A survey on the attitudes of health educators towards clients’ education and their educational effectiveness: a cross-sectional study in health care centers in Ghaemshahr

Background and Aims: Health education is one of the important tasks of health care centers employees. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of health educators towards clients’ education and their educational effectiveness in health care centers of Ghaemshahr.Materials and Method: Totally 190 employees of health care centers in Ghaemshahr city involved in health education were included in this study. The research was conducted in 2016. Data collection instruments entails two questionnaires including efficacy education questionnaire and a questionnaire on attitude towards education. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive indexes, correlation tests andmultivariate linear regression. Ethical issues were also considered in all stages of study.Results: Studied subjects had 38 ± 7.64 years of old. 78.4% of the subjects were female and the remaining 21.6% were male. Respectively, 45.3%, 42.1% and 12.6% of the subjects described their educational effectiveness as good, moderate and poor. About 97.9% of the health educator's had a positive attitudetowards education. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between the effectiveness of education and attitudes towards education (p<0.001).Conclusion: In this study, there was a statistically significant relationship between attitude toward education and educational effectiveness. The observed relationship between these two variables can be exploited to improve the level of effective teaching by health educators

Situation of fruits and vegetables consumption in the dormitory female students based on the theory of planned behavior

Background and objective: Non correct nutrition is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the status of fruits and vegetables consumption in dormitory female students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences based on the theory of planned behavior. Methods: This cross-sectional study was down on 300 female students dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Samples were selected by random sampling. Data gathered by a questionnaire with 13 demographic questions, 42 questions about daily consumption of fruits and vegetables, 2 questions of behavioral intention, 15 questions of attitude, 5 questions of subjective norms, 7 questions about perceived behavioral control and 5 questions of enabling factors. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was determined in a pilot study. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version16) and using descriptive and analytical statistics tests. Results: 86% of the samples had favorable behavioral intentions, all of them had desirable attitudes. 63 percent of them had favorable subjective norms and 78 percent of them had favorable perceived behavioral control and 84.7 percent of them had favorable enabling factors. There were significant correlations between fruit and vegetable consumption behaviors with the intention, perceived behavioral control and enabling factors based on the correlation co-efficient and leaner regression Tests. Intention, perceived behavioral control and enabling factors were predictors of fruits and vegetables consumption among these students. Conclusion: Intention, perceived behavioral control and enabling factors were important predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption in these students. Paper type: Research Articl

The Diabetes Mellitus-Related Problems among Diabetic Elderly

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main cause of death and disability in the elderly. We aimed to evaluate the diabetes mellitus-related problems in elderly participants attended the diabetes clinic of Ardabil. In a cross-sectional analytical study, 91 elderly participants were randomly enrolled. Standard Problem Area in Diabetes scale was used. Data were obtained through interview and analyzed using SPSS version 22 by descriptive and analytical methods. The mean and standard deviation of the Total Problems Related to Diabetes Mellitus was 31.51 ± 15.37. There were significant relationships between Total Problems Related to DM and marital status (P=0.02), the score of depression-related problems and gender (P=0.04) and the score of treatment barriers with the family composition (P=0.009) and marital status (P=0.005). Elderly with further chronic illness have had additional treatment barriers (P=0.02). Most of the elderly are suffering from various DM-associated problems. They needed to be taken into account in promotion planning sex, family composition, and numbers of chronic diseases

Qualitative Analysis of Students’ Experiences of Happiness: A Phenomenological Study

Introduction: Happiness is the amount of positive value that a person considers it for him/herself. Happiness is the common goal of all human beings; so that all human efforts will be done to get it, and it has changed to an important issue in human life at recent decades. Present study aimed to assess students' experiences of happiness phenomenon in Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Method: This qualitative study was done in 2015 using phenomenological method. The number of participants was 12; the data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and analyzed using Colaizzi 7-step technique. Results: After considering and analyzing the data, 219 themes, 10 subthemes, and 3 main themes were extracted. The main categories included "goals achievement", "social ties", and "the ravages of life". Participants gained happiness through the process of social life and meanwhile declared basic individual efforts to achieve desires and happiness. They also suffered from some ravages and life destructive changes such as inappropriate welfare status, and encountered uncertain future. Conclusion: Considering particular importance of social aspect of gaining happiness, and the effect of welfare status on it, preparing appropriate educational policy for students and planning to improve their economic conditions to increase happiness are of great importance. Keywords: Happiness, Phenomenology, Student

The Assessment of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Status and Its Determinants among Students of Iran University of Medical Sciences

