned into eight groups (n=10), according to the factors “glazing side” (control – no glazing; GT – glaze on tensile side; GC – glaze on compression side; GTC – glaze on both sides) and “mechanical aging” (non-aged and aged, A – mechanical cycling: 1.2×106, 84 N, 3 Hz, under water at 37°C). Specimens were subjected to BFS test (1 mm/min; 1,000 Kgf load cell) and fractured surfaces were analyzed by stereomicroscopy and SEM. Hsueh’s rigorous solutions were used to estimate the stress at failure of glazed specimens. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test (5%), and Weibull analysis were performed. Results: The “glazing side”, “mechanical aging” and the interaction of the factors were significant (p<0.05). Groups GC (1157.9±146.9 MPa), GT (1156.1±195.3 MPa), GTC (986.0±187.4 MPa) and GTC-A (1131.9±128.9 MPa) presented higher BFS than control groups (Tukey, 5%). Hsueh’s rigorous solutions showed that the maximum tensile stress was presented in the bottom of zirconia layer, at the zirconia/glaze interface. Weibull characteristic strength (σo) of the GC was higher than all groups (p<0.05), except to GT, GTC-A and GTC, which were similar among them. The fractography showed initiation of failures from zirconia the tensile side regardless of the side of glaze application and fatigue. Conclusion: Glazing zirconia applied on both tensile and compression sides improves the flexural strength of Y-TZP, regardless the mechanical aging

Influência de diferentes protocolos de jateamento na resistência à flexão e na estabilidade estrutural de uma cerâmica policristalina de zircônia tetragonal parcialmente estabilizada com ítria

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de diferentes protocolos de jateamento na resistência à flexão biaxial e na estabilidade estrutural de uma cerâmica de Y-TZP. Para tanto, duzentos e dezesseis discos sinterizados de Y-TZP (Lava, 3M ESPE) (ISO 6872, diâmetro: 15 mm, espessura: 2 mm) foram confeccionados pelo fabricante. Para o ensaio de resistência à flexão, 180 discos (n=10) foram divididos entre 18 grupos de acordo com os fatores “tipo de partícula (Al2O3- 50 e 110μm; SiO2- 30 e 110 μm)”, “pressão (2,5 e 3,5 bar)” e “ciclagem mecânica (CM) (com e sem)”. O jateamento foi realizado a uma distância de 10 mm e com duração de 20 s: Gr1- Controle – (sem tratamento de superfície); Gr2- Al2O3 50 μm/2,5 bar; Gr3- Al2O3 50 μm/3,5 bar; Gr4- Al2O3 110 μm/2,5 bar; Gr5- Al2O3 110 μm/3,5 bar; Gr6- SiO2 30 μm/2,5 bar; Gr7- SiO2 30 μm/3,5 bar; Gr8- SiO2 110 μm/2,5 bar; Gr9- SiO2 110 μm /3,5 bar. Os grupos Gr10 a Gr18 são respectivamente os grupos anteriores submetidos à CM (100.000 ciclos, 50 N, 4 Hz, água 370C. Em seguida todas as amostras foram submetidas ao ensaio de resistência à flexão biaxial (ISO 6872) em máquina de ensaio universal (EMIC, 1 mm/min). Após ensaio de flexão, os dados obtidos (MPa) foram submetidos ao teste de Dunnett (5%) e à Análise de Variância (3 fatores). Para determinar a quantidade e profundidade de possíveis transformações de fase da zircônia (t→m) induzida pelo jateamento e/ou pela ciclagem mecânica, foi realizada a análise de difração de Raios-X em vinte amostras (n=2) dos grupos Gr1 ao Gr9 e Gr18, antes e após tratamento térmico (ciclo de queima da VM9/Vita). Os resultados demonstraram que todos os protocolos de jateamento promoveram um aumento significativo da resistência à flexão da cerâmica de Y-TZP em relação...This study evaluated the effect of different air-particle-abrasion protocols on the biaxial flexural strength and on the structural stability of Y-TZP ceramic. Disc shaped (ISO 6872, Ø: 15 mm, thick: 2 mm) sintered zirconia specimens (N=216) were obtained from the manufacturer (Lava, 3M ESPE). To the flexure test 180 discs (n=10) were divided among the groups according to the factors “particle (Al2O3 50 and 110μm; SiO2 30 and 110 μm)”, “pressure (2.5 and 3.5 bar)” and “mechanical cycling (MC)(with and without)”. The air-particle-abrasion protocols were performed with 10 mm of distance and duration of 20 s: Gr1- Control – (without air-particle-abrasion); Gr2- Al2O3 50 μm/2,5 bar; Gr3- Al2O3 50 μm/3,5 bar; Gr4- Al2O3 110 μm/2,5 bar; Gr5- Al2O3 110 μm/3,5 bar; Gr6- SiO2 30 μm/2,5 bar; Gr7- SiO2 30 μm/3,5 bar; Gr8- SiO2 110 μm/2,5 bar; Gr9- SiO2 110 μm /3,5 bar. The groups Gr10 to Gr18 are those groups before submitted to MC, respectively (100.000 cycles; 50 N, 4 Hz, water 370C). After, all specimens were tested for biaxial flexural strength (ISO 6872) in a universal testing machine (EMIC). After, all specimens were tested for biaxial flexural strength (ISO 6872) in a universal testing machine (EMIC). The data were submitted to statistical tests ANOVA and Dunnett (5%). To determine the percentage and deep of possible zirconia transformations (te mo) after the air-particle-abrasion protocols and/or MC, the X-Ray diffraction was performed on 20 samples (n=2) from the groups Gr1 to Gr9 and Gr18, before and after thermal treatment (VM9/Vita firing cycle). The results showed that all air-particle-abrasion protocols increased significantly the flexure strength of the Y-TZP ceramic compared to the negative Control... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Avaliação das discrepâncias marginal vertical e interna de coroas totais cerâmicas confeccionadas por um sistema CAD/CAM, variando o término cervical

