Dosage d'aluminium par activation neutronique dans les aliments en vente au Canada

Elements de trace -- Eléements essentiels -- L'aluminium dans l'environnement -- L'aluminium et les technologies de transformation -- L'aluminum et la médecine -- L'aluminium dans les aliments -- Les méthodes d'analyses utilisées -- Partie théorique -- Analyse par activation -- La méthode simi-absolue -- Dosage d'aluminium -- La méthode utilisée -- Système de comptage -- Calcul de la surface du pic -- Limite de détection -- Calcul d'erreur -- Estimation de la consommation moyenne annuelle -- Partie expérimentale -- Méthode analytique -- Choix des aliments et échantillonnage -- Dosage d'aluminium -- Dosage d'autres éléments chimiques -- Validation de la méthode anlytique -- Concentration de l'aluminium dans les aliments -- Dosage d'autres éléments présents dans les aliments -- La consommation des aliments au Canada -- Consommation moyenne d'aluminium -- Consommation moyenne du chlore -- Consommation moyenne du calcium -- Consommation moyenne du magnésium -- Les groupes d'aliments analysés -- Evaluation de la concentration d'aluminium -- Evaluation de la concentration d'autres éléments -- La consommation des aliments au Canada -- Consommation moyenne d'autres éléments

Transvenous Lead Extraction of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Indications, Complications and Outcome: An Egyptian Two Years' Experience

BACKGROUND: The growing needs to extract cardiovascular implantable electronic devices warrants the need to improve the outcome and prevent complications. AIM: This study aims to analyse the findings and identify factors associated with complications of Percutaneous Transvenous Lead Extraction in the Critical Care Department, Cairo University. METHODS: We studied 52 candidates for Percutaneous Transvenous Lead extraction of a Permanent Pace Maker (PPM) regarding extraction indications, comorbidities, device type, complications and outcome. Extraction was first attempted by simple manual traction using regular non-locking stylet and if failed, locking stylet, and evolution dilator sheath were used. RESULTS: We extracted 110 leads with a mean lead age of 4.67 ± 3.6 years. The most common extraction indication was an infection (71.15%). Indications correlated significantly with comorbidities (p = 0.024), the most common being Diabetes Mellitus (40.38%). Simple traction was successful in 31 % of the leads, while 69% were extracted using locking stylet and evolution dilator sheath. The method of lead extraction correlated significantly with lead age (P ≤ 0.001). Complications were significantly higher with extraction by evolution dilator sheaths than by simple traction (P = 0.003) and in older patients (P = 0.008). Complications also correlated significantly with extractions indications (p = 0.012), type of PPM (P = 0.037), number of extracted leads (P = 0.041), and lead age (p= 0.011). CONCLUSION: Among the studied variables, extraction indications particularly infection, was the only preventable factor significantly associated with complications. While focusing on preventable factors, improving, implantation and extraction techniques should also be addressed

Peculiar flow fields in the zone of avoidance from the near-infrared Tully-Fisher relation

In this thesis, we investigate the flow field in and around the major large-scale structures in the southern Zone of Avoidance as derived from peculiar motions of galaxies. The peculiar velocities were derived from a galaxy sample based on the systematic deep Parkes HI Zone of Avoidance survey (HIZOA) using a newly optimized Near InfraRed (NIR) Tully-Fisher (TF) relation. The NIR imaging data of the HIZOA galaxies were obtained with the Infrared Survey Facility (IRSF) on the 1.4-m telescope at the South African Astronomical Observatory, which allows simultaneous three-colour (J; H; and Ks) imaging. We first calibrate the NIR Tully-Fisher relation for isophotal magnitudes, using the same 888 calibrator galaxies that were used for the derivation of the 2MASS TF relation for total magnitudes. The isophotal NIR TF relation allows for a significant improvement in the scatter of low surface brightness galaxies, and galaxies obscured by dust. We also simulate the effect of dust extinction on the shape of galaxies and derive a correction model. We show the ability of this model to reproduce the intrinsic axial ratio from the observed parameters up to extinction levels of AV ~ 11 mag. We present new narrow-band HI 21-cm observations for 394 selected galaxies from the HIZOA survey with improved velocity resolution. These new observations with high resolution allow a robust measurement of five different types of linewidth. We used a Bayesian mixture model to derive conversion equations between these five widths, which will be used to combine data sets of differently-derived linewidths. We present deep near-infrared (J; H; and Ks bands) observations of 1108 detections from the HIZOA survey. The average seeing, sky background and the isophotal magnitude errors are 1:38 arcsec, 20:1 mag, and 0:02 mag respectively, which are of sufficient accuracy for a Tully-Fisher analysis. Through comparisons with 2MASS and UKIDSS images we demonstrate the reliability of the IRSF photometry. We use these data and the isophotal Tully-Fisher relation to measure distances and peculiar velocities for 287 galaxies, which covers the whole southern ZOA. We derive the HI mass function to make predictions for the Malmquist bias, thus enabling us to correct the measured distances accordingly. The slope of the HI mass function agrees with both HIPASS Bright Galaxy Catalog (BGC) and ALFALFA, whereas the characteristic HI mass aligns more closely with ALFALFA than the HIPASS BGC. We map the velocity field around the major large-scale structures in the southern ZOA, such as the Great Attractor (GA), the Local Void (LV), and the Puppis region. In the GA region, we find a clear infall into the GA from both sides. Our analysis of the LV shows that the void galaxies are moving away from the center which confirms the recent results which show the draining of the LV. We also find outflow from the Puppis region. We present comparisons between the velocity field derived in this thesis, the 2MASS TullyFisher observations (2MTF), the 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS), as well as the IRAS Point Source Catalog Redshift Survey (PSCz) reconstructions. We find good agreement at low redshift with the 2MTF observations, better than the 2MRS and the PSCz reconstructions. At high redshift, our results disagree with the 2MTF observations, the 2MRS, and the PSCz reconstructions

