Studi Sistem Akustik Pada Gereja Katolik Santa Maria Tak Bercela Surabaya

The church is a building that has an image of God\u27s glory so that through space design elements, sacred atmosphere can formone through acoustics. The church has an unique acoustic because the church has two activities, namely speech and music. Santa Maria Tak Bercela Catholic Church Surabaya adjacent to Santa Clara School Surabaya, which at certain hours of the atmosphere will be very crowded church. With the help of Sound Level Meter, the background noise is known and the power of the sound source at this church. Reverberation time is calculated by manually sabine and computerize using program Autodeks Ecotect Analysis 2011. Having in mindthe results of the calculation of reverberation time in the field was 0.79-0.88 seconds, the church should be optimized with the goal of achieving the optimum reverberation time is 1. 4 seconds and the sound proofing leaks, by using materials such as insulation yumen board, glasswoll, acrylic, curtains, glass in sealant, rubber on the doors and closing the door hole

The correlation coefficients among six eDNA sequential samples of the temporal survey.

<p>The correlation coefficients among six eDNA sequential samples of the temporal survey.</p

The schematic drawing of the sampling point for temporal survey and the results.

<p>(a) The schematic drawing of the sampling point for temporal survey conducted at the pier of Maizuru Fisheries Station, Kyoto University. The surface and sea floor water samples were collected at three (A, B, and C) points where the water depth is 4, 6, and 8 m, respectively. (b) The temporal change of observed numbers of <i>C</i>. <i>pacifica</i> in the visual survey and the eDNA concentration in each surface sample. (c) Temporal change in observed numbers of <i>C</i>. <i>pacifica</i> in the visual survey and eDNA concentration in each sea floor sample. Note that the observed numbers of individuals were presented as the average of 10 days and that the same observation data were presented in (b) and (c) for better visibility.</p

The results of the spatial survey.

<p>(a) The estimated abundance of <i>C</i>. <i>pacifica</i> at the day of survey based on the visual survey. (b) The concentration of <i>C</i>. <i>pacifica</i> eDNA at the surface and (c) on the sea floor.</p

The results of the tank experiments.

<p>(a) Time dependent change of eDNA concentration (copies L^-1) in the tank experiment. (b) Relative eDNA concentration, i.e., the concentration at time <i>t</i> divided by the initial concentration in the tank, represents the combined exponential degradation in all three tanks. The exponential regression curve for the eDNA degradation was y = 0.998e^-0.0335x (where x and y mean time in hour and relative DNA concentration at time x, respectively).</p

The comparison between eDNA concentrations of surface and sea floor samples.

<p>The eDNA concentrations in the sea floor were significantly higher than that of surface samples (Wilcoxon signed rank test, <i>P</i> = 0.00051).</p

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults over 80 : outcome and the perception of appropriateness by clinicians

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of clinician perception of inappropriate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) regarding the last out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) encountered in an adult 80 years or older and its relationship to patient outcome. DESIGN: Subanalysis of an international multicenter cross‐sectional survey (REAPPROPRIATE). SETTING: Out‐of‐hospital CPR attempts registered in Europe, Israel, Japan, and the United States in adults 80 years or older. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 611 clinicians of whom 176 (28.8%) were doctors, 123 (20.1%) were nurses, and 312 (51.1%) were emergency medical technicians/paramedics. RESULTS AND MEASUREMENTS: The last CPR attempt among patients 80 years or older was perceived as appropriate by 320 (52.4%) of the clinicians; 178 (29.1%) were uncertain about the appropriateness, and 113 (18.5%) perceived the CPR attempt as inappropriate. The survival to hospital discharge for the “appropriate” subgroup was 8 of 265 (3.0%), 1 of 164 (.6%) in the “uncertain” subgroup, and 2 of 107 (1.9%) in the “inappropriate” subgroup (P = .23); 503 of 564 (89.2%) CPR attempts involved non‐shockable rhythms. CPR attempts in nursing homes accounted for 124 of 590 (21.0%) of the patients and were perceived as appropriate by 44 (35.5%) of the clinicians; 45 (36.3%) were uncertain about the appropriateness; and 35 (28.2%) perceived the CPR attempt as inappropriate. The survival to hospital discharge for the nursing home patients was 0 of 107 (0%); 104 of 111 (93.7%) CPR attempts involved non‐shockable rhythms. Overall, 36 of 543 (6.6%) CPR attempts were undertaken despite a known written do not attempt resuscitation decision; 14 of 36 (38.9%) clinicians considered this appropriate, 9 of 36 (25.0%) were uncertain about its appropriateness, and 13 of 36 (36.1%) considered this inappropriate. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that despite generally poor outcomes for older patients undergoing CPR, many emergency clinicians do not consider these attempts at resuscitation to be inappropriate. A professional and societal debate is urgently needed to ensure that first we do not harm older patients by futile CPR attempts. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:39–45, 201