Parasitos em amostras fecais de ambiente da Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: uma abordagem em saúde pública

This research aimed to describe the frequency of parasites in stool samples in the environment of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One hundred and five stool samples were collected and processed by the coproparasitological techniques ethyl acetate sedimentation and centrifuge-flotation using saturated sugar solution. Parasites were detected in 81.9% of the samples, hookworm being the most prevalent, followed by Trichuris vulpis. Ascaris sp. eggs were also found. A high level of evolutive forms of parasites with public health risk was found in stool samples of the environment studied. We propose that health education programs, allied to an improvement of human and animal health care, must be employed to reduce the environmental contamination.O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a frequência de parasitos em amostras fecais coletadas no ambiente da Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Cento e cinco amostras foram coletadas e processadas pelas técnicas coproparasitológicas de sedimentação em acetato de etila e centrifugo-flutuação em solução saturada de sacarose. Foi observada positividade em 81.9% das amostras, sendo ancilostomídeo o parasito mais frequente, seguido de Trichuris vulpis. Ovos de Ascaris sp. também foram detectados. Observou-se elevada frequência de parasitos com importância em saúde pública nas fezes recolhidas no ambiente. Programas de educação em saúde, aliados a atenção dos serviços das saúdes humana e animal, devem ser empregados para redução dos níveis de contaminação ambiental

IDENTIFICATION OF CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN A PREVIOUSLY UNAFFECTED AREA BY CONVENTIONAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND CELL-BLOCK FIXATION

After the report of a second case of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in São Bento da Lagoa, Itaipuaçu, in the municipality of Maricá, Rio de Janeiro State, an epidemiological survey was carried out, through active search, totaling 145 dogs. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and rapid chromatographic immunoassay based on dual-path platform (DPP(r)) were used to perform the serological examinations. The parasitological diagnosis of cutaneous fragments was performed by parasitological culture, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. In the serological assessment, 21 dogs were seropositive by IFA, 17 by ELISA, and 11 by DPP(r), with sensitivity of 66.7%, 66.7% and 50%, and specificity of 87.2%, 90.2% and 94%, respectively for each technique. The immunohistochemistry of bone marrow using the cell-block technique presented the best results, with six positive dogs found, three of which tested negative by the other parasitological techniques. Leishmania sp. was isolated by parasitological culture in three dogs. The detection of autochthonous Leishmania infantum in Itaipuaçu, and the high prevalence of seropositive dogs confirm the circulation of this parasite in the study area and alert for the risk of expansion in the State of Rio de Janeiro

IDENTIFICATION OF CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN A PREVIOUSLY UNAFFECTED AREA BY CONVENTIONAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND CELL-BLOCK FIXATION

After the report of a second case of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in São Bento da Lagoa, Itaipuaçu, in the municipality of Maricá, Rio de Janeiro State, an epidemiological survey was carried out, through active search, totaling 145 dogs. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and rapid chromatographic immunoassay based on dual-path platform (DPP(r)) were used to perform the serological examinations. The parasitological diagnosis of cutaneous fragments was performed by parasitological culture, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. In the serological assessment, 21 dogs were seropositive by IFA, 17 by ELISA, and 11 by DPP(r), with sensitivity of 66.7%, 66.7% and 50%, and specificity of 87.2%, 90.2% and 94%, respectively for each technique. The immunohistochemistry of bone marrow using the cell-block technique presented the best results, with six positive dogs found, three of which tested negative by the other parasitological techniques. Leishmania sp. was isolated by parasitological culture in three dogs. The detection of autochthonous Leishmania infantum in Itaipuaçu, and the high prevalence of seropositive dogs confirm the circulation of this parasite in the study area and alert for the risk of expansion in the State of Rio de Janeiro

CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS CASE INVESTIGATION IN THE JACARE REGION OF NITEROI, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

SUMMARY American visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonosis in expansion in Brazil. Dogs are the main urban reservoir. Departing from a case of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in Jacaré, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, an epidemiological canine and entomological study was performed to assess the extension of the disease at the location. Sample was collected around the case and the dogs identified by serological tests (rapid double platform immunochromatographic exams, immunoenzymatic assay/ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence/IFAT). The parasitological diagnosis was performed in animals positive in at least one of these tests. The entomological study was carried out by using light traps and manual collection. The associations between canine variables and outcome (ELISA and IFAT reagents) were assessed by the chi-square test and adjusted by multivariate logistic regression for those associations with p < 0.1 in the bivariate analysis. Seventeen cases of CVL were detected among 110 evaluated dogs (prevalence of 15.5%). Presence of ectoparasites (OR 6.5; 95% CI 1.1-37.4), animals with clinical signs (OR 9.5; 95% CI 1.2-76.6), and previous cases of CVL in the same house (OR 17.9; 95% CI 2.2-147.1) were associated with the outcome. Lutzomyia longipalpiswas not detected. Our results are indicative of an ongoing transmission in the area

