Eco-Friendly and Facile Synthesis of Substituted Imidazoles via Nano Zirconia Catalyzed One-Pot Multicomponent Reaction of Isatin Derivatives with Ammonium Acetate and Substituted Aromatic Aldehydes under Solvent Free Conditions

An eco-friendly and highly efficient approach for the synthesis of substituted imidazoles via nano zirconia catalyzed multicomponent reaction of isatin derivatives with ammonium acetate and aromatic aldehydes under solvent-free conditions has been developed. This approach can be mostly applied to medicinal chemistry due of the simple and readily available starting materials, effortless methodology, and biologically active nature of imidazoles. An additional gain of the suggested technique is the reusability of the nano ZrO2 catalyst

The Theme of Gender Violence in Manjula Padmanabhan’s Play Lights Out

Many Indian women writers have contributed to the development of Indian writing in English and taken it to the respectable position. Manjula Padmanabhan is one of them. She was born in Delhi in 1953. She has spent early years of her life in Europe and Southeast Asia. Later, she returned to India. She is a playwright, journalist, comic strip artist and children's book author. In Indian writing in English, Manjula Padmanabhan emerges as a sensitive writer who aims at the presenting the realistic problems instead of portraying the romantic, fanciful notions. She is one of the Indian woman playwright who attempted to bring a positive behavioural change in women towards themselves as well as society toward women. Her plays are issues oriented and deal with social reality. Thus, her style and content are realistic in a believable manner. Her plays are majorly women centric and thus present their perspective and narrative. Thus, this paper is a study of Manjula Padmanabhan’s Lights Out (2000) in the light of gender insensitivity and violence

Longitudinal distribution of the fish fauna in the river Ganga from Gangotri to Kanpur

Fish fauna of the river Ganga from Gangotri to Kanpur consisted of 140 fish species from 9 orders and 25 families; 63 fish species from 6 orders and 12 families in the mountain section (MS), while 122 species from 9 orders and 25 families in the Plains section (PS) of Upper Ganga. Cypriniformes and Cyprinidae were most species rich order and family in both sections. Forty six fish species primarily Cypriniformes and Siluriformes are common to both sections, only 17 in MS and 76 in PS. Orders Tetradontiformes, Osteoglossiformes and Clupeiformes were present in PS only. The taxonomic richness in the MS was low compared to PS. Probably motility and physiological requirements in respect of tolerance for temperature restrict faunal elements

A Review Of E-Voting System Based on Blockchain Technology

Voting is arguably the most important as well as elementary right in democracy that has existed for the past hundreds of years; it has taken place in the context of a large- and small-scale community. The process transitioned from paper ballots to electronic voting machines (EVM) in the late 20th century, but even with all the advancement, transparency in the election process remained the same. Blockchain technology came in existence in 2008 with the introduction of Bitcoin by Satoshi Nakamoto, and in the last decade we saw enormous growth in development and execution of this technology in various fields e-voting is one of them, blockchain-based e-voting system has potential to improve the election process if utilized to its potential. Blockchain can eliminate the need to print ballot paper as it is secure, immutable and convenient to voters and can make elections more transparent

India's Strategic and Economic Perspective in Maritime Affairs: A New Horizon

The research paper “India’s Strategic and Economic Perspective in Maritime Affairs: A New Horizon” delves into India’s evolving role in the maritime domain, both from a strategic and economic viewpoint. Situated at the crossroads of vital sea lanes and with a vast coastline, India is uniquely positioned to influence maritime affairs. The paper explores India’s multi-dimensional approach to maritime challenges, focusing on the blue economy, regional initiatives, and geopolitical significance. It also examines India’s participation in global platforms like the G20 and its efforts to balance economic development with sustainable practices in the maritime sector. Through a comprehensive analysis, the paper argues that India is at a pivotal juncture, with the potential to shape a new horizon in maritime affairs that could have significant implications for regional stability, global trade, and environmental sustainability

Cyber Crime Convention And Trans Border Criminality

Cyber Crime Convention And Trans Border Criminalit

Numerical simulation of vortex induced vibrations on a circular cylinder at different Reynold’s number

