Historic emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in Mato Grosso, Brazil: 1) source data uncertainties

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Historic carbon emissions are an important foundation for proposed efforts to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation and enhance forest carbon stocks through conservation and sustainable forest management (REDD+). The level of uncertainty in historic carbon emissions estimates is also critical for REDD+, since high uncertainties could limit climate benefits from credited mitigation actions. Here, we analyzed source data uncertainties based on the range of available deforestation, forest degradation, and forest carbon stock estimates for the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso during 1990-2008.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Deforestation estimates showed good agreement for multi-year periods of increasing and decreasing deforestation during the study period. However, annual deforestation rates differed by > 20% in more than half of the years between 1997-2008, even for products based on similar input data. Tier 2 estimates of average forest carbon stocks varied between 99-192 Mg C ha^-1, with greatest differences in northwest Mato Grosso. Carbon stocks in deforested areas increased over the study period, yet this increasing trend in deforested biomass was smaller than the difference among carbon stock datasets for these areas.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Estimates of source data uncertainties are essential for REDD+. Patterns of spatial and temporal disagreement among available data products provide a roadmap for future efforts to reduce source data uncertainties for estimates of historic forest carbon emissions. Specifically, regions with large discrepancies in available estimates of both deforestation and forest carbon stocks are priority areas for evaluating and improving existing estimates. Full carbon accounting for REDD+ will also require filling data gaps, including forest degradation and secondary forest, with annual data on all forest transitions.</p

Text and Interaction: A Performance Analysis Written in Present Evaluations of Pedagogy Students in the Distance Mode

This study aims to verify the use and mastery of linguistic knowledge in the writing process of Pedagogy students, in the form of Distance Education. The methodology was based on an exploratory analysis of texts produced in the face-to-face assessments that occurred in the first half of 2017. In the analysis of the answers, a descriptive graph of the errors and inadequacies observed was presented. The results show the commitment of writing to the meaning of the text, since this is a result of it. With this study, it was noticed that the university students have presented difficulties in expressing, in writing, their thoughts, their understandings and their opinions in an adequate and coherent way. Therefore, in order to minimize the anxiety experienced by these students at the time of writing, it is suggested that through the Instrumental Portuguese class, which part of the curriculum is, the linguistic aspects responsible for the production of meaning in texts and the interaction of the interlocutors. In order to meet the needs of undergraduate students, in the specific case of Pedagogy, since it concerns the training of teachers, professionals who will work in the literacy of children and young people and need to prioritize knowledge about language, reading and writing of these students

Expressions of the Individual’s behavior in Digital Network: Education in a Technological Society

The article assumes that the behavior of expressions of individuals is related to the digital network, in which forms of human relationships are being forged in order to understand differently the process of teaching and learning with autonomy that can generate a new way of thinking, creating values and representations. This may resize behaviors in individuals and affect the perception of the subject in relation to themselves and others. New technologies, consumption and media influence shape and build the contemporary psyche. Thus, it becomes essential to consider the force with which the new messaging serving media plays in order to socialize and in the individual subjectivity. In this context, new challenges for education that allow the birth of studies and concepts, in order to explain this new reality and to contribute to the art of teaching and learning. One of these, therefore, will be part of this work, which is called Informational Normosis or Informatosis

A Strategic Location Model of Stationary Production Units: A Case study in the Albacora Leste field

The imminent interest in issues related to the oil and gas sector has always proved to be a profitable source of investment and research, with incremental gains and innovations in the various sectors of the offshore industry. Particularly in the context of resource localization, the adoption of mathematical models presents itself as a challenging theme. In this context, the research has the purpose of proposing a localization model of Stationary Production Units (SPU) of an oilfield located in the Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). The computational tests were conducted using the Lingo software, based on data from the Albacora Leste field. The results of the proposed model demonstrated a reduction of approximately 12% in the configuration costs, compared to the current location