Enzyme immunoassay use in the identification of Giardia spp. in Perna perna mussels destined for human consumption

Moluscos bivalves marinhos apresentam importância devido à expansão da maricultura e por serem considerados bioindicadores de poluição ambiental. São capazes de filtrar grandes volumes de água, podendo acumular patógenos de veiculação hídrica, como cistos de Giardia intestinalis, principalmente em brânquias e glândula digestiva. Dessa forma, a ingestão de moluscos crus ou mal cozidos pode ser uma fonte potencial de infecção humana. O presente estudo teve por objetivo a utilização da técnica de imunodiagnóstico (ELISA) para a detecção de cistos de Giardia spp. em tecidos de mexilhões da espécie Perna perna destinados para consumo humano, no litoral do Município de Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Cada amostra foi preparada a partir de um “pool” de 10 animais, totalizando 72 amostras de tecidos de mexilhões Perna perna que foram avaliadas para a presença de Giardia spp. através do teste de ELISA. Para a amostragem foram utilizados somente indivíduos com média de 6 cm de comprimento de valva, tamanho considerado ideal para o consumo. Em cada amostra, os indivíduos foram dissecados sendo utilizado apenas brânquias e glândula digestiva, que foram homogeneizados com o auxílio de um mixer e filtradas para retirada de resíduos grosseiros. A utilização do kit enzimático seguiu as recomendações do fabricante com pequenas modificações. Dentre as 72 amostras utilizadas apenas 22% apresentaram-se positivas para a presença de antígenos de Giardia spp. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados através de colorimetria e por um leitor de placa de ELISA com filtro de 450/630 nm. Com base nos resultados obtidos os autores sugerem que a utilização do kit imunoenzimático é eficiente no diagnóstico da Giardia spp., podendo ser considerada como uma metodologia de triagem para posteriormente serem analisadas por outros métodos de diagnóstico

Estudo de validação comparativo entre as técnicas Elisa e RIFI para diagnosticar Leishmania sp em cães errantes apreendidos no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, Estado do Rio de Janeiro Comparative validation study between the ELISA and RIFI techniques for diagnosing Leishmania sp in stray dogs caught in the municipality of Campos de Goytacazes, State of Rio de Janeiro

Foi realizada uma pesquisa objetivando-se verificar a eficácia do teste ELISA, para detecção de anticorpos contra Leishmania sp em cães, comparando-o com o RIFI, padrão em humanos, e investigar a situação sorológica desta zoonose na microrregião. Os testes tiveram uma concordância de 97,6%, classificada como forte.<br>A survey was carried out aiming to verify the ELISA test effectiveness for detecting antibodies against Leishmania sp in dogs, comparing with RIFI human pattern and for investigating sorological zoonosis situation in the microregion. An accordance about 97.6% considered strong was reported

Association between the turbidity parameter and ELISA for monitoring of Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium sp. e Entamoeba histolytica in samples of fresh waterAssociação entre o parâmetro de turbidez e o ELISA para monitoramento

This study aimed to evaluate the use of turbidity test and ELISA in monitoring the protozoa Giardialamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium sp, in water supply of the Guarani villages in Angra dos Reis (Sapukai) and Paraty (Rio Pequeno, Paraty Mirim, Araponga), RJ. It was collected 24 samples of surface water (raw water) and 24 reservoirs with chlorinated water. Turbidity was measured with portable turbidimeter field and laboratory testing was performed the immunosorbent essay for the test of antigens of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica and Cryptosporidium sp. Out of the 17 positive samples in ELISA, 14 showed high turbidity, considering that three presented positive samples for Cryptosporidium sp., with low turbidity. The results indicate an association of the measurement of turbidity with the use of laboratory techniques in the study of parasites in water.Abstract Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização do teste de turbidez e do ELISA no monitoramento dos protozoários Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium sp. em água de abastecimento de aldeias Guarani em Angra dos Reis (Sapukai) e Paraty (Rio Pequeno, Paraty Mirim, Araponga), RJ. Coletou-se 24 amostras de água dos mananciais superficiais (água bruta) e 24 de reservatórios com água clorada. Mensurou-se a turbidez com turbidimêtro portatil a campo e no laboratório realizou-se o ensaio imunoenzimático para pesquisa dos antígenos de Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica e Cryptosporidium sp. Das 17 amostras positivas, 14 apresentaram alta turbidez, mas destaca-se três amostras positivas para Cryptosporidium sp. com baixa turbidez. Indica-se associação da mensuração da turbidez junto com o uso de técnicas laboratoriais na pesquisa de parasitos em água