Este estudo avaliou a discrepância marginal (DM) e interna (DI) de coroas totais cerâmicas fabricadas pelo sistema CAD/CAM Cerec inLab, frente a três diferentes términos cervicais. A hipótese nula foi que o tipo de término não influencia a DM e DI das coroas. A partir de três troquéis metálicos com distintos términos cervicais, foram fresadas trinta coroas cerâmicas (ProCad/Ivoclar Vivadent) (n=10): CI) chanfro inclinado; CL) chanfro largo e O) ombro arredondado. Para análise da DM, mensurou-se, em 50 pontos, a distância entre a margem externa de cada coroa à margem do término cervical do respectivo troquel metálico. Utilizando a técnica da réplica, avaliou-se a DI de cada coroa em 12 pontos igualmente distribuídos por regiões: término (T), axial (A) e oclusal (Ocl). As mensurações foram realizadas em microscópio óptico (250x). Os dados obtidos ('mü'm) foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos ANOVA e de Tukey (5%). Os resultados demonstraram que grupo O (28,24'mais ou menos'11,42'mü'm) gerou valores de DM significativamente inferiores (p=0,001) aos dos grupos CI (99,92'mais ou menos'18,32'mü'm) e CL (64,71'mais ou menos'25,64'mü'm), os quais diferiram estatisticamente entre si. A análise da DI demonstrou que o grupo CL (183,01'mais ou menos'62,82'müm) apresentou valores inferiores (p=0,0014) aos demais grupos: CI (216,26'mais ou menos'83,23 'mü'm) e O (219,12'mais ou menos'87,24'mü'm), os quais foram semelhantes entre si. Observou-se também que a DI variou entre as regiões mensuradas (p=0,0001). A hipótese nula foi rejeitada. Baseado nos resultados pôde-se concluir que, apesar das diferenças estatísticas observadas entre os grupos, os três términos cervicais geraram coroas com valores de DM e DI aceitáveis clinicamente.This study evaluated the marginal discrepancy (MD) and internal (ID) of ceramic crowns manufactured by the CAD/CAM system Cerec inLab, varying the finish line. The null hypothesis was that the preparations won't influence the MD and ID of the crowns. From three metallic dies with different finish lines, thirty ceramic crowns (ProCad/Ivoclar Vivadent) were machined (n=10): TC) tilted chamfer; LC) large chamfer and RS) rounded shoulder. For MD analysis, were measured, in 50 points, the distance between each crown extern edge to the edge of the cervical preparation on the respective metallic die. Using the replica technique, it was evaluated the ID of each crown at 12 points equally distributed between the regions: end (E), axial (A) and oclusal (Ocl). The mensurations were done in optical microscope (250x). The data obtained ('mü'm) were submitted to the statistical tests ANOVA and Tukey (5 %). The results demonstrated that the group RS (28,24 'mais ou menos'11,42'mü'm) produced MD values smaller (p=0,001) than the groups TC (99,92'mais ou menos'18,32'mü'm) and LC (64,71'mais ou menos'25,64 'mu'm), which, between them, differed statistically. The analysis of ID demonstrated that the group LC (183,01'mais ou menos'62,82 'mü'm) presented values lower (p=0,0014) than TC (216,26'mais ou menos'83,23'mü'm) and RS (219,12'mais ou menos'87,24 'mü'm), which were similar between them. It was also noticed that ID varied between the measured regions (p=0.0001). The null hypothesis was rejected. It was concluded that, in spite of the statistical differences observed between the groups, the three cervical finish lines produced crowns with MD and ID values clinically acceptance.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Effect of aging type and aged unit on the repair strength of resin composite to feldspathic porcelain in testing microtensile bond strength

