Raman Spectroscopy - An Analytical Tool for Biologics

Raman Spectroscopy (RS) is a non-invasive technique that analyses biomolecules qualitatively and quantitatively. Raman spectroscopy measures the inelastic scattering of light due to molecular vibrations. It can be applied to liquid, solid, or semi-solid forms of the biological sample reducing the sample preparation measures. The minimal sample preparation and non-invasive nature of Raman Spectroscopy can be applied in developing a Process analytical technology (PAT) tool and as a diagnostic tool. We demonstrated qualitative and quantitative measurements of biologics with Raman spectroscopy through our previous studies. Our results indicate that RS distinguishes various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and a mixture of microbes and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In addition, RS can determine the concentration of viral samples. We aim to optimize and refine Raman spectroscopy sensitivity by developing in-line probes and acoustic devices. Our future works also involve coupling Raman data with machine learning tools for accurate in-line measurements

Role of ‘One Stop Crisis Centre’ in Identifying and Assisting Victims of Violence in an Indian Health Care Setup

Introduction: Cases of female targeted violence often go uncounted in India. To identify the unreported cases of violence, Sukoon was established in 2014 as a hospital-based ‘One Stop Crisis Centre’ (OSCC). Sukoon provides counselling, police assistance and legal aid to the victims. The aim of the present study was to recognize the role of Sukoon in preventing violence against women (VAW) in the region.Methods: Secondary data was extracted from 430 victims who approached Sukoon from August 2014 through January 2017. Data was collected on different variables: age, marital status, nature of violence, medium through which victims approached Sukoon and type of assistance provided. Significance of association of studied factors with the type of assault was investigated using ?2 test.Results: Age of study-victims ranged from 4 to 75 years with a median age of 26 years and mean age of 27.61 years with standard deviation of 10.56 years. Major types of VAW (96.51%) were domestic violence, sexual assault, physical assault and poisoning. The types of violences were significantly associated with victims’ age (?2 =5.76, d.f.=1, p<0.05) and marital status (?2 = 98.23, d.f=4, p<0.001). About 78% of victims were identified from Sukoon through screening and counseling. Around 69% of the cases were resolved directly by Sukoon or through police assistance.Conclusion: The above results indicate a significant role of Sukoon in screening victims of violence and providing them required assistance within the hospital environment in one location. Such centers should be further promoted by the government to address the issues of VAW

Awareness, Practice and Level of Anxiety using Coronavirus Anxiety Scale among the Indian Population regarding COVID -19 Pandemic

Abstract: The most important aspect of Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) involves the circulation of trustworthy and accurate information in the public health interest domain. Strict stringency measures such as nationwide lockdown impacted people's mental health. Hence, this study was planned to assess the knowledge, practice, and anxiety among the Indian population about the ongoing pandemic in the initial phase. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted between August 1, 2020, to October 5, 2020. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale was used to determine dysfunctional anxiety. Results: Among 553 participants, 73.6% had overall good knowledge of COVID-19 with mean correct score of 6.9±1.1. Majority of participants (97%) wore mask regularly, and 93% of respondents regularly washed their hands with soap and water. Only 14 participants scored ?9 on CAS, suggesting probable cases of dysfunctional anxiety associated with the COVID-19 crisis. Conclusion: The knowledge and practices of citizens in a nation reflect their preparedness and ability to deal with a pandemic of such proportion. Good knowledge translates to good practices and therefore reduces anxiety among the population. It is deemed necessary that people's knowledge and habits, including the mental impact, be accessed at periodic intervals to track their adaptation to pandemics over time

Utilization of Stem Cells in Dentistry: A Review

For centuries, scientists have known that certain animals can regenerate missing parts of their bodies. Humans actually share this ability with animals such as starfish which has the ability to regenerate lost arms and can grow an entire new limb. Researchers define stem cells as the clonogenic cells with the capability of self renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and also have the capabilities of generating complex tissues and various organs

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Classification of Spoofing Attack Detection using Deep Learning Algorithms

The spoofing attack detections are mostly used in day to day lives, like payment application, security application, phone password, bank account payment and so many with the advancement of the technology the spoofing attacks and cyber attacks are increasing very fast and with the newer technology the spoofing attack are not easily detected by the photos and videos of the authenticated person. The attacks take the photos of the particular person from the social media or any networking site and use the as the fake photo to hack the person’s credentials and the passwords which may cause the cyber attacks and spoofing attacks. In photo frames and live photo the some temporal features like facial movement like eye movement, mouth movement are very difficult to detect. The main objective of our study is to provide the classification of the Biometric spoofing attack detection using deep learning algorithms. The convolution neural network is used to detect the biometric spoofing attack detection the models which were used for research are MobileNetV2, VGG16, ResNet50, regular CNN model to extract the facial feature and provide the accurate results. The study of the research also explains the classification of the images, computer vision techniques and the image predictions for the spoofing attack detection. The main objective is to identify the spoofing attack detectio