Careful assessment of lifestyle status among students is a necessity for identifying lifestyle problems and, it is an essential prerequisite for more efficient planning and implementing health promotion interventions among them. This study performed to estimate the current status of a health-promoting lifestyle among students of Iran University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional study was performed on 250 students of Iran University of Medical Sciences. By performing a proportional stratified random sampling method according to the number of students in each academic discipline, samples were chosen. The data gathering tool was a two-part questionnaire. The first part was related to demographic and socioeconomic information. The second part consisted of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II) questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 through descriptive and inferential statistics. The results were statistically observed as significant at p < 0.05. The mean score of health-promoting lifestyle was 124.36 ± 18.41. The highest mean score was for the nutrition dimension (23.67±4.91) and the lowest was for the physical activity dimension (15.08±5.16). This research showed that a statistical proper correlation was found between marital status and spiritual growth. Also, there was a relationship between academic discipline and health responsibility. Additionally, another statistical significant relationship between financial status and health-promoting lifestyle, health responsibility, spiritual growth, and stress management was observed. Since the status of a health-promoting lifestyle is not satisfactory, a wide range of planning and implementing health interventions are needed to improve the health-promoting lifestyle among the students

Educational Interventions Relating to Breakfast Consumption among Students: A Systematic Review

Implementing interventions in the field of breakfast consumption and subsequently evaluating them is an appropriate solution to promote healthy breakfast consumption and improve health status. The present study aims to systematically investigate the educational interventions in relation to breakfast consumption among students. In this study, the SID, IRANMEDEX, IRANDOC, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for the period from January 2000 to March 2018. The selection criteria for final articles include having as their topics education and intervention relating to breakfast consumption among pre-school and other school students as well as the availability of the full text of the articles. In general, 3742 articles were identified, out of which 17 articles—containing educational intervention relating to breakfast consumption among the students—were selected after removing duplicate articles and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria. However, 5451 students had participated in the 17 investigated articles. The main emphasis in these interventions was on increasing breakfast consumption and knowledge and changing attitudes towards breakfast and its benefits. The use of theories and models for intervention increased the frequency of breakfast consumption among the students in all the reviewed studies. Accordingly, it seems necessary to design, implement, and assess more educational and interventional programs. More attention should be devoted to different theories and models of health education and promotion and to some lesser noteworthy factors, such as the role of schools, teachers, and parents in education, and modern communication technologies

Качество жизни и связанные с ней факторы у реципиентов почечного трансплантата

Patients undergoing transplantation, experience significant changes in their quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of life and related factors in kidney transplant recipients. This descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was performed on 136 kidney transplant recipients referring to nephrology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil through convenience sampling method in 2016. Data was collected by using a demographic form, Short Form Health Survey (SF36), physical stress index, Kidney Transplantation Self-Management Scale, Kidney Transplantation Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale and Beck's Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using descriptive and analytical methods. The mean score of physical health (55.01 ±19.48) was slightly higher than the mental health (42.86 ± 20.91). Self-efficacy (β = 0.29), depression symptoms (β = -0.34), age (β = -0.36) and gender (β = 0.15) were as predictors of the physical health component of quality of life. Self-efficacy (β = 0.58), depression symptoms (β = -0.25), age (β = -0.16) and education level (β = -0.28) were determined as predictors of the mental health component of quality of life. It is imperative that the kidney transplant care team improve patients' quality of life by teaching self-care behaviors to improve patients' self-efficacy and early screening for depression symptoms. On the other hand, care services should be provided with greater support from women and the elderly&nbsp;patients in order to improve their physical and mental health.Los pacientes sometidos a trasplante experimentan cambios significativos en su calidad de vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la calidad de vida y los factores relacionados en los receptores de trasplante renal. Este estudio transversal descriptivo-analítico se realizó en 136 receptores de trasplante de riñón que se referían a la clínica de nefrología del Hospital Imam Khomeini en Ardabil a través del método de muestreo de conveniencia en 2016. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un formulario demográfico, Short Form Health Survey (SF36), físico índice de estrés, Escala de autogestión de trasplante de riñón, Escala de autoeficacia de autocuidado de trasplante de riñón e Inventario de depresión de Beck. Los datos fueron analizados por el software SPSS versión 16 utilizando métodos descriptivos y analíticos. La puntuación media de salud física (55.01 ± 19.48) fue ligeramente mayor que la salud mental (42.86 ± 20.91). La autoeficacia (β = 0.29), los síntomas de depresión (β = -0.34), la edad (β = -0.36) y el género (β = 0.15) fueron predictores del componente de salud física de la calidad de vida. La autoeficacia (β = 0,58), los síntomas de depresión (β = -0,25), la edad (β = -0,16) y el nivel educativo (β = -0,28) se determinaron como predictores del componente de salud mental de la calidad de vida. Es imperativo que el equipo de atención de trasplante de riñón mejore la calidad de vida de los pacientes al enseñar comportamientos de autocuidado para mejorar la autoeficacia de los pacientes y la detección temprana de los síntomas de depresión. Por otro lado, los servicios de atención deben proporcionarse con un mayor apoyo de las mujeres y los pacientes de edad avanzada para mejorar su salud física y mental.Пациенты, перенесшие трансплантацию, испытывают значительные изменения в качестве своей жизни. Целью данного исследования было определение качества жизни и связанных с ней факторов у реципиентов почечного трансплантата. Это описательно-аналитическое перекрестное исследование было проведено на 136 реципиентах почек с обращением в нефрологическую клинику имам Хомейни в Ардебиле методом удобной выборки в 2016 году. Данные были собраны с использованием демографической формы, Краткого обследования состояния здоровья (SF36), физического индекс стресса, шкала самоуправления трансплантации почки, шкала самоэффективности самообслуживания трансплантации почки и опись депрессии Бека. Данные были проанализированы с помощью программного обеспечения SPSS версии 16 с использованием описательного и аналитического методов. Средний балл физического здоровья (55,01 ± 19,48) был несколько выше, чем психическое здоровье (42,86 ± 20,91). Самоэффективность (β = 0,29), симптомы депрессии (β = -0,34), возраст (β = -0,36) и пол (β = 0,15) были предикторами физического здоровья, составляющего качество жизни. Самоэффективность (β = 0,58), симптомы депрессии (β = -0,25), возраст (β = -0,16) и&nbsp;уровень образования (β = -0,28) были определены в качестве предикторов компонента качества жизни для психического здоровья. Крайне важно, чтобы команда по уходу за трансплантацией почек улучшала качество жизни пациентов, обучая поведению по уходу за собой повышать самоэффективность пациентов и проводя ранний скрининг на симптомы депрессии. С другой стороны, услуги по уходу должны предоставляться при большей поддержке со стороны женщин и пациентов пожилого возраста с целью улучшения их физического и психического здоровья

