1,263 research outputs found
Bringing tasks back in: an organizational theory of resource complementarity and partner selection
To progress beyond the idea that the value of inter-firm collaboration is largely determined by the complementarity of the resources held by partners, we build a theoretical framework that explains under which conditions a set of resources or capabilities can be considered as complementary and resulting in superior value creation. Specifically, we argue that the tasks that an inter-firm collaboration has to perform determine complementarities, and that complementarities arise from similar and dissimilar resources alike. We capture this relationship in the concept of task resource complementarity. Further, we examine factors that impact on the relevance of this construct as a predictor of partner selection. Finally, we discuss which implications arise for a theory of the firm when tasks are explicitly incorporated into the conceptualization of resource complementarity
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Le Dinamiche Temporali della Condivisone di Conoscenza in contesti di lavoro virtuale: uno studio empirico longitudinale
La gestione della conoscenza aziendale viene ormai unanimemente riconosciuta dagli studiosi di economia aziendale come un’importante leva strategica e competitiva per l’impresa. Tuttavia, nonostante lo sforzo di ricerca profuso sul tema in questi anni, sembra che in letteratura non si siano ancora formate opinioni condivise e stabili circa le modalità più efficaci di gestione, misurazione e valutazione delle conoscenze in azienda. Di contro, gli studi in materia sembrano essere spesso divisi da opinioni divergenti e talvolta opposte sul concetto stesso di conoscenza cui fare riferimento e sugli obiettivi analitici da assegnare alla ricerca scientifica sul tema. Si ritiene che le divergenze analitiche ed epistemologiche che fino ad oggi hanno caratterizzato la letteratura aziendale sul Knowledge Management costituiscano un limite più che un’opportunità al fine di favorire un’efficace comprensione e gestione della conoscenza aziendale da parte del mondo manageriale. A nostro parere, infatti, il top management e i principali livelli direzionali aziendali potrebbero beneficiare di una lettura integrata e organica dei diversi contributi offerti sul tema dalla letteratura accademica, con particolare riferimento alle tecniche di misurazione della conoscenza. Al fine di delineare i primi elementi di questa prospettiva integrata, in vista di una sistematizzazione unitaria dei diversi approcci al tema, in questo lavoro discuteremo i risultati di un caso empirico di Knowledge Management aziendale. Per fare questo, il presente lavoro è stato articolato in due momenti, il primo di analisi teorica, il secondo di analisi empirica. Il primo momento consiste in un’analisi dei principali approcci al tema del Knowledge Management emersi nella letteratura aziendale, al fine di metterne in luce limiti e opportunità. Il secondo momento consiste nell’esposizione e discussione delle evidenze empiriche riscontrate sul campo. Nelle conclusioni verranno discusse alcune possibili implicazioni pratiche e teoriche dell’indagine empirica
Lorentz Violating Inflation
We explore the impact of Lorentz violation on the inflationary scenario. More
precisely, we study the inflationary scenario in the scalar-vector-tensor
theory where the vector is constrained to be unit and time like. It turns out
that the Lorentz violating vector affects the dynamics of the chaotic
inflationary model and divides the inflationary stage into two parts; the
Lorentz violating stage and the standard slow roll stage. We show that the
universe is expanding as an exact de Sitter spacetime in the Lorentz violating
stage although the inflaton field is rolling down the potential. Much more
interestingly, we find exact Lorentz violating inflationary solutions in the
absence of the inflaton potential. In this case, the inflation is completely
associated with the Lorentz violation. We also mention some consequences of
Lorentz violating inflation which can be tested by observations.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur
Hawking Radiation from Fluctuating Black Holes
Classically, black Holes have the rigid event horizon. However, quantum
mechanically, the event horizon of black holes becomes fuzzy due to quantum
fluctuations. We study Hawking radiation of a real scalar field from a
fluctuating black hole. To quantize metric perturbations, we derive the
quadratic action for those in the black hole background. Then, we calculate the
cubic interaction terms in the action for the scalar field. Using these
results, we obtain the spectrum of Hawking radiation in the presence of
interaction between the scalar field and the metric. It turns out that the
spectrum deviates from the Planck spectrum due to quantum fluctuations of the
metric.Comment: 35pages, 4 figure
Fit for the task: complementarity, asymmetry, and partner selection in alliances
Most existing theories of relationship formation imply that organizations establish ties to procure complementary resources, and that doing so adroitly generates relational rents.
While this entails a responsibility for organizations to recognize and harness complementarity, most theories struggle with ambiguity around the concept of resource complementarity, neglect its power implications, and rely on rules-of-thumb that assign no role to managers' intentions.
To explain the formation of ties that successfully combine critical resources, we propose that a positive interplay among resources only exists insofar as organizations use task requirements to guide their combination. As such, a well-matched tie is one that manages task resource interdependence while offsetting imbalances in task-related resources.
