栄養指導に関する研究 : 第3報 学童の家庭食事における摂取食品数による食生活診断についての検討(自然科学)

三重県阿山郡大山田村東小学校学童(男子)の家庭食事における摂取食品数と栄養摂取量の標準量に対する充足率との関係について調べたところ,1日における摂取食品数は26～30種程度で学童の各栄養摂取量はその標準量は充足していることが認められた。また,とくに6つの食品群を幅広くとれば20種以下でも十分各栄養素の標準量を充足しうることが確認された。The Authors investigated the relation between the numbers of food items in the diet of Ohyamada-mura Higashi elementary school children, Ayama-gun in Mie Prefecture in the home and the satisfaction rate as regards the standard amount of Nutrition. It was found that daily food intake involved from 26 to 30 different comestibles, and the various nutrient amounts in the children\u27s diets satisfied standerd. It was also recognized that, if one eats within a wide range of 6 different food groupings, the respective standars for nutrient amounts can be satisfied by intake of even less than 20 different kind of Foods

三重県における地域別食生活実態の公衆栄養学的考察 : 第16報 昭和58年,三重県鈴鹿市庄野小学校および大山田村東小学校学童の朝食における食事形態についての研究(自然科学編)

昭和58年5月中の3日間にわたり,三重県の市街化地域である鈴鹿市庄野小学校および山間部の農村地域である大山田村東小学校の学童を対象とし,朝食の主食パターンと副食の食品群の種類および調理形態の関連性について検討した結果を要約すると次のごとくである。(1)朝食の学校別主食パターン分布は,米飯パターンでは庄野小75.4%,東小79.2%であった。パンパターンでは庄野小21.1%,東小18.8%であった。その他のパターンでは3%内外の極めて僅少な率であった。(2)副食に使用されていて出現率の高い食品群は米飯パターンでは,豆類,その他の野菜類,魚介類および卵類などで,パンパターンでは,油脂類,その他の野菜類,乳類および卵類などであった。(3)庄野小と東小との間でその出現率に有意差がみられた食品群は米飯パターンでは果実類および油脂類で,パンパターンでは乳類であった。(4)副食の出現率の高かった調理形態は,米飯パターンでは汁物,生・乾物およびその他(加工食品など)であり,パンパターンでは生・乾物,その他(加工食品など)および汁物であった。(5)主食パターンの副食中で出現率の高かった食品群は,みそ汁の材料として用いられているものがその大部分を占めていた。Patterns of staple food, types of foods used Subsidiariarily and relationships thereof with cookery forms in breakfast of children in Shono Elementary School located in a town place in Suzuka-shi and those in Higashi Elementary School of Ohyamada-mura located between mountains in Mie Prefecture are examined. (1) With regard to patterns of staple food, 75.4% and 79.2% of children in Shono and Higashi Elementary Schools respectively had rice while 21.2% and 18.8% of children in the former and latter schools respectively had bread. No significant difference is observed between these schools. Approximately 3.0% of children in both schools had other foods, showing a very low ratio. (2) Beans and bean products, other vegetables fishes and shellfishes and eggs were frequently used as subsidiary foods in the case where rice was the staple food. On the other hand, oils, other vegetables, milk and milk products and eggs were frequently used as subsidiary foods in the case where bread was the staple food. (3) With regard to cookery forms, soups such as misoshiru, milk and raw and/or dry foods such as seasoned laver were frequently used in both cases

三重県における地域別食生活実態の公衆栄養学的考察 : 第13報 昭和57年,三重県下鈴鹿市庄野小学校および大山田村東小学校学童の朝食における食事形態についての研究