The Effect of Educational Intervention based on Social Support Theory on Improvement of Hemodialysis Patients’ Quality of Life

Chronic kidney failure is a progressive and irreversible degeneration of renal function that affects the quality of life of patients. Social support as a coping mechanism can help promote health and improve the quality of life of a person. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on social support theory on the improvement of hemodialysis patients’ QOL. This is a controlled quasi-experimental conducted in 2015 in Sari and with the participation of 100 hemodialysis patients that were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Prior to education, the patients were evaluated with demographic form, quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and social support (MOS-SSS) questionnaires. Then, an educational program was developed based on social support theory and implemented for the intervention group. The two groups were re-evaluated with the same questionnaires after 1 and 3 months and the data were analyzed in SPSS. In the intervention group compared to the control group, the mean scores of quality of life and social support increased significantly after the intervention (

Explaining the Experiences of Health Care Providers about Barriers of Client Education in Ghaemshahr Health Centers: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Providing an effective education by healthcare workers is very important in improving the quality of health services and patients' lives. Effective education faces a variety of challenges, which results in the low productivity of experienced health care providers. The aim of this study was to explain the experiences of health care providers about barriers of client education in Ghaemshahr health centers. Method: This qualitative research was conducted by content analysis method in Ghaemshahr healthcare centers. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews through focus group discussion and individual interviews with 20 healthcare staff that were selected by purposive and theoretical sampling. Data were analyzed and interpreted using conventional content analysis with Lundman and Graneheim technique. Results: After data analysis, 4 main themes and 15 subthemes were extracted. The main themes include structural challenges, inappropriate working conditions, lack of integrated professional knowledge, and inefficient teaching methods. Conclusion: Structural barriers are the main obstacle for providing an effective education by healthcare workers. Also, there is not a context for proper training, and despite many efforts, staff are incapable of providing an effective education. Educational policies need to be changed and client education whould be provided with higher quality and more effectively by employing expert forces and putting aside big challenges

Effect of Health Literacy Education on Self-Care in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Prenatal care reduces the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study aimed to determine the effect of health literacy education on self-care in pregnant women. Methods: The present randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at two comprehensive health service centers in Pakdasht (Tehran province, Iran) during January-June 2016. Out of the ten comprehensive health service centers in the city, two centers were selected using a simple randomized sampling and randomly assigned to a control group and an intervention group. From each center, 40 pregnant women were recruited into the study. Dedicated questionnaires on self-care and health literacy during pregnancy were developed by the author as data collection tool. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed using the test-retest reliability method and by the opinion of ten experts, respectively. The questionnaires were completed before the intervention, and at 1 and 2 months after the intervention. The intervention consisted of four 45-minute educational sessions and group counseling. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 16.0) with the independent t test, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and repeated measures ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups before the intervention. However, 1 month after the intervention, there was a significant difference (P<0.001) in the mean scores of the total self-care and total health literacy between the control and intervention groups (65±6.23 versus 76.77±4.28 and 30.95±4.63 versus 40±3.54). Similarly, there was a significant difference (P<0.001) between the mean scores 2 months after the intervention. Conclusion: Intervention for the promotion of physical and mental self-care during pregnancy should emphasize on increasing health literacy in computational comprehension, reading comprehension, and behavior. Trial Registration Number: IRCT2017030415650N