Analysis of DO sag for Multiple Point Sources

The classical model of Streeter and Phelps for the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is of limited practical importance as itis unable to address the situation when partially treated/untreated waste is discharged in a river through multiplepoints scattered along the river. The Streeter and Phelps model is modified to take into account additional factorslike settleable Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Dispersion. The presented model addresses a practicalsituation where the waste is discharged in a river through multiple point sources that increases the complexity ofcomputation in predicting DO conditions in river. The presented model is applied on a real field data collectedfor the river “Yamuna” along Delhi (Capital of India).Keywords: Mathematical Model, BOD, Water Pollution, MATLAB programming

Sufficient conditions for generalized Sakaguchi type functions of order β

In this paper, we obtain some sufficient conditions for generalized Sakaguchi type function of order β, defined on the open unit disk. Many interesting outcomes of our results are also calculated.Publisher's Versio

Phase noise analysis for a mm-wave VCO configuration

The letter highlights the importance of modelling the phase noise of an oscillator using the impulse sensitivity function. A Colpitts oscillator in the common collector configuration is analyzed to obtain an expression for its phase noise. The oscillator design is thus optimized for phase noise with respect to process and design parameters. The fabricated voltage controlled oscillator at an oscillating frequency of 52.8 GHz has a measured phase noise of -98.9 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1098-2760hb201

Sign-Compatibility of Some Derived Signed Graphs

A signed graph (or sigraph in short) is an ordered pair S = (Su, σ), where Su is a graph G = (V, E), called the underlying graph of S and σ : E → {+1, −1} is a function from the edge set E of Su into the set {+1, −1}, called the signature of S. A sigraph S is sign-compatible if there exists a marking µ of its vertices such that the end vertices of every negative edge receive ‘−1’ marks in µ and no positive edge does so. In this paper, we characterize S such that its ×-line sigraphs, semi-total line sigraphs, semi-total point sigraphs and total sigraphs are sign-compatible

BiCMOS Colpitts oscillator for vector-sum interpolators

PURPOSE : The demand for higher bandwidth has resulted in the development of mm-wave phased array systems. This paper explores a technique that could be used to feed the individual antennas in a mm-wave phased array system with the appropriate phase shifted signal, to achieve required directivity. It presents differential Colpitts oscillators at 5 GHz and 60 GHz that can provide differential output signals to quadrature signal generators in the proposed phase shifter system. APPROACH : The phase shifter system comprises a differential Colpitts voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and utilizes the vector-sum technique to generate the phase shifted signal. The differential VCO is connected in the common-collector configuration for the 5 GHz VCO, and is extended using a cascode transistor for the 60 GHz VCO for better stability at mm-wave. The vector-sum is achieved using a variable gain amplifier (VGA) that combines the in-phase and quadrature phase signal, generated from oscillator output using hybrid Lange couplers. The devices were fabricated using IBM 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS process, and simulations were performed with a process design kit provided by the foundry. FINDINGS : The measured results of the 5 GHz and 60 GHz VCOs indicate that differential Colpitts VCO could generate oscillator output with good phase noise performance. The simulation results of the phase shifter system indicate that generation of signals with phases from 0° to 360° in steps of 22.5° was achieved using the proposed approach. A Gilbert mixer topology was used for the VGA and the linearity was improved by a pre-distortion circuit implemented using an inverse tanh cell. ORIGINALITY / VALUE : The measurement results indicate that differential Colpitts oscillator in common-collector configuration could be used to generate differential VCO signals for the vector-sum phase shifter. The simulation results of the proposed phase shifter system at mm-wave shows that the phase shift could be realised at a total power consumption of 200 mW.http://www.emeraldinsight.com/loi/mihb2016Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineerin

Evaluating NIST Metric for English to Hindi Language Using ManTra Machine Translation Engine

Abstract: Evaluation of MT is required for Indian languages because the same MT is not works in Indian language as in European languages due to the language structure. So, there is a great need to develop appropriate evaluation metric for the Indian language MT. The present research work aims at studying the Evaluation of Machine Translation Evaluation's NIST metric for English to Hindi for tourism domain using the output of ManTra, a translation system. Machine Translation Evaluation has been widely recognized by the Machine Translation community. The main objective of MT is to break the language barrier in a multilingual nation like India

Enhanced One Dimensional Modeling for Predicting Concentration of BOD in rivers

To maintain the river water quality it is necessary to predict the concentration of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in rivers. Various one dimensional models that  are developed so far  are applicable only after complete mixing of the pollutant across the cross-section is over which may take longer time for rivers with large width. Such type of situations is not represented effectively by the existing one dimensional model. Moreover, many of these one dimensional models do not account for the settle able part of BOD that invariably takes place when partially treated/ untreated waste enters these water bodies. A model is developed that is not more complicated than a one dimensional model but rationally predict the transport of BOD causing pollutant in almost 80% of initial period. The presented model can be used in conditions when partially treated/untreated waste is discharged in rivers with large width. Keywords: Mathematical Model, BOD, Water Pollutio

Generalized -Type I Univex Functions in Multiobjective Optimization

A new class of generalized functions (---)-type I univex is introduced for a nonsmooth multiobjective programming problem. Based upon these generalized functions, sufficient optimality conditions are established. Weak, strong, converse, and strict converse duality theorems are also derived for Mond-Weir-type multiobjective dual program