昭和57年5月の3日間にわたり,鈴鹿市庄野小学校および阿山郡大山田村東小学校学童を対象とし,朝食の食事内容について検討を行なった結果を要約すると,次のとおりであった。(1)主食パターンの分布をみると,庄野小学校では米飯パターン81.9%,パンパターン18.1%,その他のパターン0%であり,東小学校では米飯パターン80.4%,パンパターン14.3%,その他のパターン5.3%であった。(2)副食で出現頻度の高い食品群は,米飯パターンでは両校ともみそ,豆腐で代表される豆類であり,パンパターンでは乳類であった。また,最も出現頻度の高い調理形態は両校ともみそ汁で代表される汁物であり,その汁の実において,最も出現頻度の高い食品群は,両校とも豆腐,油揚げで代表される豆類であった。(3)上記の主食パターン別における食品群別および調理形態別の出現頻度については,両校との間に有意差が認められた。Over some three consecutive days of May, 1982, studies were made on the dietary contents of breakfast on the part of the children of Shono Elementary School at Suzuka City and Higashi Elementary School at Ohyamada Village in Mie Prefecture. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Distribution of staple food patterns comprised 81.9% of boiled rice pattern, 18.1% of bread pattern and 0% of other pattern for Shono Elementary School and 80.4% of the former pattern and 14.3% of the latter pattern and 5.3% of other patten for Higashi Elementary School. 2) Groups of subsidiary food stuffs of high frequency in use were composed of pulses represented by miso and tofu for boiled rice pattern and of milk for bread pattern at both elementary schools, and the cooking form of highest frequency in use comprised juices represented by miso juice at both elementary schools, and groups of food stuffs as contents of juice of highest frequency were composed of pulses represented by tofu, aburage, etc. at both elementary schools. 3) Depending upon the groups of food stuffs, significant differences were observed in the above frequencies by food stuff and by cooking form, classified by stable food pattern between both elementary schools

三重県における地域別食生活実態の公衆栄養学的考察(第1報) : 鳥羽市国崎町,飯高町森地区のう蝕罹患状態および栄養摂取状況についての検討

The relation of morbidity of permanent teeth saprodontia and intake of nutrients of inhabitants in Kuzaki-cho, Toba City, a farm-fishing village with a low morbidity rate and in Mori-district, Iidaka-cho, a mountain village with a high morbidity were investigated. (1) Morbidity of saprodontia in permanent teeth of students of the Kuzaki elementary school was 20.0% in the 5th year and 28.6% in the 6th year students. The average number of saprodontia per person was 0.20% and 0.36% in 5th and 6th year students, respectively. By contrast, in the Mori elementary school, the morbidity rate in the 5th year student was 92% and 93% in the 6th year, the average number, 3.29% and 5.73%, respectively. A remarkable difference between morbidity in both districts, was found and the same tendency was also observed in number of saprodontia at C_3～C_4. (2) 1) Investigation on conditions of the intake of both districts revealed that the intake of animal protein was over 32% the standard value for 1975 (m:42.5g, δ:13.39, CV:31.5%) in kuzaki-cho and 25% lower than that (m:24.0g, δ:4.99, CV:20.8%) in Mori-district, Iidakacho. Intake of calcium appeared to be satisfactory (m:0.62g, δ:0.073, CV:11.8%) in Kuzaki-cho, but was 23% lower (m:0.47g, δ:0.14, CV:29,8%) in Mori-district, Iidakacho. Carbohydrate and salt intakes were higher in Mori-district than in Kuzaki-cho. 2) A large amount of fish, shellfish, shellfish, seaweeds and beans were taken in Kuzaki-cho seemed to be recommendable, however, in Mori-district an excess amount of sweets, cakes and pickled vegetables was observed. (3) No sognificant difference was found between Kuzaki-cho and Iidaka-cho as to the amount of sweets and beverage intake. Moreover, excessive intake was noted. (4) Most of what was taken between meals was conventional store-bought sweets or clrinks not considered to be beneficial to the children\u27s teeth. Kuzaki-cho findings revealed a great intake in the area of sweetbreads, ceramels and chewing gum, whereas Iidaka-cho showed much intake of caramels and chewing gum. (5) Forty percent of the children in both conmunities watched television for upwards of 3 hours per day. (6) Concerning local cuisine, in the Kuzaki area (Shima peninsula) fresh homemade dishes such as lightly roasted fish were frequently consumed, whereas in the Iidaka-cho area (a mountain village close to Nara Prefecture), tea gruel, boiled rice with assorted mixtures and picles of \u27akana\u27 (Brassica) and of edible wild plants such as osmunds were frequently consumed

