El papel de la enseñanza de matemáticas basada en problemas de acuerdo con el modelo de Kirkpatrick sobre el desempeño de resolución de problemas de los profesores de matemáticas

The process of evaluation is essentially the process of determining the realization of the educational goals in real terms through curriculum and education and represents the changes that occur in human behavior. Therefore, it is necessary that at the end of each training course (such as training classes, workshops, and training seminars), the teacher or evaluators, evaluate the implemented training program. In the curriculum approaches, learning the problem-solving ability is the ultimate goal of mathematics education. This skill requires empowering teachers with problem solving skills as one of the optimal ways to use capacities and to achieve educational goals. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to examine the problem-based mathematics teaching according to the Krikpatrick's model on problem-solving performance of mathematics teachers. The research design was of a pretest-posttest type with a control group. Using simple random sampling method, 100 male and female mathematics teachers, teaching mathematics at the middle school, were selected from Rabat Karim city, Tehran province. In pre-test and post-test of the traditional teaching and problem-solving based teaching in mathematics, data were collected through mathematical problem-solving performance test and Kirkpatrick's four-level questionnaire. Using SPSS software and R software, the results showed a significant difference between the scores of problem-solving performances between the two groups of control and experiment after the training, and through the equations, we showed that each level of the Kirkpatrick's model has a positive effect on the post-test scores of mathematics teachers.El proceso de evaluación es esencialmente el proceso de determinar la realización de los objetivos educativos en términos reales a través del currículo y la educación, y representa los cambios que ocurren en el comportamiento humano. Por lo tanto, es necesario que al final de cada curso de capacitación (como clases de capacitación, talleres y seminarios de capacitación), el maestro o evaluadores evalúen el programa de capacitación implementado. En los enfoques curriculares, aprender la capacidad de resolución de problemas es el objetivo final de la educación matemática. Esta habilidad requiere empoderar a los maestros con habilidades de resolución de problemas como una de las formas óptimas para usar las capacidades y alcanzar metas educativas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de este estudio fue examinar la enseñanza de las matemáticas basada en problemas de acuerdo con el modelo de Krikpatrick sobre el rendimiento en la resolución de problemas de los profesores de matemáticas. El diseño de la investigación fue de un tipo de prueba previa y posterior con un grupo de control. Usando un método de muestreo aleatorio simple, se seleccionaron 100 maestros de matemáticas masculinos y femeninos, que enseñan matemáticas en la escuela secundaria, de la ciudad de Rabat Karim, provincia de Teherán. En las pruebas previas y posteriores de la enseñanza tradicional basada en la enseñanza de la resolución de problemas en matemáticas, los datos se recopilaron mediante la prueba de rendimiento de la resolución de problemas matemáticos y el cuestionario de cuatro niveles de Kirkpatrick. Usando el software SPSS y el software R, los resultados mostraron una diferencia significativa entre los puntajes de desempeño de resolución de problemas entre los dos grupos de control y experimento después del entrenamiento, y a través de las ecuaciones, demostramos que cada nivel del modelo de Kirkpatrick tiene un efecto positivo en las puntuaciones posteriores a la prueba de los profesores de matemáticas

A 34-year-old Pregnant Woman with Chickenpox Re-infection

A 34-year-old pregnant woman was referred to our emergency ward, complaining of intensification of skin lesions which had started six days earlier. Initially, vesicular lesions had started from head and face accompanied by fever which turn to generalized pustular lesions expanded to the whole body within four days (figure 1). By investigating the patient's personal contact history, we found that same symptoms were detected in her 9-year-old child 19 days prior to admission which was diagnosed as chickenpox. The patient also had mentioned previous history of chicken pox infection at her age of seven. She was ill but not toxic and was conscious with a blood pressure of 98/59 mmHg, respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute, heart rate of 100 beats per minute and oral temperature of 37.2 °C in physical examination. She didn't have respiratory distress, dyspnea, meningism symptoms (Kernig Sign, Brudzinksi, and Nuchal Rigidity), ataxia or sensory defect and her all other physical examinations were normal. Upon diagnosis of chickenpox, intravenous (IV) acyclovir 750 mg three times a day and also IV clindamycin 900 mg TDS in combination with IV fluid were administered and finally the patient was admitted in Infectious diseases ward

The Diagnostic Value of Radius Bone in Forensic Identification Using Radiographic Images in Iranian Population

Background: Identification is an important and difficult part of forensic medicine. This study investigated the accuracy of using Maximum Length of Radius (MLR) and Maximum distal Width of Radius (MWR) measurements in radiographic images to determine sex in Iranian population. Moreover, the correlation between these parameters was evaluated. Methods: This study was carried out on radiographic images of 90 adults (45 men and 45 women) over 20 years old. The sample population was divided into three age groups of 20-34, 35-49, and ≥50 years old. Maximum length and width of radius were measured digitally and then analyzed. Results: The mean values of both measurements in men were more than those in women and radius length decreased with increasing age. The accuracy of these two measured parameters in determining sex was similar (83.3%). Moreover, the correlation values (r) between MLR and MWR were 0.49 (P<0.0001) in total studied population. Conclusion: Sex can be determined using MLR or MWR with relatively high accuracy. However, regarding the intermediate correlation between these values, it is not enough to estimate the corresponding MLR from MWR

