Are nanobiosensors an improved solution for diagnosis of Leishmania?

Leishmaniasis is one of the deadliest neglected tropical diseases affecting 1215 million people worldwide, especially in middle- and low-income countries. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of the disease is important for its adequate management and treatment. Several techniques are available for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Among these, parasitological and immunological tests are most widely used. However, in most cases, the utilized diagnostic techniques are not good enough, showing cross-reactivity and reduced accuracy. In recent years, many new methods have been reported with potential for improved diagnosis. This review focuses on the diagnosis of Leishmania exploring the biosensors and nanotechnology-based options for their detection. New developments including the use of nanomaterials as fluorophores, fluorescence quenchers as reducing agents and as dendrimers for signal improvement and amplification, together with the use of aptamers to replace antibodies are described. Future research opportunities to overcome the current limitations on the available diagnostic approaches are also discussed.This work was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (2010/17.721-4), Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) through the projects M-ERA-NET/0004/2015 (PAIRED) and UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund) funded by national funds, and co-financed Educa tion (FCT/MEC) from national funds and FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT202info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Exploring innovative Leishmaniasis treatment: drug targets from pre-clinical to clinical findings

Leishmaniasis is a group of tropical diseases caused by parasitic protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania. The disease is categorized in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The conventional treatment is complex and can present high toxicity and therapeutic failures. Thus, there is a continuing need to develop new treatments. In this review, we focus on the novel molecules described in the literature with potential leishmanicidal activity, categorizing them in pre-clinical (invitro, invivo), drug repurposing and clinical research.This research was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico for the Scientific grants (CNPq 301964/2019-0 Chamada No. 06/2019, Chamada CNPq No. 01/2019) and Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation, Ministry of Science and Education (FCT/MEC) through the sponsorship of the project M-ERA-NET-0004/2015-PAIRED (strategic fund), co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020. We would like to thank Tiago Branquinho Oliveira for the help provided in drawing Figure 3.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

PROBLEMAS E ESTRATÉGIAS DO PROCESSO DE INCLUSÃO DE ALUNOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA NO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Challenges in the process of inclusion of students with disabilities are still experienced today. In this sense, the identification of problems and potential interventions to improve teaching and access to education are fundamental. The present work aimed to explain the challenges of inclusive education in Brazilian educational institutions and to investigate which didactic and pedagogical attitudes are being implemented in the country. An integrative literature review with descriptive analysis and qualitative approach of articles published between the years 2000 and 2020 was carried out. Articles indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library On-Line-SCIELO, Portal de periódicos da CAPES and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde-LILACS databases were included. Overall, 18 articles met all the inclusion criteria and served as the basis for extracting the information for analysis. As a result, it was found that teachers and educational institutions lacked the capacity to deal with students with special educational needs. Among the problems and difficulties most reported was the lack of preparation of teachers, lack of specific teaching methodologies and lack of adequate physical structures in schools. As strategies for improving the inclusion process, the use of games was highlighted. It is hoped that this study will serve as a mechanism for reflection and awareness for all agents involved in the inclusion of students with disabilities and that it will contribute to the adequacy and improvement of public policies for the qualification of teachers, as well as the adequacy of educational institutions in Brazil.Los retos en el proceso de inclusión de los estudiantes con discapacidades se siguen experimentando hoy en día. En este sentido, la identificación de los problemas y las posibles intervenciones para mejorar la enseñanza y el acceso a la educación son fundamentales. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo explicar los desafíos de la educación inclusiva en las instituciones educativas de Brasil e investigar qué actitudes didácticas y pedagógicas se están implementando en el país. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica integradora con análisis descriptivo y enfoque cualitativo de los artículos publicados entre 2000 y 2020. Se incluyeron artículos indexados en las bases de datos Scientific Electronic Library On-Line-SCIELO, Portal de periódicos da CAPES y Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde-LILACS. En general, 18 artículos cumplieron todos los criterios de inclusión y sirvieron de base para la extracción de información para el análisis. Como resultado, se comprobó que los profesores y los centros educativos carecían de formación para tratar a los alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales. Entre los problemas y dificultades más señalados está la falta de preparación de los profesores, la falta de metodologías de enseñanza específicas y la falta de estructuras físicas adecuadas en las escuelas. Como estrategias para mejorar el proceso de inclusión, se destacó el uso de juegos. Se espera que este estudio sirva como mecanismo de reflexión y sencsibilización para todos los agentes implicados en la inclusión de alumnos con discapacidad y que contribuya a la adecuación y mejora de las políticas públicas de cualificación del profesorado, así como a la adecuación de las instituciones educativas en Brasil.Desafios no processo de inclusão de alunos com deficiência ainda são vivenciados atualmente. Nesse sentido, a identificação de problemas e potenciais intervenções para a melhoria do ensino e acesso à educação são fundamentais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo explanar sobre os desafios da educação inclusiva em instituições de ensino do Brasil e investigar quais atitudes didático pedagógicas estão sendo implantadas no país. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura com análise descritiva e abordagem qualitativa de artigos publicados no período entre os anos 2000 e 2020. Foram incluídos artigos indexados nas bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library On-Line–SCIELO, Portal de periódicos da CAPES e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde–LILACS. No geral, 18 artigos obedeceram a todos os critérios de inclusão e serviram de base para a extração das informações para análise. Como resultado constatou-se que professores e instituições de ensino apresentam falta de capacitação para lidar com alunos com deficiência. Dentre os problemas e dificuldades mais relatados destacou-se o despreparo dos professores, falta de metodologias pedagógicas específicas e carência em estrutura física adequadas nas escolas. Como estratégias para a melhoria do processo de inclusão, destacou-se o uso de jogos. Espera-se que este estudo sirva como mecanismo de reflexão e sensibilização para todos os agentes envolvidos na inclusão de alunos com deficiência e que contribua na adequação e aprimoramento de políticas públicas em prol da qualificação de professores, bem como na adequação das instituições de ensino no Brasil

