Atuação do profissional de educação física para a prevenção e tratamento da osteoporose em idosos / Performance of the physical education professional for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in the elderly

Existe um crescimento no número de idosos acometidos pela a osteoporose em todo o país, desencadeando assim, alterações fisiológicas e psíquicas entre esses indivíduos. É sabido que o exercício físico influencia a manutenção das atividades ósseas normaisalém de ajudar na liberação de hormônios responsáveis pelo bem-estar, por estes motivos vem sendo indicada no tratamento da osteoporose. Objetivou-se verificar na literatura científica a influência do profissional de Educação Física na prevenção e no tratamento da osteoporose em idosos. A presente pesquisa foi sustentada através de revisão de literatura, com a utilização das bases de dado eletrônicas: LILACS, SciELO e PubMed. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: “educação física” and “osteoporose” and“prevenção”and “exercício físico” and “idosos”.Foram incluídos os artigos publicados em língua portuguesa e inglesa, que relacionavam o profissional da Educação Física junto com a prevenção da osteoporose em idosos por meioda atividade física ou exercício físico que estavam disponíveis online. Não foram incluídos artigos de revisão, estudos de validação, monografias, dissertações e teses.A prevenção da osteoporose pode se iniciar a partir da infância, principalmente com hábitos alimentares saudáveis e com a prática de atividade/exercício físico. O efeito indireto doexercício físico sobre o osso efetivado por fatores hormonais compreende a produção de ocitocinas e a liberação de fatores de crescimento pelas células ósseas, com consequente aumento da atividade osteoblástica.Pode-se concluir que o exercício físico é dado como fator importante, tanto na prevenção quanto no tratamento do idoso acometido pela osteoporose, e que ele possui especificidades de acordo com o objetivo a ser alcançado

Detecção de slope streaks em imagens da superfície de Marte

Slope streaks are dark, narrow, fan-shaped features which extend down slope on Martian surface. They often exhibit a low-albedo and are seen in equatorial regions. The nature of slope streaks remains uncertain. On the basis of observed morphologies, two types of models have been proposed: dry mass movement in the form of dust avalanches and wet liquid flow that transport, lubricates or stains the surface material. To date, over 200 new slope streaks have been detected and documented. While many new streaks have been documented, no disappearing streaks had ever been observed. Although there are a considerable number of researchers studying this phenomenon, their detection is still performed manually by specialists. Until the moment, the approaches of automated identification of Martian surface phenomena focus only on craters, valleys and trails of dust devils. In regard, the aim of this paper is to perform initial tests for automatic detection of slope streaks in digital images of the Mars planet. Therefore, were applied in test areas, morphological filtering to eliminate the gradient lighting and then the images were binarized. The results can be used to understand the basic properties of this planet, for example, a cycle of dust, water cycle and climate change in scale of hundreds of years.Pages: 8062-806

Urbanização da área metropolitana de Belo Horizonte - o monitoramento do crescimento urbano através do Sistema de Informações Geográficas SGI/INPE

Using multitemporal MSS and TM/LANDSAT image and aerial photography has been possible to identify the urban expantion of Belo Horizonte Metropolitam Area (BHMA) and the principal growth axes. This monitoring has been done using aerial photo of 1950 and 1967 (this mapping has been developed by PLAMBEL - Bureau of Metropolitan Planning) and using LANDSAT TM and MSS image of 1975, 1980, 1985 and 1990. These data have been digitalized and integrated in the GIS developed by INPE (National Institute os Spatial Research), Brazil. This method has provided important and significant data about urban expantion process of BHMA. It was easy to see and establish, with this study, the urban growth during 40 years (1950 to 1990). As a matter of fact, BHMA had growth more than 700%, or it had an area of almost 80 Sq.Km in 1950 and it had almost 410 Sq.Km in 1990. These data weren't published until this work and they are very important to urban planners.Pages: 41-4

Aplicação de Morfologia Matemática e técnicas de estatísticas na extração de pistas de aeroportos em imagens QuickBird

The aim of the present work is to purpose a routine to feature extraction from digital images using the mathematical morphology theory. This can help to minimize a great deficiency in cartographic updating area, seeing that the cartographic products of Brazil are around 30 years outdated. So, the Sensing Remote Images are contributing to minimize this problem and can be considered as a source of data for studies in many areas, such as the cartography, urban planning, agriculture and environment. Such use can be justified by its rapidity, efficiency, regularity in the attainment of data and low cost. One of the techniques used is mathematical morphology (MM) theory with the aim extracted from the features of interest. The extracted features can be used in conventional processes of cartographic products updating. It was used the toolbox of mathematical morphology developed by SDC Information Systems and that works in MATLAB plataform. In a simple place the Matlab software has attended many requirements in the extracted features. With its were extracted the interest features that can be used in cartographic process updating. The results are presented and analysed. The results obtained are positives and show the potential use of mathematical morphology theory in Cartography.Pages: 8492-849

Utilização de Equações Diferenciais Parciais para detecção de rodovias em imagens de alta resolução

The purpose of this study is to perform segmentation and noise removal in digital images of remote sensing. These images have become increasingly part of everyday life in order, which appear as a strategic tool for the future. The scanned images are used in weather forecasting, forest surveys, oceanographic, urban, agricultural and others. As a direct consequence of technological advances started in the last two decades, the development of theories aimed at a structural analysis of images from a computational point of view using as a tool essentially mathematical foundations. In this sense, the use of Partial Differential Equations in image processing has grown significantly in recent years. The basic idea is to modify a given image, curve or surface with a partial differential equation and obtain the expected results as the solution of this equation. In other words, the use of Partial Differential Equations in image processing, specifically in segmentation and elimination of noise, not only allows the use of good computational algorithms as well as the use of important theoretical results like existence and uniqueness of solution. The model used in this study was to Barcelos and Chen and numerical implementation of the model was performed with MATLAB. The idea of this study is purify the images and keep their main characteristics such as texture and preservation of edges.Pages: 7875-787