We test our theory on project-based, inter-organizational partnerships for public construction in Italy. We find that: (1) The probability of tie formation increases with the quality of the match between the task and actors' resources; (2) There are two distinct, task-related dimensions along which this happens: depth and scope; (3) The effect of these dimensions dwarfs the effect found by measures that assess complementarity irrespective of task; and (4) The probability of tie formation decreases when a task calls for resources that potential partners possess in unequal amounts
Angle-dependent magnetoresistance in the weakly incoherent interlayer transport regime
We present comparative studies of the orientation effect of a strong magnetic
field on the interlayer resistance of -(BEDT-TTF)KHg(SCN)
samples characterized by different crystal quality. We find striking
differences in their behavior which is attributed to the breakdown of the
coherent charge transport across the layers in the lower quality sample. In the
latter case, the nonoscillating magnetoresistance background is essentially a
function of only the out-of-plane field component, in contradiction to the
existing theory.Comment: 4 pges, 3 figure
59Co-NMR Knight Shift of Superconducting Three-Layer NaxCoO2.yH2O
The superconducting state of NaxCoO2.yH2O with three CoO2 layers in a unit
cell has been studied by 59Co-NMR. The Knight shift measured for a peak of the
NMR spectra corresponding to the external magnetic field H along one of the
principal directions within the CoO2 plane, exhibits a rapid decrease with
decreasing temperature T below the superconducting transition temperature Tc,
indicating that the spin susceptibility is suppressed in the superconducting
phase, at least, for this field direction. Because differences of the
superconducting properties are rather small between this three-layer
NaxCoO2.yH2O and previously reported NaxCoO2.yH2O with two CoO2 layers within a
unit cell, the present result of the Knight shift studies indicates that the
Cooper pairs of the former system are in the singlet state as in the latter,
for which the spin susceptibility is suppressed for both directions of H
parallel and perpendicular to the CoO2 plane.Comment: 5 page
Primary cutaneous alk positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma in a melanoma patient
Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PCALCL) is a raresubset of CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder, characterized by the presenceof large anaplastic cells, which express CD30, CD2, CD3, CD4, and CD5. A 62 year-old male patient presented to our Institute with a history of a fastgrowing and pinkish-brown asymptomatic cutaneous nodule. His medical past history was positive for a malignant melanoma (MM) of the abdomen (0.7 mm Breslow thickness; pT1a). Histologically the lesion showed a diffuse infiltrate consisting in cohesive sheets of large cells with anaplastic morphology with a kidney-shaped nucleus, also known as hallmark cells. Immunohistochemical studies revealed a CD30 expression, and a positivity to perforin and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). The laboratory and instrumental investigations were all normal and a final diagnosis of PCALCL was made. The patient showed a good response to radiotherapy. Usually PCALCL shares with systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) the presence of neoplastic CD30+ large T cells, but lack ALK translocations and protein expression. However, the detection of ALK expression in PCALCL should be considered highly suspicious of a cutaneous manifestation of an underlying systemic disease (not detected in our patient). We recommend to exclude a systemic involvement in this kind of disease, with a strict follow-up, especially in patients with double malignancies
Large-scale automated identification of mouse brain cells in confocal light sheet microscopy images
Motivation: Recently, confocal light sheet microscopy has enabled high-throughput acquisition of whole mouse brain 3D images at the micron scale resolution. This poses the unprecedented challenge of creating accurate digital maps of the whole set of cells in a brain. Results: We introduce a fast and scalable algorithm for fully automated cell identification. We obtained the whole digital map of Purkinje cells in mouse cerebellum consisting of a set of 3D cell center coordinates. The method is accurate and we estimated an F(1) measure of 0.96 using 56 representative volumes, totaling 1.09 GVoxel and containing 4138 manually annotated soma centers. Availability and implementation: Source code and its documentation are available at http://bcfind.dinfo.unifi.it/. The whole pipeline of methods is implemented in Python and makes use of Pylearn2 and modified parts of Scikit-learn. Brain images are available on request. Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online
3+1 Approach to the Long Wavelength Iteration Scheme
Large-scale inhomogeneities and anisotropies are modeled using the Long
Wavelength Iteration Scheme. In this scheme solutions are obtained as
expansions in spatial gradients, which are taken to be small. It is shown that
the choice of foliation for spacetime can make the iteration scheme more
effective in two respects: (i) the shift vector can be chosen so as to dilute
the effect of anisotropy on the late-time value of the extrinsic curvature of
the spacelike hypersurfaces of the foliation; and (ii) pure gauge solutions
present in a similar calculation using the synchronous gauge vanish when the
spacelike hypersurfaces have extrinsic curvature with constant trace. We
furthermore verify the main conclusion of the synchronous gauge calculation
which is large-scale inhomogeneity decays if the matter--considered to be that
of a perfect-fluid with a barotropic equation of state--violates the
strong-energy condition. Finally, we obtain the solution for the lapse function
and discuss its late-time behaviour. It is found that the lapse function is
well-behaved when the matter violates the strong energy condition.Comment: 21 pages, TeX file, already publishe
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