Economics of Sugarcane-based Farming System in Western Uttar Pradesh

Amongst 38 farming systems prevalent in the western Uttar Pradesh region, sugarcane–livestock– cereals–fodder has been found the major system being followed by a majority of the farmers. It has been found that sugarcane farmer keeps in general two dairy animals, largely for household milk consumption. The major income source of farmers in the area has been found sugarcane (58 per cent), followed by livestock and cereal crops. The study has revealed that marginal farmers take highest credit, while large farmers take minimum credit. It has also been observed that facility of Kisan Credit Card (KCC) is being availed by only 21 per cent farmers. Farming activity-wise analysis has revealed that sugarcane provides maximum employment, followed by livestock and wheat. In terms of income, the study has observed that a family worker earns Rs 41,270 per year in the study area, which is much lower than that in Punjab (Rs 74,080/year). The study has suggested that a combination of technology, policy and institutional innovations is needed for improvement in productivity and profitability of crops and livestock in the area.Crop Production/Industries,

Economics of Farming Systems in Uttar Pradesh

Farming systems of households in the western Uttar Pradesh have been analyzed based on the primary data collected through a sample of 197 farmers in 2004-05. The sugarcane- based farming system has been found predominant in the study area. Livestock, vegetables, cereals and sugarcane have been observed to be the main sources of farm income. The study has indicated that cross-bred breeding programme has not become popular due to low demand for milk of cross-bred cows. Credit has significant impact on farm income and credit requirement of about 86 per cent farmers is met by the institutional sources. Fragmentations and sub-divisions of landholdings, scarcity of labour, low yield of crops, less reliable markets, scarcity of owned-fund, depleting natural resources, non-availability of good quality seeds and sheds for poultry, etc. have been identified as the major constraints to promote integrated farming system in this area.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Phrasal Monarchy of Choudhary in Indian English Poetry

Arbind Kumar Choudhary is basically a big gun of the literary passages whose racy style of versification, Indianised version of sonnets, phrasal passages, proverbial pigments and uses of various figures of speech glitter like butter for the aster of its nectar. The popularity of his innovative poetic passages persuades a number of his verse-suitors and compels them to abide by his track of versification. Being a game person of the creative groves Arbind Kumar Choudhary tried his best to set the Thames on fire without fear or favour. His immense popularity amidst the creative writers in a short span of his poetic career makes him a poet of high water mark in Indian writing in English. Arbind Kumar Choudhary is really a poet of high water mark in Indian English poetry without mystery

A scavenging model analysis around a large coal-fired power plant in New Delhi with a particular reference to the scavenging action of the monsoonal rains

AbstractThere have been reports in the recent past about the problem of SO2 pollution over India. Some of them have even stated that corrosion of the Acropolis in Athens is now matched by the corrosion of the Taj Mahal in Agra. Mathematical models and experimental analyses have been undertaken to address the problem of SO2 pollution over selected Metropolitan cities in India.An important feature revealed from these model studies is that most urban air quality models in India grossly over predict ambient SO2 levels during the monsoon period. This is because washout calculation are not featured in these models. In this paper we have tried to demonstrate the efficacy of the southwest monsoon rains to a scavenge a soluble pollutant like SO2 from an urban environment. India in general does not face the acid rain threat yet. However, results of rainwater analyses show that low pH of precipitation does occur at isolated pockets downwind of major industries and power plants. In this paper we have determined the extent of acidic deposition in the near field of a large coal-fired power plant in Delhi. SO2 concentration profiles, with and without washout calculations have been shown. Probable periods of the year and the areas within the meteroplition regions of Delhi which could be worst affected by acid impaction have been identified on the basis of the model simulations with mean climatological data. Model computations show that maximum pollution is brought in to the city from this power plant during the month of October. The hourly GLC often exceeds 1000 μg m-3 which is quite a close to the federal standard of 1100 μg m-3; likewise the acid deposition flux is greatest during the month of August and is of the order of 50 μg m-2 s-1 at a downwind distance of 1 km.The nature of the washout coefficient during the monsoon pre and post monsoon periods in relation to the relative importance of the atmospheric variables concerned has been investigated. The role of individual monsoonal showers to scavenge SO2 has been discussed.This is perhaps the first work of its kind from India wherein representative washout coefficients have calculated and subsequently featured as washout effects in an urban air pollution model. Results show that this parameter could be as high as 16.03 × 10-5 s-1 during August and as low as 1.1 × 10-6s-1 in April

Effects of different doses of nitrogen treatments on isoprene emission from Ficus glomerata