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:26:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-01-01The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of aging type (thermocycling vs. water storage) and aged unit (block vs. stick) on the repair strength of resin composite to feldspathic porcelain in testing microtensile bond strength (TBS). Ceramic specimens (N = 30) (10 × 5.7 × 4.5 mm3, Vita Mark II, Vita) were obtained from CAD-CAM blocks. One surface was etched with 10% HF and silanized. An adhesive was applied and resin composite blocks were constructed incrementally on the conditioned surface. The specimens were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6): Control (C): Non-aged; BTC: Blocks were thermocycled (5-55 °C, 6000 cycles); STC: Sticks were thermocycled; BS: Blocks aged in water storage (6 months) after themocycling; SS: Blocks aged in water storage (6 months) after thermocycling. After TBS test, failure types were classified. Data (MPa) were statistically analyzed (1-way and Dunett and 2-way ANOVA, Tukey's) (α = 0.05). Two-parameter Weibull distribution values including the Weibull modulus, scale (m), and shape (0) values were calculated. Aging type (p = 0.009) and aged unit (p = 0.000) significantly affected the results. Interaction terms were also significant (p = 0.000). Considering the stick level, there was no significant difference between thermocycling (STC: 25.7 ± 2.3) and water storage (SS: 25.3 ± 3.8) (p > 0.05) but the results were significantly higher when blocks were thermocycled (BTC: 31.6 ± 2.9) (p < 0.05). Weibull modulus and characteristic strength was the highest in BTC (m = 4.2; σo: 34.4) among all other groups (m = 3-3.9; σo: 14.6-28.5). Adhesive failures were common and cohesive failures occurred in less than 5% in all groups. Aging protocol was detrimental on durability of repair strength of resin composite to feldspathic porcelain. Exposing the sticks to either thermocycling or water storage aging should be considered in in vitro studies.Post-graduation Program in Dentistry Dental School University of Passo FundoDepartment of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Institute of Science and Technology Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)Department of Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte/UFRNClinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science Center for Dental and Oral Medicine Dental Materials Unit University of ZurichDepartment of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Institute of Science and Technology Sao Paulo State University (UNESP

Interfacial Properties and Bottom/Top Hardness Ratio Produced by Bulk Fill Composites in Dentin Cavities

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength, bottom/top hardness ratio, marginal adaptation, and interfacial nanoleakage of regular viscosity bulk fill composites (RVBFC) and regular viscosity traditional composites (RVTC). Two RVBFC (Filtek Bulk Fill and Aura Bulk Fill) and two RVTC (Filtek Z250XT and Aura) were assessed. Forty conical cavities (4.8×2.8×4.0) were prepared in bovine dentin and restored with composites (n=10). After 24h in water, marginal adaptation was evaluated by staining with a caries detector. The top and bottom surfaces of the conical restorations were stained for five seconds and the gap percentage in the composite/dentin interface was determined using digital images on a measurement program (ImageTool). The Vickers microhardness was measured and the bottom/top microhardness ratio (B/T) was determined. Push-out bond strength test was performed in a universal testing machine (0.5mm/min) and failure modes were evaluated in a stereomicroscope (20×). Other specimens (n=3) were produced for interfacial nanoleakage evaluation. Data were analyzed using one and two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). The gap percentage was higher in the bottom compared to the top. The B/T ratio of the Aura Bulk Fill was statistically lower than other composites. Push-out bond strength were similar among composites. The RVBFC presented lower nanoleakage than the RVTC in the bottom of the conical restoration and there was no difference among the materials in the top surfaces. In conclusion, Filtek Bulk Fill performed better than Aura Bulk Fill regarding the analyzed properties

Bond and topography evaluation of a Y-TZP ceramic with a superficial low-fusing porcelain glass layer after different hydrofluoric acid etching protocols

Abstract Introduction Despite being one of the most studied ceramics today, zirconia still does not have a well-defined adhesion protocol. Objective Evaluate the influence of different etching times and hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentrations on the zirconia surface and bond strength between a vitrified Y-TZP ceramic and a resin cement. Materials and method The zirconia surface treatments were: sandblasting with silica-coated alumina (Co); glaze application + 5% HF etching for 5s (G5-5s), 10s (G5-10s) or 20s (G5-20s); glaze application + 10% HF etching for 5s (G10-5s), 10 (G10-10s) or 20s (G10-20s) . Then, cement cylinders (3.3 × 3.3 mm) were built up for shear bond test on all specimens. The specimens were subjected to 6000 thermal cycling before the test. Fractures were analyzed by stereomicroscope. Data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn statistical tests (5%). Extra samples of each group were made to obtain profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Result Zirconia-cement bond strength was affected by the ceramic surface treatments (p = 0.001). G10-5s (2.71 MPa) recorded the highest bond strength values, followed by the Co (2.05 MPa) while G5 groups had the lowest bond value. Adhesive failure of the samples predominated. The image analysis revealed G5 groups seem to have a lower roughness when compared to groups treated by 10% HF. The creation of pores in the low-fusing porcelain glass layer surface occurred only when 10% HF was used. Conclusion The low-fusing porcelain glass layer application was able to overcome the sandblasting and obtain a greater adhesive bond to the resinous cement, however, only when 10% HF was used for an interval of 5 seconds