三重県における地域別食生活実態の公衆栄養学的考察(第2報) : 米単作地帯における高血圧世帯および非高血圧世帯の栄養摂取状況

三重県において,脳卒中死亡率の高率地区であり,かつ,米単作地帯の大山田村住民の40～46才の年令層を対象とし,血圧測定をおこなった。ついで,その成績を基礎として,高血圧出現頻度が比較的多かった阿波地区を対象とし,男子の高血圧者在宅世帯および非高血圧世帯のそれぞれの代標本として,各世帯を任意に抽出し,その栄養摂取状態についてしらべた。(1)血圧状況では,全国平均よりも高い値を示した年令層は最高血圧値においては,男子群の45～49才,女子群の40～44才で,最低血圧においては,男子群の45～49才のみであった。また,全国平均よりも低い値を示した年令層は,最低血圧において,男子群の50～59才,女子群の50～54才であった。これらの年令層は,より血圧に関心が深く,栄養改善思想に浴することが多く,このことに長く努力を持続している人々であろう。(2)栄養摂取量では,動物性タンパク質において,高血圧世帯と非高血圧世帯との間には1%の危険率で有意差がみられ,とくに非高血圧世帯が高い値を示したが,それらの値は,両世帯とも標準量を上回り,かつ,昭和39年の栄養調査の値よりもいちじるしい向上がみとめられた。糖質についても,高血圧世帯と非高血圧世帯との問には,1%の危険率で有意差がみとめられ,非高血圧世帯では,かなりの糖質摂取の減少傾向がみられたのに反し,高血圧世帯では,糖質の多量摂取傾向が目立った。つぎにカルシウム,ビタミンAおよびビタミンB_2は,両世帯ともに不足がちであることがわかり,とくに,ビタミンB_2は高血圧世帯において,それがいちじるしかった。(3)食品群別摂取量では,魚介類および獣鳥肉類は,高血圧世帯と非高血圧世帯との間に有意差がみられ,非高血圧世帯は,高血圧世帯よりも高い値を示したが,それらの値は,両世帯とも,それぞれの目標量を上回るとともに,昭和39年の栄養調査の値よりもかなり改善されていることがわかった。この動物性食品の摂取増加と本村における昭和42年からの脳卒中訂正死亡率の低下傾向とは決して無関係とはいえない。つぎに,高血圧世帯と非高血圧世帯との間に有意差はなく,かつ,目標量をはるかに下回っていた食品群は,乳卵類および緑黄色野菜であった。(4)食塩摂取量は,高血圧世帯では16.4g,非高血圧世帯では14.4gであり,両世帯との間に有意差は認められなかったが,両世帯とも決して少ない値ではなかった。(5)兼業を除いた農業労働のみにおいては,高血圧世帯と非高血圧世帯との問に有意差はみられなかった。(6)阿山郡大山田村の郷土食については,穀類では「茶がゆ」の摂取は飯高町のそれよりも摂取頻度が少なく,白がゆに煎った大麦を粉にした「こうせん」を入れた「こうせんがゆ」の摂取頻度が多いことが特徴である。また,豆類では,豆腐の「でんがく」は摂取頻度が多かった。終わりに臨み,終始ご指導ご助言を賜わった学長堀敬文先生に深い感謝の意を表するとともに,いつも変わらぬご指導ご高配賜わっている三重県上野保健所長関本千恵子先生に深甚なる謝意を表する。In Oyamada Village, Mie Prefecture, where a high death rate from cerebral apoplexy is indicated, the blood pressure in males and females of 40-60 years was measured. Based on the results in the Awa district where of hypertension was comparatively frequent, nutritional intake was studied randamly selected 20 households each with and without patients of hypertension. (1) Blood pressure : The age group with a systolic pressure higher than the nationwide average was the 45～49 year male group and 40～44 year female group and that with a diastolic pressure higher than the nationwide average was the 45～49 year male group alone. The age group with a diastolic pressure lower than the nationwide average was the 50～59 year male group and 50～54 year female group. The people in this age group may be more concerned about their blood pressure, more of ten accept ideas on nutritional improvement, and can be said to make continued efforts to improve their dietary habits for a long time. (2) Nutritional intake : There was a significant difference between the intake of animal protein of the group with hypertension and that not having hypertension, statistically significant at the 99% level. It was particularly high in the group without hypertension. However, the values of both groups were higher than the standard allowance, and had improved markedly since 1964 when a nutritional survey was conducted. There was also a significant difference between the intake of carbohydrates of the group with hypertension and that without hypertension (signifi-cant at the 99% level) . In the group without hypertension, the intake of carbohydrates tended to be reduced, whereas in the group with hypertension, large amounts of carbohydrates tended to be consumed. The intake of calcium and vitamins A and B_2tended to be insufficient in both groups. The intake of vitamin B_2 was especially low in the group with hypertension. (3) Intake of foods : There was a significant difference between the group with hypertension and that without hypertension in their intake of fish, meat and poultry. That is, the group with no hypertension consumed more of these foods than that withut hyopertension. However, more than the standard allowance of these foods were consumed in both groups, and the intake was found to be greater than the values obtained during the 1964 survey. These finding suggest that the increase in the comsunption of animal foods is related to the lowering tendency of the adjusted death rate from cerebral apoplexy since 1967 in this village. Less than the standard allowance in both groups without any significant difference between the two groups, were fat, milk, eggs and green vegetables. (4) Salt intake was m:17.4g with hypertension households and m:15.4g with non-hypertension households. Between them no significant difference was observed. (5) A significant difference in agricultural labour as a special occupation, not as a side business was noticed between the hypertensive households and the nonhypertensive households. (6) Local diet in Oyamada Village Ayama County : Grain ; The consumption of tea rice gruel was less frequent than in Iidaka-cho, and that of gruel with roasted oatmeal was more frequent. Legumes ; Bean curd, baked and coated with miso were often consumed