First records of molluscs naturally infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in Northeastern Brazil, including new global records of natural intermediate hosts

Human neural angiostrongyliasis is an emerging infectious disease caused by nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis. The present study investigated the presence of Angiostrongylus spp. in terrestrial molluscs collected from the following areas in the Metropolitan Region of Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil: Barra dos Coqueiros, Nossa Senhora do Socorro, Sao Cristovao and Aracaju. In total, 703 specimens representing 13 mollusc species were screened for Angiostrongylus spp. Larvae of Angiostrongylus spp. were found in three species. Larvae recovered from Achatina fulica were used for experimental infection in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). For specific identification of nematodes, the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced from both larvae and adults recovered from molluscs and rats, respectively. Infection with A. cantonensis was detected in all municipalities and in the following three host species: Bulimulus tenuissimus, Cyclodontina fasciata (Barra dos Coqueiros), and A. fulica (Aracaju, Nossa Senhora do Socorro and Sao Cristovao). Coinfections were also found with Caenorhabditis sp. and Strongyluris sp. larvae. This is the first study of the helminth fauna associated with the terrestrial malacofauna in Sergipe State, and confirms that these three snail species are involved in the transmission of A. cantonensis in the state. In addition, B. tenuissimus and C. fasciata are newly reported natural hosts of the parasite

High prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral mucosal lesions of patients at the Ambulatory of Oral Diagnosis of the Federal University of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil

The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral carcinogenesis is still controversial as detection rates of the virus in oral cavity reported in the literature varies greatly. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of HPV infection and its genotypes in patients with oral lesions at the Ambulatory of Oral Diagnosis of the Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil. Material and Methods We conducted a molecular study with 21 patients (15 females) aged from two to 83 years with clinically detectable oral lesions. Samples were collected through exfoliation of lesions and HPV-DNA was identified using MY09/11 and GP5+/6+ primers. Genotyping was performed by multiplex PCR. Results Benign, premalignant and malignant lesions were diagnosed by histopathology. HPV was detected in 17 samples. Of these, HPV-6 was detected in 10 samples, HPV-18 in four and HPV-16 in one sample. When samples were categorized by lesion types, HPV was detected in two papilloma cases (2/3), five carcinomas (5/6), one hyperplasia (1/1) and nine dysplasia cases (9/11). Conclusion Unlike other studies in the literature, we reported high occurrence of HPV in oral lesions. Further studies are required to enhance the comprehension of natural history of oral lesions

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Estudo comparativo da patogenicidade e virulência de Entamoeba dispar com amostras de Entamoeba histolytica.

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-13T20:39:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tesesilviopdf.pdf: 27426003 bytes, checksum: 32865ef3d0a04d11fc33d53c737077a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 30Neste trabalho, aspectos da patogenicidade e virulência da cepa ICB-ADO polixênica de Entamoeba dispar foram abordados, visando um melhor conhecimento dos mecanismos de agressão que essa cepa apresenta. Considerada uma espécie não-patogênica, E. dispar tem sido isolada de pacientes brasileiros com colite não disentérica e demonstrado capacidade de ocasionar lesões em animais de experimentação, quando associada à flora da microbiota intestinal de seus hospedeiros. Estudos in vivo utilizando hamsters como modelo experimental, verificaram diferenças na cinética das lesões hepáticas ocasionadas pela cepa ICB-ADO polixênica de E. dispar, diferindo substancialmente do observado para as cepas ICB-EGG e HM1-IMSS de E. histolytica. Apesar de ocasionar lesões extensas após sete dias de inoculação, a cepa ICB-ADO demonstra uma capacidade de lesar mais lentamente os tecidos. Estudos in vitro demonstraram ser a cepa ICB-ADO de E. dispar capaz de ocasionar a destruição e a queda da medida da resistência transepitelial de células MDCK em monocamadas, embora de forma mais lenta e gradual que cepas de E. histolytica. A cepa ICB-ADO polixênica apresentou também uma maior atividade de proteases quando comparada com a cepa HM1-IMSS de E. histolytica, devendo a relação bactérias/amebas ser melhor estudada, objetivando conhecer mais profundamente as alterações que elas causam nos trofozoítos quando em associação