82 research outputs found
Microfluidic analysis techniques for safety assessment of pharmaceutical nano- and microsystems
This chapter reviews the evolution of microfabrication methods and materials, applicable to manufacturing of micro total analysis systems (or lab‐on‐a‐chip), from a general perspective. It discusses the possibilities and limitations associated with microfluidic cell culturing, or so called organ‐on‐a‐chip technology, together with selected examples of their exploitation to characterization of pharmaceutical nano‐ and microsystems. Materials selection plays a pivotal role in terms of ensuring the cell adhesion and viability as well as defining the prevailing culture conditions inside the microfluidic channels. The chapter focuses on the hepatic safety assessment of nanoparticles and gives an overview of the development of microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactors that could facilitate examination of the hepatic effects of nanomedicines under physiologically relevant conditions. It also provides an overview of the future prospects regarding system‐level integration possibilities facilitated by microfabrication of miniaturized separation and sample preparation systems as integral parts of microfluidic in vitro models.Non peer reviewe
Applicability of an Interchangeable Platform Truck for Timber Transport in Finland
Finnish timber harvesting changed considerably in the late 1980s and early 1990s. For example, the interaction of machines has become more important. Simultaneously, this has brought forth a new problem: a single grip harvester and a forwarder can act together well in a conventional harvesting system, but it is difficult to join a timber truck to the system. One solution could be the use of interchangeable platforms. We built a simulation model for harvesting with CADmotion software. Furthermore, thirteen stands were generated for use as input-data in the simulation by Pukkala's Conifer Stand Simulator. The time consumption and the productivity of forest machines and trucks were calculated by recently published models. In addition, the delays of machines were simulated.
In Finnish conditions the total productivity of the interchangeable platform truck is lower than that of the conventional truck. The most important reason is the transport of empty platforms between stands. The other reason is that in the conventional system the buffer can be kept appreciably larger than in the interchangeable platform system. Evidently, improvement of the truck does not improve the performance of the whole system. In the so-called hot-logging sequence, extra waiting time decreases the benefit caused by shorter loading time
The Development of Sustainable Forest Management in Northwest Russia (2001-2004). In: Electronic bulletin of the Finnish-Russian Development Programme on Sustainable Forest Management and Conservation of Biological Diversity in Northwest Russia (NWRDP)
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