One breath at a time : a feasibility study

Measuring vital signs is crucial in healthcare as they provide essential information about a human body's physiological state. Particularly, the initial months following birth are crucial for the survival and well-being of newborns. Existing methods face challenges such as estimating incorrect respiratory rate values in low-light conditions, the inability to detect shallow breathing, overestimating respiratory values in darker skin tones and the need for contact sensors that may disturb sensitive infants. In this study, we propose a novel video-based respiratory rate estimation method for infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Our method overcomes challenges by utilizing non-contact depth-sensing camera technology, which mitigates the impact of skin pigmentation on measurement accuracy. We conducted a study with 13 infants, recording uninterrupted 4-hour video sessions. We evaluated the algorithm's performance and robustness in various light conditions by analyzing randomly selected videos. We compared the respiratory rate estimated by our depth-sensing camera method with both a nurse practitioner's manually annotated reference respiratory rate and the respiratory rate estimated from red-green-blue (RGB) videos of the infants recorded during the same period as the depth videos. Our results record a bias of 0.125 bpm and a root mean squared difference accuracy of 1.058 bpm. Moreover, our proposed method exhibits a 26% increase in accuracy compared to the RGB camera-based method for respiratory rate estimation in infants. The Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.87 (p < 0.001) indicates a strong correlation, and the intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.77 (95%CI: 0.68 - 0.84 ) demonstrates good reliability. The Bland-Altman analysis of the proposed algorithm shows higher agreement between the values estimated by our developed method and the visually counted respiratory rate than the agreement between the respiratory rate obtained from the impedance sensors and the reference respiratory rate, the agreement between a former EVM-based method, and the respiratory rate estimated during the RGB-camera-based study. Our preliminary study shows that the proposed algorithm can successfully estimate the respiratory rate in the regular clinical care environment.Applied Science, Faculty ofElectrical and Computer Engineering, Department ofGraduat

Preparation of Herbal Products (Brahmi, Ashwagandha and Curcumin) Using Plant Extract to Cure Dementia Patients

Memory Loss (Dementia) and Human health is an important issue in elderly people. No one can stay safe without eating herbal and healthy food. The demand of herbal food product is increasing day by day. product is round shape product that is placed in sweet’s category. There are several type of material that is used for preparation of product. Nutritional and medicinal qualities of product can be enriched by addition of ingredients such as herbal and medicinal plant extract. Herbal inclusion not only gives medicinal qualities but can also give new flavor to the product. Brahmi, Ashwagandha and curcumin is valued herbs are used in ayurveda medicine and such was used and cultivated from long periods in India. It possess therapeutic value against a large number of ailments such as brain/Dementia diseases, asthma, inflammation, arthritis rheumatism, tuberculosis, infections, fever, diseases including cancer. Brahmi, Ashwagandha and curcumin powder was incorporated directly with other ingredients of Product. It is helpful in curing the Dementia disease. It decreases anxiety and boosts mood and also has anti-aging power. The result of the analysis and test show that the incorporation of Brahmi, Ashwagandha and curcumin is found to be most acceptable to obtain herbal product with improved nutritional quality and satisfactory sensory attributes. In present study the efforts are made towards the nourishment of herbal product with herbal extract. All three members of panelist were given average score between 7 to 8 points for flavor, color, body &amp; texture and Overall acceptability and with all parameters and shelf life of herbal product was found 30 days

Does Affect Influence Coping Styles among People from North India During the Pandemic? Implications for Psychological Well-Being

Does affect influence coping styles among people from North India during the COVID pandemic? This study investigates how affective state influences the coping styles of people from North India and to examine its impact on psychological well-being. Coping styles, PA, negative affect, and psychological well-being of the sample (n=220; 105 males (46%) and 115 females (53.5%)) (Mean Age= 30.75) (SD= 15.36 years) were analysed during the pandemic. Coping styles were assessed using the Coping Scale (Hamby, Grych, &amp; Banyard, 2013), psychological well-being was assessed using the Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being (Ryff and Keyes, 1995) and affect was evaluated using The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) (Watson, Clark, &amp; Tellengen, 1988). The findings revealed that coping was positively related to psychological well-being but negatively related to Negative Affect (NA). Positive Affect (PA) was positively related to psychological well-being but negatively related to coping. Additionally, significant differences were seen in the PA and negative affect of males and females. Implications of psychological well-being are further discussed