食品のカリウム含量(第2報) : 昼食におけるナトリウムおよびカリウムの含量

We analyzed packed lunches, restaurant lunches, "Takikomimeshi" and "sushi" around us for sodium and potassium. Results are followings: 1) Salt contents of lunches were about the same as they had been seasoned according to the standard. Therefore, there was no lunch of enormous salt content. Ratios of sodium to potassium were all below 4. 2) Salt contents of "takikomimeshi" and "sushi" were far more than they had been seasoned according to the standard. Some of them were enormous. Ratios of sodium to potassium mere all beyond 6

食品のカリウム含量(第1報)

We analyzed summer vegetables and their pickles for potassium content. The results are as Table 1～3

三重県における地域別食生活実態の公衆栄養学的考察(第5報) : ポテトチップの食塩含量(食塩濃度計による測定法のテスト)

試料に適量の水を加えてホモジネートをつくり,ホモジネートの食塩濃度をナトリウム電極による食塩濃度計を用いて測定し,これをもとに食塩含量を算出する方法(この方法を簡易法と略称する。),この簡易法をポテトチップに適用し,はたして正値が得られるか調べた。結果は次のとおりである。1)簡易法によるポテトチップの食塩含量は,試料を灰化して,食塩濃度計を適用したものに比べ,約10%低値であった。2)簡易法によるポテトチップの食塩含量は,塩素イオンの滴定によるものに比べ,約10%低値であった。3)しかしながら,簡易法によるポテトチップの食塩含量の値は再現性を有し,他の方法による値とほぼ平行した。This paper is experiment whether salt content in fried potato chips is determined with accuracy or not by the simple method using salt consulting meter which has the sodium ion electrode (The simple method is as follows. Add a certain amount of water to sample and mix, then make homogeneity. Measure salt concentration in this homogeneity by the salt consulting meter. Then calculate salt content in the semple.) The result is shown next : 1) According to the simple method, the salt content in fried potato chips has been about 10% lower, as compared with the method that sample is ashed previous and the salt content is determined through the salt consulting meter. 2) According to the simple method, the salt content in fried potato chips has been about 10% lower, too, as compared with the method consisting of chlorine ion titration. 3) However, the simple method has good reappearancy value of salt content in fried potato chips and there is a close correlation on the volues between the simple method and other methods