Covered stent graft for treatment of carotid artery stenosis with post-stenotic aneurysm

Several bare metals, self-expanding stents have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat carotid stenosis, but no covered stents have been particularly examined or approved for carotid or cerebrovascular applications. Nonetheless, there are a number of potentially useful applications for covered stents in the brachiocephalic, carotid, and even intracranial arteries. As with currently accepted applications for bare metal carotid stents, the use of covered stents in carotid arteries has been reserved for patients who are at high risk for complications with open surgical management of their specific problem. The present case report emphasizes the safety and efficacy of covered stent in complex carotid artery reconstruction entailing stenosis and aneurysmal dilatation and through light on its impact on minimizing the risk of ischemic complications associated with endovascular or surgical carotid sacrifice

Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and nitric-oxide release studies of a novel series of celecoxib prodrugs possessing a nitric-oxide donor moiety

A new group of hybrid nitric oxide-releasing anti-inflammatory drugs (NONO-coxibs), in which an O2 ‑acetoxymethyl-1-(N-ethyl-N-methylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate NO-donor moiety is attached directly to the carboxylic acid group of 1-(4-aminosulfonylphenyl)-5-aryl-1H-pyrazol-3-carboxylic acids (6a–c), were synthesized. A low amount of NO was released from the diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate compounds 6a–c upon incubation with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 (range: pH 7.97–8.51), whereas, the percentage of NO released was significantly higher (84.5%–85.05% of the theoretical maximal release of two molecules of NO/molecule of the parent hybrid ester prodrug) when the diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate ester prodrugs were incubated in the presence of rat serum. These incubation studies demonstrated that both NO and the anti-inflammatory 1-(4-aminosulfonylphenyl)-5-(4-H, 4-F or 4-Me-phenyl)-1H‑pyrazol-3-carboxylic acid (4a–c) would be released from the parent NONO-coxib upon in vivo cleavage by non-specific serum esterases. The parent compounds 4a-c displayed good antiinflammatory effects (ID50=81.4–112.4 mg/kg p.o.) between those exhibited by the reference drugs, aspirin (ID50=114.3 mg/kg p.o.) and celecoxib (ID50=12.6 mg/kg p.o.). Hybrid ester anti-inflammatory/NO-donor prodrugs (NONO‑coxibs) offer a potential drug-design concept directed toward the development of antiinflammatory drugs that are lacking adverse ulcerogenic and/or cardiovascular effects

The WTO dispute settlement understanding : how can Africa make better use of the system? using Egypt as a case study

The Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) established under the World Trade Organisation, is one of the most notable achievements of the multilateral trading system. African countries need to engage more in this emerging system to defend their trade and economic interests, especially in this time of increasing integration in the world trading system. It is submitted that the weak participation of African countries in the DSU can have negative economic and trade implications on Africa, as it minimises the influence these countries could exert on the development of the DSU legal system at this stage of particular importance to the evolution of international trade law in addition to its direct economic and trade costs. All complaints about impediments in the DSU cannot be rightly claimed to be the core reasons for weak African participation in the system, as the system still stand out as a rule-based with equal treatment to Developed and Developing countries. Additionally, the low participation of African countries cannot be justified by the degree of development basis only, as other developing counties have been very successful in this regard and some African countries managed to make use of the system in a very positive way. Moreover, this dissertation states that the effect of other internal constraints that are reported to hinder African participation, such as lack of sufficient financial resources, limited technical expertise and political factors, could be minimised through joint African cooperation, and by developing national strategies to deal with DSU. Egypt is a good example in this regard; despite its limited financial and technical expertise, it managed to gain accumulated experience through its various forms of engaging in the DSU, and consequently managed to defend its trade and economic interests. The establishment of a national organisational framework to deal with the DSU assisted in the preparation of national expertise that is gaining increasing experience. Egypt’s incorporation of national legislations on Anti-Dumping, Investment Protection, Intellectual Property Rights and other WTO agreements definitely supports the Egyptian position in the DSU. African countries are called to work within the African Union and on the national levels to make the best use of the system to serve their developmental goals. National strategies should be formulated regarding WTO dispute settlement engagement. These should include sound legislations and clear rules of engagement between different departments and the private sector to enable African countries to overcome the major constraints currently limiting their participation. African countries can depend partially on the support system offered by organisations like ACWL, UNCTAD and pro bone assistance from international law firms and NGO’s to overcome the financial and lack of experience constraints.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010.Public Lawunrestricte

A Study Comparing the Effectiveness of Hamstring Tendon Graft Versus Quadriceps Tendon Graft in Press Fit Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: Press fit ACL reconstruction is a surgical procedure used to repair a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee. During press fit ACL reconstruction, a graft is used to replace the torn ACL. The graft can be harvested from various sources, such as the patient's own hamstring tendons or patellar tendon, or from a donor. The graft is then inserted into tunnels created in the femur and tibia bone. The term "press fit" refers to the technique used to secure the graft within these bone tunnels. Instead of using screws or other fixation devices, press fit ACL reconstruction relies on tight fitting of the graft within the tunnels. Objective: This study aimed to compare the subjective, objective, and radiological results of press fit anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using hamstring tendon graft versus quadriceps tendon graft. Methods: A total of 50 patients with complete ACL tears underwent press fit ACL reconstruction between March 2016 and June 2019. Among them, 25 patients received a hamstring tendon graft, and another 25 patients received a quadriceps tendon graft. Results: The study demonstrated favorable outcomes of press fit ACL reconstruction, with improvements observed in all 50 patients when comparing postoperative to preoperative parameters. The results also showed comparable outcomes between the quadriceps and hamstring groups in terms of subjective, objective, and radiological measures. Conclusion: The press fit technique for ACL reconstruction is a successful method of graft fixation that offers advantages such as fewer complications, lower cost, and easier revision compared to other commonly used techniques

Incidence, Bacterial causes and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Urinary Tract Infection in Pet Animals

T The primary goal of the study was to determine the prevalence and various bacterial risks of lower urinary tract infections (UTI) in diseased and seemingly healthy pet animals with and without urine retention whether they were catheterized or not. The bacterial isolates were in vitro tested for their antibiotic resistance and antibiotic resistance genes were investigated. Between October 2020 and January 2022, 128 urine samples were randomly collected from pets recruited to veterinary hospitals and clinics in Cairo and Giza. Samples were cultivated for bacteriological isolation. Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Klebsiella spp. were found to be the most common bacterial causes of urinary tract infections in pets, with prevalence rates of 32.9%, 28%, and 19.5%, respectively followed by Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) with incidences of 18.2% and 1.2%, respectively. Based on bacterial types and their virulence genes, antibiotic resistance and multi-drug resistance (MDR) behaviour varied. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and control of the urinary tract infection would benefit from the identification and characterization of isolated bacterial species

Applied Radiation Protection Physics

Nuclear medicine is an area where both patients and occupational radiation doses are among the highest in diagnostic imaging modalities today. Therefore, a good understanding and proper application of radiation protection principles are of great importance. Such understanding will allow optimization of practice that will be translated into cost savings for health care administrations worldwide. This chapter will tackle: radiation protection in the routine practice of both diagnostic and therapy applications in nuclear medicine including PET, diagnostic facility design, safety aspects of the common radionuclides used in clinics, the safety of the pregnant and breast feeding patients, radiation effect of exposure to ionizing radiation, and risk estimates. The chapter will discuss the operational radiation safety program requirements applied to Conventional Nuclear Medicine using Gamma Cameras, SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and Radioiodine therapy facilities. The chapter will serve as a quick reference and as a guide to access more detailed information resources available in the scientific literature