Technological tools as a facilitator for parental/guardian participation in early childhood education

There is a significant need for an intervention to improve student performance in the Brazilian public school system, especially in the State of Rio de Janeiro. A viable option would be enhancing the interactions between home and school. Technology can be used to facilitate the communication between teachers and parents/guardians. Subsequently, further promoting parental/guardian participation in a student’s education. This project intends to study technological tools used to promote teacher and parent/guardian communication and conduct a case study in an elementary school within the Rio de Janeiro public school system. The general purpose of this study is to map out existing technologies, to serve as a road map for future technological aids used in public schools and analyze the current situation within a given school

A farmacopsiquiatria dos antidepressivos: The pharmacopsychiatry of antidepressants

Os fármacos antidepressivos compõem o manejo terapêutico da depressão e inúmeros outros transtornos de origem neuropsiquiátrica. Logo, a ocorrências destes distúrbios tornam viável a aplicação destes, ressaltando ser essencial individualizar o tratamento e compreender a respeito das diversas classes, mecanismo de ação, interação medicamentosa, indicação clinica, grupo de risco e a intoxicação por superdosagem. O seguinte artigo objetivou descrever a respeito das particularidades dos antidepressivos, de modo a compreender sobre seu efeito farmacopsiquiatríco. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura fundamentada nas renomadas plataformas de artigos indexados a respeito do tema. Foram selecionados os estudos que apresentavam relevância clinica para a compreensão do artigo, descartando-se os demais que não respondiam ao objetivo proposto. Na literatura científica estão disponíveis muitas informações pertinentes ao tema, ressaltando a importância deste. Atualmente, se encontram em aplicabilidade diversas classes que são os Inibidores Seletivos da Recaptação de Serotonina (ISRSs), Antidepressivos Tricíclicos (ADTs), Tetracíclicos e os Inibidores da Monoamina Oxidase (IMAO). Cada um destes possui um mecanismo de ação diferente, mas basicamente estes interferem no impulso nervoso de neurotransmissores beneficiando o portador de distúrbios neurocognitivos. Destacando que mesmo com o efeito terapêutico retrógrado, estes já manifestam os efeitos adversos. Logo, é imprescindível analisar qual o tipo e a dose do fármaco para se conduzir o melhor prognóstico do paciente.&nbsp

Lipase-catalysed enantioselective kinetic resolution of rac-lipidic alkynylcarbinols and a C5 synthon thereof via a hydrolysis approach

International audienceLipase-mediated kinetic resolution (LMKR) of three racemic lipidic alkynylcarbinol (LAC) acetates, rac-heptadeca-1,4-diyn-3-yl acetate (rac-2-Ac), rac-heptadeca-1,4,6-triyn-3-yl acetate (rac-3-Ac) and rac-heptadeca-1-yn-3yl acetate (rac-4-Ac), besides the versatile C5 synthon dialkynylcarbinol (DAC) acetate, rac-(triisopropylsilyl)penta-1,4-diyn-3-yl acetate (rac-5), was studied. CAL-B immobilized on acrylic resin was investigated as catalyst on LMKR of rac-2-5-Ac. Fourteen commercial lipases (immobilized and free forms), besides one esterase, were also investigated on the LMKR of rac-5-Ac. After investigation of reaction parameters, optimal conditions were established for each compound, yielding both (R)- and (S)-alcohols in 50 % conversions, enantioselectivities (E) >200 and high e.e. values [(R)-2 and (S)-2-Ac, e.e. >99 %; (R)-3 and (S)-3-Ac, e.e. 98 %; (R)-4 and (S)-4-Ac, e.e. 96 %; (R)-5 and (S)-5-Ac, e.e. >99 %]. Except for rac-5-Ac that had Thermomyces lanuginosus immobilized on immobead-150 as best catalyst, CAL-B was the most efficient lipase on LMKR of rac-2-4-Ac. (S)-Alcohols were obtained by lipase-mediated hydrolysis of (S)-acetate compounds, using CAL-B for (S)-4-Ac (57.5 % yield and e.e. 96 %) and lipase from Candida rugosa for (S)-5-Ac (53 % yield and e.e. >99 %)

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London