In the present investigation on the effect of nitrogen treatments on emission of isoprene from Ficus glomerata has been evaluated. Four sets of plants were treated with following four doses of nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate solution (i) 10 mM (ii) 50 mM (iii) 100 mM (iv) 200 (mM) and control set was designed without any treatment. Nitrogen treated as well as control plants were sampled for isoprene emission using a dynamic flow through enclosure chamber technique and samples were analysed with the help of GC-FID. Isoprene emissions from control, 10 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, and 200 mM nitrogen treated plants were found to be 27.5 ± 4 ?gg-1h-1, 56 ± 6 ?gg-1h-1, 91 ± 11 ?gg-1h-1, 101 ± 10 ?gg-1h-1, and 15 ± 4 ?gg-1h-1 respectively. Lowest isoprene emission (15 ± 4 ?gg-1h-1) was noticed in plants treated with 200 mM nitrogen. Isoprene emissions were found to increase exponentially in plants treated with nitrogen up to 100 mM. Nevertheless, plants treated with 200 mM nitrogen exhibited decrease in emission by 46 per cent, probably on account of nitrite toxicity and reduction in soil pH at high nitrogen dose

A radical approach to promote multiferroic coupling in double perovskites

Double perovskites provide a unique opportunity to induce and control multiferroic behaviors in oxide systems. The appealing possibility to design materials with a strong coupling between the magnetization and the polarization fields may be achieved in this family since these magnetic insulators can present structural self-ordering in the appropriate growth conditions. We have studied the functional properties of La2CoMnO6 and Bi2CoMnO6 epitaxial thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. Cation-ordered La2CoMnO6 films display a magnetic Curie temperature of 250 K while cation-disordered Bi2CoMnO6 films present ferromagnetism up to ~ 800 K. Such high transition temperature for magnetic ordering can be further tuned by varying the strain in the films indicating an important contribution from the structural characteristics of the materials. Our approach might be generalized for other oxide systems. At this end, our results are compared with other multiferroic systems. The roles of various cations, their arrangements and structural effects are further discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 5 fig

Dynamical Structure Factor for the Alternating Heisenberg Chain: A Linked Cluster Calculation

We develop a linked cluster method to calculate the spectral weights of many-particle excitations at zero temperature. The dynamical structure factor is expressed as a sum of exclusive structure factors, each representing contributions from a given set of excited states. A linked cluster technique to obtain high order series expansions for these quantities is discussed. We apply these methods to the alternating Heisenberg chain around the dimerized limit ($\lambda=0$), where complete wavevector and frequency dependent spectral weights for one and two-particle excitations (continuum and bound-states) are obtained. For small to moderate values of the inter-dimer coupling parameter $\lambda$, these lead to extremely accurate calculations of the dynamical structure factors. We also examine the variation of the relative spectral weights of one and two-particle states with bond alternation all the way up to the limit of the uniform chain ($\lambda=1$). In agreement with Schmidt and Uhrig, we find that the spectral weight is dominated by 2-triplet states even at $\lambda=1$, which implies that a description in terms of triplet-pair excitations remains a good quantitative description of the system even for the uniform chain.Comment: 26 pages, 17 figure

Prediction of Particle Size of Ammonium Perchlorate during Pulverisation

Ammonium perchlorate has been pulverised by an impact mill (air classifier mill) to studythe influence of different operating parameters, viz., effect of mill speed, classifier speed, feedrate, and damper opening (suction rate) on the particle size. Further based on the differentgrinding parameters, an empirical equation has been developed and used for the prediction ofparticle size. The experimental results indicate that the values are very close to the predictedones. In addition, particle size distribution has also been studied by applying different modelequations and it has been found that Rosin-Rammler model is the most suitable model for thisoperation

Multiejector CO2 cooling system with evaporative gascooler for a supermarket application in tropical regions

In the present study, the performance of a 33 kW multiejector trans-critical CO2 cooling system is experimentally evaluated for a supermarket application with/without internal heat exchanger and evaporative cooling. In order to enhance the overall performance of the system for tropical regions, the testing is carried out at high ambient temperature (up to 46 °C) with 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm cooling pad thickness arrangements. The experimental results clearly projects that the evaporative cooler capacity reaches a maximum of 10 cm pad thickness. However, a minor improvement is observed in terms of Coefficient of Performance and Power Input Ratio beyond 10 cm pad thickness. Maximum improvement in COP with internal heat exchanger and evaporative cooler is 11% and 40% respectively. On the other hand, a maximum reduction in the system Power Input Ratio with internal heat exchanger and evaporative cooler is 8.5% and 26% respectively. However, a minor enhancement in Coefficient of Performance and Power Input Ratio of 4% and 6% are observed respectively with 15 cm cooling pad thickness. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is carried out with the existing and present experimental study to project the compatibility of an evaporative condenser in the ejector based CO2 cooling system. From the study, it is evident that the evaporative cooling arrangement for the gascooler of the CO2 system is suggested as a potential solution to the supermarket application at a high ambient temperature context. © 2021 Elsevier LtdacceptedVersio