This research investigates the effect of vortex induced vibrations on flow past a circular cylinder for two-dimensional unsteady incompressible flow at different Reynold’s number. The pressure bases steady solver is used for computation along with standard k-ε turbulence model. The change in the lift and drag coefficient with respect to increase in Reynolds number is studied and contours of vorticity are plotted. The pressure distribution on the fixed cylinder for different Reynolds number is also presented. It is found that drag coefficient reduces with the increasing Re and lift coefficient increases up to Reynold’s number 104. Moreover, the pressure difference on the fixed cylinder increases with the increasing Reynold’s number

E-cigarette retailer storefront availability following a nationwide prohibition of e-cigarettes in India: A multicentric compliance assessment

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the availability of retailer storefronts that continued to sell electronic nicotine/non-nicotine delivery systems (ENDS/ENNDS) in India, and characterise such retailers following the promulgation of 2019 Indian Ordinance and Act (Ordinance/Act) that prohibit ENDS/ENNDS nationwide. Methods: Discreet observations were conducted of retailer storefronts across different socioeconomic zones in nine major cities of India (Bengaluru, Chandigarh, Dehradun, Delhi, Indore, Kolkata, Ludhiana, Raipur, and Ranchi) from 28 November 2019 to 22 January 2020 to identify the availability of ENDS/ENNDS (i.e. electronic cigarettes, e-cigarette liquid, e-cigarette accessories, heated tobacco products (HTPs), and HTPs accessories). We report the number and proportion (%) of retailers that sold ENDS/ENNDS. Other characteristics of the retailers are also described, including indirect evaluation of the retailer's awareness of the Ordinance/Act. Results: Of the 199 retailer storefronts visited, 37 (18.6%) sold ENDS/ENNDS and, therefore, did not comply with the Ordinance/Act. The highest availability of non-compliant retailers was in Kolkata (n=26; 83.9%). The majority of the non-compliant retailers were tobacco retailers (n=35; 94.6%), sold e-cigarettes (n=22; 59.5%), and e-cigarette accessories (n=24; 64.9%). Although many of the non-compliant retailers displayed their ENDS/ENNDS products (n=33; 89.2%) and did not feature health warnings related to ENDS/ENNDS (n=32; 86.5%) in the stores, nearly 90% (n=33) were aware of the Ordinance/Act. Conclusions: Despite a nationwide ban, ENDS/ENNDS are still available in major cities in India, and concentrated in a particular city. Indian authorities should focus on law enforcement to ensure that the prohibition is effectively implemented

Evaluation of some plant extracts in management of dry bubble (Verticillium fungicola) disease of white button mushroom [Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach]

The study was undertaken to determine antifungal potentials of some plant extracts against dry bubble (Verticillium fungicola) disease of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Twelve botanicals namely, Allium cepa, A. sativum, Saraca asoca, Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica, Lantana camara, Ocimum sanctum, Solanum lycopersicum (Lycopersicon esculentum), Tagetes erecta, Psidium guajava, Catharanthus roseus and Aparagus racemosus were evaluated in-vitro and in-vivo for their efficacy against both A. bisporus and V. fungicola, causing dry bubble disease of mushroom. The efficacy of botanicals was examined by poison food technique in in-vitro. The percent inhibition produced by botanicals against V. Fungicola recorded in-vitro was; A. cepa (25.87%), A. sativum (24.70%), S. asoca (12.35%), A. vera (22.35%), A. indica (35.11%), L. camara (28.48%), O. sanctum (20.59%), S. lycopersicum (20.34%), T. erecta (14.11%), P. guajava (15.11%), C. roseus (18.11%) and A. racemosus (13.52%). Among these plant extracts, A. indica was found best treatment followed by L. Camara and A. Cepa. Plant extracts showing maximum efficacy against V. fungicola and minimum inhibition against mushroom were further evaluated against V. fungicola infection in mushroom crop room (in-vivo test). In in-vivo test, the polybags which receive A. indica show maximum mean increase in yield (43.46%) over control and exhibited minimum mean disease incidence (27.7%)