三重県における地域別食生活実態の公衆栄養学的考察 : 第6報 三重県松阪保健所管轄内の在宅脳卒中後遺症者の栄養摂取状態について

A survey on ADL and nutritional conditions was carried out on the patients at home with sequelae of cerebral apoplexy who were notified by medical institutions in Matsuzaka city and Meiwa-cho within the jurisdiction of the Matsuzaka Public Health Center and were discharged about three months before and the following results were obtained. (1) Of 10 patients, 3 required help, but other 7 did not require it in spite of physical handicaps such as unilateral paralysis. This might reflect the result of home care after discharge such as rehabilitation which was carried out through the medical communication system under the direction of the public health center. (2) When intake of each nutrient was compared with the standard intake in each patient, calories and protein were deficient in 6 of 10 patients and fat and vitamin B_1 and B_2 in 8 of 10 patients. Calcium and vitamin A were markedly deficient in almost all patients. (3) Intake of salt was more than 6 g in all the patients. (4) When food intake was examined by food groups, significant difference was noted between intake by each patient and the standard intake in the potato, fat, milk, green and yellow vegetables and fruits. It should be noted that 6 of 10 patients did not ingest milk at all. (5) Following these results, nutritional rehabilitation can be considered necessary for patients at home with sequelae of cerebral apoplexy

栄養指導に関する研究 : 第2報 昭和60年三重県阿山郡大山田村東小学校学童の家庭食事における食パターン,家族とのまどい状況および食品群別摂取状態についての検討(自然科学)

全国でも脳血管疾患が多い地域の学童期栄養の実態とその栄養指導の方法を探る目的で,三重県山間部の農村地域にある阿山郡大山田村東小学校における学童を対象に,その家庭食事(朝食,夕食および間食)の食パターン,その家族のまどい状況および食品群別摂取状態について調査した。1.主食パターンの分布をみると,男子では米食パターン89%,パン食パターン4%,その他のパターン7%であり,女子では米食パターン67%,パン食パターン15%,その他のパターン18%であった。米食パターンは男女とも全国平均を上回っていた。2.家族のまどい状況では,家族揃って食事をしない学童は,朝食で67%,夕食で44%もみられた。その中で,とくに朝食,夕食とも家族揃って食事をしない学童が32%もみられたことは注目すべきことである。また,家族全員で食事をした学童と家族全員で食事をしない学童との栄養素摂取量においての有意差は認められなかった。3.食品群別平均摂取量の目標量に対する充足率をみると,いも類,では男子30%,女子27%,緑黄色野菜類では男子17%,女子34%,乳製品では男子37%,女子16%の摂取不足が認められた。このことからも,本地域住民の高血圧出現率が,非常に高率であることがうなずける。従つて,これらの食品群の摂取増加に対する対策が必要であろう。4.食品群別摂取量に,学校給食の食糧構成標準量を加算した場合においても,その目標量を下回っていた食品群は,男子は果実類,卵類,女子では,緑黄色野菜類が認められた。A survey was conducted for school children at Higashi elementary school in a rural region among mountains, Ohyamada-mura, Ayama-gun in Mie prefecture on diet patterns at daily meals at home (breakfast, supper and refreshment), fireside circle among each family and the intake of each food group. This survey was aimed at seaching for the actual state of nutrition for school children and guidelines on how to give dietetic instruction to households with school children in the regions with highest rates of cerebrovascular disease across the nation. (1) Patterns of the staple food: Boys: rice, 89%; bread, 4%; other patterns, 7%. Girls: rice, 67%; bread, 15%; other patterns, 18%. For both sexes, the rate of the rice diet is higher than the mean value of nation-wide figures. (2) On the fireside circle among each family: The rates of the children whose family members do not take meals together: 67% for breakfast and 44% for supper. It should be noted that for as much as 32% of the childern, family members do not take either breakfast or supper together. There were, however, no significant differences in nutrition intake between the childern whose family members take meals together and those whose family members do not take meals together. (3) Insufficiencies in intake compared with the recommended intake for each food group: potatoes, 30% for boys and 27% for girls; green vegetables, 17% for boys and 34% for girls; dairy products, 37% for boys and 16% for girls. Therefore it can recognize that the rates of cerebrovasular disease in these regions is very high. Consequently, it is believed that dietetic instruction is need for these family to take countermeasures on an increase in intake of each food groups. (4) For a few food groups, i.e. oils and fruits and eggs for boys and green vegetables for girls, each intake does not reach the recommended level even after adding the standard intake supplied at school lunch