Proposal of a virtual collaborative news environment: an interdisciplinary study

The main objective of this work is to demonstrate the advances made by the CATI research group with regard to the proposal to create a virtual collaborative news environment (AVNC) , to be initially implemented at the Northern Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro State University(UENF) through the Postgraduate Program in Cognition and Language. This interdisciplinary environment involves concepts from the area of communication, administration and information technology and seeks to meet the demands of generation, storage, retrieval, processing and transmission of information in this digital age. The AVNC involves three research fronts: rethinking the logic of news production, structuring a platform that is collaborative and defining what a business and management model should be that can give sustainability to this environment. In today\u27s world, it is important to consider the reader\u27s increasingly active participation in journalism, through information and communication technologies, thanks to the social changes that come with them. In times of cyberspace and cyberculture, it is necessary to rethink the dynamics of journalistic production. For this, authors like Pierre Lévy, Lúcia Santaella, Henry Jenkins, Caio Túlio Costa, among others were searched. In an era in which forms of collaborative ownership prevail, the platform being considered in this research follows the 3C collaboration model, according to Michalsky, Mamani, and Gerosa. A global platform where individuals interact, communicate, collaborate and gather information requires a business model and management that assists in managing the collaborative virtual news environment. For this, we used authors such as Alex Osterwalder, Eric Flamholtz, Siqueira and Crispim, Campos, among others. With this, an increasingly intelligent and collaborative environment is expected, with the active participation of all the agents involved. That is, what is proposed is the total interaction of the Internet user-reader

Characterization of Soybean Cultivars for Biodiesel Production

Due to environmental issues involving the polluting gasesemission, Brazil has adopted the policy of using oil and biodiesel. For biodiesel production, the main raw material used in Brazil is soybean oil. The development of the numerous genotypes of this culture has always considered quantitative aspects. The objective was to qualitatively characterize 12 soybean cultivars for biodiesel production. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates. The cultivars were sown in December 2016, in no-tillage system, in Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil (-25.093056, -50.063327 UTM). The analyzed variables were: oil and protein contents, acidity index and specific mass. It was concluded that there were no significant differences among the cultivars for oil and protein contents. For the variables acidity index and specific mass, there were significant differences among the cultivars, being below the limits established by the Brazilian legislation for vegetable oil, but with potential for biodiesel production

Virtual Environment, Digital Hypertext, Reading and Writing in Foreign Language

This work intends to analyze - in an activity carried out with students from the third period of the Language (Spanish) undergraduate course of a college located in Itaperuna, a town in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - how the digital hyper textual reading can facilitate the selection of information in order to facilitate the writing process of texts in Spanish that can be broadcasted in the virtual environment, verifying how this may happen, so that these productions are shared, also allowing the interaction of the subjects with the language and with their peers. For this objective, we used the qualitative methodology (Erickson, 1986) with action research, seeking foundation in what theorists such as L&eacute;vy (1996, 1999), Coscarelli (2006, 2009), Gomes et al. (2015), Bannell et al. (2016), among others, investigate. As results, we emphasize that the subjects of the research actively participated in the construction of their own learning regarding the aspects covered in the foreign language class, and with this they were able to practice reading, writing, and the USAge of the vocabulary and grammar studied. Finally, we conclude that the hypertext worked here as an inclusive device, facilitator of reading and propitiator of writing, making the participant students authors of digital texts that provided them with learning throughout all the process they have been through

Motor function evaluation in merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy children

Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by early onset of hypotonia and weakness. Almost 50% of the cases are caused by primary deficiency of a protein named merosin (MD), and present a homogenous phenotype with a severe motor and respiratory involvement. Eleven children with clinical and histological diagnosis of CMD-MD, aged of 3 to 15 years, were studied using the manual muscle testing (Medical Research Council), goniometric analysis, motor ability and day life activities (Barthel index) scales, with the objective to characterize the main motor function limitations. The muscular groups most affected were cervical flexors, paravertebral and proximal portions of limbs. The muscular groups of upper limbs were as affected as the lower limbs, and the extensors were more affected than the flexors groups. All children had severe muscular retractions on the hip, knee and elbow. Other frequent deformities were scoliosis and equinus-varum feet. No children presented the motor ability to walk, stand up and crawl; and all of them were classified as dependents or semi-dependents in the day life activities scale. Our findings confirm the severe and diffuse involvement of skeletal muscle in CMD-MD patients, producing serious motor limitations and deformities.A distrofia muscular congênita (DMC) compõe um grupo de miopatias caracterizadas por hipotonia e fraqueza muscular notadas até o primeiro ano de vida. Em torno de 40% a 50% dos casos são decorrentes de deficiência primária da proteína merosina (DM), os quais apresentam um fenótipo mais homogêneo, com grave comprometimento motor e respiratório. Foram avaliadas neste estudo onze crianças com diagnóstico clínico e histológico de DMC-DM, com idade de 3 a 15 anos, através de exame de força muscular (Medical Research Council), análise goniométrica, avaliação das habilidades motoras e das atividades de vida diária (AVDs) (indicador de Barthel), com o objetivo de caracterizar as principais limitações funcionais motoras. Os grupos musculares mais comprometidos foram os flexores cervicais, paravertebrais e proximais dos membros. Os grupos musculares dos membros superiores estavam tão comprometidos quanto os dos membros inferiores, enquanto que os extensores encontravam-se mais comprometidos que os flexores. Todas as crianças apresentavam importantes retrações musculares nos quadris, joelhos e cotovelos. Outras deformidades freqüentes foram escoliose e pés eqüino-varo. Nenhuma criança possuía a habilidade motora necessária para engatinhar, ficar de pé ou andar; e todas foram classificadas como dependentes ou semidependentes para a maioria das AVDs estudadas. Nossos achados confirmam o envolvimento difuso e intenso da musculatura esquelética na DMC-DM, acarretando graves limitações funcionais motoras e deformidades músculo-esqueléticas.Associação de Assistência à Criança Deficiente Clínica de Doenças NeuromuscularesUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Phenotypic diversity of horse breeds used in sports activities, employing multivariate analysis

Aim of study: Sports involving horses have notable financial importance. Breeds are evaluated to find the best-suited ones for a specific sport category. Phenotypic diversity using biometric markers was evaluated for Quarter Horse (QH), Arabic (AR), English Thoroughbred (ET), and Brazilian Equestrian (BE) horse breeds.Area of study: Mato Grosso do Sul-Brazil.Material and methods: Lengths, widths, and circumference measures of 268 horses were collected. These measures were used to estimate conformation indexes. The size-free canonical discriminant analysis was used to remove the size effect on the animal's shape. The similarity among breeds (by sex) was evaluated employing multivariate analysis (canonical analysis, MANOVA, principal components, Euclidean distances, and grouping through complete linkage), considering all linear measures and conformation indexes (included in the analysis of principal components).Main results: Four canonical variables (CANs), each one representing an equation to interpret the morpho-functionality of breeds “sustentation”, “structure”, “frame”, and “equilibrium”, were retained. The breeds presented differences when the CANs were simultaneously considered. Differences mainly were the size and the thickness of the body as well as the ability of the animal to move. ET, QH, and BE demonstrate a well-defined biometric profile. These three breeds clustered separately from AR breed.Research highlights: Canonical variables allow to verify the functional aptitudes since the responses were close to conformation indices commonly used as horse skill estimators. The implementation of these variables as selection criteria in horse breeding programs require further studies in larger populations of horses for a confirmation of the present results

School Evasion in the Brazilian trends: analyzing the vectors that influence students’ decision to interrupt their formative process

Research data demonstrate that the analyzes built around School Evasion considers, primarily, the quantitative metrics of studentsrsquo; entry and exit and also the monetary losses, especially because it would be incoherent not to take as reference the goals and objectives outlined for education school system. However, analyzing the vectors that influence studentsrsquo; decision to interrupt their formative process, according to purely numerical criteria, would imply in ignoring the function of educational institutions and the real causes/reasons stemming from the social and relational demand of students' passage on educational institutions. For this reason, problematizing some of the recurring issues and incidents generated by certain investigations seems instigating and challenging. If in on the one hand, the attitude of understanding the conceptualization, the investigative tendencies and the characteristics of the studies give rise to certain criticisms that put in check the complexity of the object in question, on the other, it can stimulate the construction of other tendencies, new pathways, other possible ways of overcoming the gaps identified in the studies about School Evasion in Brazil