Aplicação de Operadores Morfológicos na Detecção de Sombras em imagens QuickBird

We used mathematical morphology and Otsu method in order to detect shadows in high spatial resolution images depicting urban areas. In such scenarios shadows represent an important drawback when extracting information from the scenes. As study areas we used four regions of a Quickbird red band image with 2,5 m of spatial resolution depicting the urban area of Votuporanga. In the first step of the method we filtered the contrast among regional maxima. The contrast criteria was chosen empirically and applied to all scenes. In the second step a morphological top-hat using morphological area closing was carried out in order to enhance shadow areas. Once again, the area criteria adopted when applying the area closing was defined empirically and remained the same for all experiments. Finally, Otsu's method for image binarization was applied to detect the shadows. We show a visual and a quantitative analysis of the results. The mean accuracy of the detection was 91,08% \ub1 0,81. The small standard deviation reflects the robustness of the method which is fully automated.Pages: 8308-831

Statistical Evaluation and Analysis of Road Extraction Methodologies Using a Unique Dataset from Remote Sensing

In the scientific literature, multiple studies address the application of road extraction methodologies to a particular cartographic dataset. However, it is difficult for any study to perform a more reliable comparison among road extraction methodologies when their results come from different cartographic datasets. Therefore, aiming to enable a more reliable comparison among different road extraction methodologies from the scientific literature, this study proposed a statistical evaluation and analysis of road extraction methodologies using a common image dataset. To achieve this goal, we setup a dataset containing remote sensing images of three different road types, highways, cities network and rural paths, and a group of images from the ISPRS (International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing) dataset. Furthermore, three road extraction methodologies were selected from the literature, in accordance with their availability, to be processed and evaluated using well-known statistical metrics. The achieved results are encouraging and indicate that the proposed statistical evaluation and analysis can allow researchers to evaluate and compare road extraction methodologies using this common dataset extracting similar characteristics to obtain a more reliable comparison among them

Geotecnologias aplicadas na evolução do uso da terra na microbacia do Córrego Capivari - Botucatu (SP)

The analysis of the use and covering of the soil, through information obtained by the remote sensing it is of great usefulness in the planning and administration of the ordered occupation and rational of the physical middle, besides it makes possible to evaluate and to monitor areas of preservation of natural vegetation. The work sought to obtain the evolution of the soil use of Stream Capivari watershed - Botucatu (SP), in the period of 44 years, tends as cartographic base: the letter planialtimetric (IBGE, 1969) used in the georreferencing, the vertical aerial photographs of 1962 and the satellite image of 2006. The software CARTALINX was used for conversion of the analogical information for digital and determination of the areas. The soil use showed that the pastures occupied 2/3 of the area. The pastures and the brushwoods represented most of the area of the watershed (91,67%). The aerial pictures and the satellite image allowed the mapping of the soil use, as well as they will be for futures regional plannings. The area is being conserved environmentally, once he comes covered with approximately 31% of forests. The high index of occupation of the soil for pasture (67,88%), it is reflex of the predominance of the regional livestockA análise do uso e cobertura do solo, através de informações obtidas pelo sensoriamento remoto, é de grande utilidade no planejamento e administração da ocupação ordenada e racional do meio físico, além disso possibilita avaliar e monitorar áreas de preservação de vegetação natural. O trabalho visou obter a evolução do uso da terra da microbacia do Córrego Capivari - Botucatu (SP), no período de 44 anos, tendo como base cartográfica: a carta planialtimétrica (IBGE, 1969) utilizada no georreferenciamento, as fotografias aéreas verticais de 1962 e a imagem de satélite de 2006. O software CARTALINX foi utilizado para conversão da informação analógica para digital e determinação das áreas. O uso da terra mostrou que as pastagens ocupavam 2/3 da área. As pastagens e as capoeiras representaram a maior parte da área da microbacia (91,67%). As fotografias aéreas e a imagem de satélite permitiram o mapeamento do uso da terra, bem como servirão para futuros planejamentos regionais. A área vem sendo ambientalmente conservada, uma vez que se apresenta coberta com aproximadamente 31% de matas. O alto índice de ocupação do solo por pastagem (67,88%), é reflexo da predominância da pecuária regional.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Morfologia matemática na extração de bordas de uma imagem IKONOS-2 RGB fusionada

As ferramentas da Morfologia Matemática são utilizadas neste artigo para extração de bordas externas em imagens de alta resolução. Um recorte de uma imagem do satélite IKONOS-2 fusionada, contendo o Lago do Cavouco, no entorno do Campus Joaquim Amazonas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) é usada. Para obter a borda externa do lago, utilizou-se a implementação de dilatação e erosão e operações aritméticas do software SPRING. Comparou-se a extração de borda para cada uma das bandas da imagem RGB, também se comparou a borda obtida pela componente ‘I’ da transformação IHS e com a ‘PC1’ das componentes principais. Obteve-se os momentos, diagrama de dispersão e um perfil das imagens de borda para se comparar quantitativamente os métodos. Observou-se que a ‘PC1’ gera bordas com maior contraste.  Ressalta-se que nesta avaliação não foi tomado valores de limiares e a análise é para borda de uma imagem colorida de alta resolução