Muscle stimulation timing while implementing Ura Mawashi Geri in Iranian elite women

Introduction: Karate is a martial art in which the technics are performed by kicks, punches (hand) and rotational movements. Ura MAWASHI GERI is a kind of kick which involves the core stability muscles of Lumbar – Pelvic areas, Quadriceps muscle (Lower extremity) and knee and lumbar – pelvic joints while being performed. The purpose of this research is to determine the muscle stimulation time pattern of Gluteus Medius (GM), External Oblique (EO) and Quadriceps muscles such as Vastus Medialis (VM), Vastus Lateralis (VL) at any phases of the implementation of the technique by the dominant leg. The muscular activities of VM, VL, EO and GM in 5 Iranian healthy elite Karatekas (in average age of (21/4) were recorded by the Electromyography device. The onset latency of the muscle activity and the Goniometric data (Knee Joint) were defined after processing the RMS of data and according to the Mean+4sd. After that, the average of the obtained records was used to determine the onset of each muscle separately at all phases of the implementation of the techniques. The results showed Glutesus Medius, at the phases of one, four, and five, and Vatus Medialis, at the phases of two and six, and the External Oblique at the third phase act earlier in comparison with other muscles

Information Security from a Scientometric Perspective

During recent years, Information societies are continually confronted with security threats and information vulnerabilities. Literature analysis of major disciplines is one of the key tools available to policymakers of research institutions and organizations. Scientometrics is the field of study which concerns itself with measuring and analyzing scientific literature. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the research trends of information security in the Middle-East and the world from a scientometric perspective. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used in this study. The Scopus citation database was used to collect the publication data, as the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Therefore, all documents related to "information security" were retrieved and analyzed. The results showed that the majority of scientific publications in the field of information security were produced in the United States of America and China. Among the Middle-Eastern countries, Iran ranked the first in terms of scientific publications in the field of information security while ranked 23th among the countries of the world. It is apparent that paying special attention to the field of information and data security in terms of international scientific collaborations, using knowledge and experiences of the leading, and supporting research and development in this field can improve the quality and quantity of scientific publications in this field. The expertise gathered during the process will prove invaluable and effective in confronting the security threats and vulnerabilities posed to information societies

Effect of COVID-19 on Mortality of Pregnant and Postpartum Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background. Based on what is known at this time, pregnant women are at an increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19 compared to nonpregnant women. Additionally, pregnant women with COVID-19 might have an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. To investigate the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on mortality of pregnant and postpartum women, we performed a systematic review of available published literature on pregnancies affected by COVID-19. Methods. Web of Science, SCOPUS, and MEDLINE- databases were searched for original studies concerning the effect of COVID-19 on mortality of pregnant and postpartum women published by July 10, 2020. Meta-analyses of proportions were used to combine data and report pooled proportions. Results. 117 studies with a total of 11758 pregnant women were included. The age ranged between 15 and 48 years. Most subjects were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the third trimester. Disease severity was not reported in 1125 subjects. Maternal mortality was 1.3%. In 100% of fatal cases with adequate data, fever alone or with cough was one of the presenting symptoms. Also, dyspnea (58.3%) and myalgia (50%) were the most common symptoms. Sore throat (8.3%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (anorexia, nausea) (8.3%) were rare. The rate of comorbidities was 20% among COVID-19 deaths. The majority of COVID-19-infected women who died had cesarean section (58.3%), 25% had a vaginal delivery, and 16.7% of patients were not full term. Conclusion. COVID-19 infection in pregnant women was associated with higher rates (and pooled proportions) of cesarean section and mortality. Because new data are continuously being generated and published, the findings of this study can be complete and updated with new researches. The results of this study can guide and improve prenatal counseling of COVID-19-infected pregnant women

Role of salicylic acid pretreatment in alleviating cadmium-induced toxicity in Salvia officinalis L.

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmentally polluting metal that has a negative effect on plant growth and yield. In this study, to understand the role of salicylic acid (SA) in alleviating cadmium toxicity in Sage (Salvia officinalis L.), the changes of biochemical and physiological indexes in Sage seedlings exposed to 0, 100, 200 or 300 ppm Cd with or without 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mM SA for 30 days was investigated. The results showed that Cd treatment reduced the growth, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars and activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes, while increased proline content, phenolic compounds, MDA and H2O2. However, SA pre-treatment improved the growth and increased content of photosynthetic pigments, proline, soluble sugars and phenolic compounds at all levels of cadmium. Furthermore, SA pretreatment increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase and peroxidase, and reduced MDA and H2O2, which reduced the cadmium-induced oxidative stress and, consequently, increased Sage tolerance to cadmium. According to our results, it seems SA might regulate the antioxidant defense activities, increase osmolyte and secondary metabolite compound in Cd-treated Sage, thereby improving growth and tolerance of Sage to Cd stress