Antioxidative role of selected herbs against ethanol induced liver injury in rats

The purpose of this study was to know the hepatotoxicity of ethanol in laboratory rats Rattus rattus and to observe the individual and combined phytotherapeutic role of five herbs viz. Arctium lappa, Curcuma longa, Piper longum, Plumbago zeylanica and Terminalia chebula through biochemical and histopathological parameters. Ethanol is commonly used as solvent, pharmaceutical, drugs and alcohol abuse. Lipidperoxidation, glutathione content, urinary hydroxyproline, collagen and histopathological studies showed hepatotoxicity of 1 ml/kg bodyweight dose of ethanol and protective role of 100 mg/kg body weight dose of herbs. Histopathological changes observed in the liver of rats after ethanol treatment showed hepatitis, collagenesis, fatty infiltration, sclerosis, perilobular necrosis, cytoplasmic degeneration, enlarged bile canaliculi, hydropic degeneration, focal necrosis, binucleated hepatocytes and nuclear degeneration. Mild cytoplasmic degeneration, necrosis, collagenesis and hepatocytes regenerations were observed in rats treated with same dose of ethanol and herbal combination.Ethanol treatment decreased the glutathione content, increased tissue malondialdehyde and collagen content, thus causing tissue injury and liver collagenesis. Urinary hydroxyproline level and biochemical parameters also showed the protective role of herbs against ethanol induced toxicity. Herbal combination i. e. 100ml/kg body weight from the mixture of five herbs given orally was found more effective than their individual role. Herbs and plants contain aromatic substances, secondary metabolites, alkaloids and polyphenols which act as antioxidant thus showing protective role

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Schiff Base Cr(III), Mn(III), and Fe(III) Novel Macrocyclic Complexes Derived from Thiocarbohydrazide and Dicarbonyl Compound

M(III) Schiff base macrocyclic complexes of the type [HLMX2] where M = Cr(III), Mn(III), Fe(III) and X = Cl, OAc have been synthesized by condensation of acetylacetone and Thio-carbohydrazide (2:2) in the presence of divalent metal salt in methanolic medium. The complexes have been characterized with the help of elemental analysis, conductance measurements, magnetic measurements and their structural configuration have been determined by various spectroscopic (electronic, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, GCMS) techniques. Electronic and magnetic moments of the complexes indicate that the geometries of the metal centers are octahedral

Solar and artificial ultraviolet-B induced erythrocytes hemolysis with photosensitizers

906-910Aim of this study was to monitor the solar ultraviolet-B intensity and to compare the phototoxic effect of different intensity of natural and artificial ultraviolet-B on human red blood cells in presence of compounds as riboflavin and chloroquine. Photohemolysis of erythrocytes was studied under natural solar radiation and artificial ultraviolet-B radiation of 312 nm. Monitoring of solar ultraviolet-B radiation was performed in Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. Level of solar ultraviolet-B measured show seasonal and altitudinal variations. Monthly average of solar UV-B intensity was minimum in the month of December and January (0.299 mw/cm2) and maximum in the month of July and August (1.027 mw/cm2). Natural solar radiation intensities 0.402 mw/cm2 and 0.824 mw/cm2 of the month of January and June were used in the photohemolysis experiment. Two intensities of artificial UV-B i.e. 0.824 mw/cm2 and a double intensity 1.65 mw/cm2 were also used. Results on human erythrocytes hemolysis indicate that haemolysis was highest i.e. 71% in chloroquine + artificial ultraviolet-B intensity (1.65 mw/cm2) followed by 62% in chloroquine + artificial ultraviolet-B (0.824 mw/cm2) exposed groups and 54% in natural solar radiation intensity 0.824 mw/cm2 + chloroquine. Natural solar UV-B alone caused 17% hemolysis and show dose response relationship.  A difference in phototoxicity was observed in natural solar and artificial UV-B of same intensity. Artificial UV-B was found more toxic. Riboflavin was more phototoxic in presence of solar light, while chloroquine was more phototoxic with artificial UV-B

Recent development of innovative methods for efficient frying technology

Deep-frying is the century-old and the most common cooking process which is still being used to prepare a variety of food products in industrial and domestic scales. Compared to other cooking processes, frying produces some distinctive flavor characteristics, but other undesirable and unacceptable characteristics to consumers are also originated during frying. Researchers have taken various technical approaches for reducing the oil content of fried products without compromising product quality. This review discusses some recently developed frying techniques which could improve the product quality, and advance frying efficiency, to save energy cost. Some modified method of alternative frying technologies used by the researchers are vacuum frying, microwave frying, microwave-assisted vacuum frying, radiant frying, ultrasound treated frying, air frying or their combinations. In this review, we aim to give a detailed insight into some specific aspects of new deep-frying practices and pretreatments for the quality maintenance of fried products highlighting their novelty and efficiency

Synthesis, Physical Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Schiff BaseCr(III), Mn(III) and Fe(III) Complexes

M(III) complexes with Cr, Mn and Fe with Schiff base derived from 2-amino-4-ethyl-5-hydroxy benzaldehyde and oxocarbohydrazide were synthesized and characterized by several techniques using elemental analysis (C, H, N), molar conductance measurements, magnetic measurements, electronic, mass and IR spectral studies. On the bases of these studies, a five coordinated square pyramidal geometry for all these complexes has been proposed and found to be potential antimicrobial agent. The Schiff base ligand and complexes were also tested for their antimicrobial activity (against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus megaterium and the fungi Kluyveromyces fragilis, Rhodotorula rubra, Candida albicans and Trichoderma reesei) to assess their inhibiting potential. An attempt is also made to correlate the antimicrobial activity with geometry of the complexes. All complexes were found to be less active against the pathogens E.coli, S.aureus and P.aeruginosa. Cr(III) complex showed the best antimicrobial activity, but ligand alone was found to be active against the fungus T.reesei

Efficacy of ultrasound treatment in the and removal of pesticide residues from fresh vegetables: a review

Background: Pesticide residues (PR) present in food are potentially toxic components to humans and can be the cause of severe health problems, depending on the means and amounts of individual exposure. Among the different routes of pesticide exposure, the most likely exposure is through the direct consumption of fresh foods. Scope and approach: To remove PR from fresh agricultural products and improve food safety for consumers, various pesticide removal methods have been studied in recent decades. Several cleaning techniques such as usage of surfactants, ozone (O), ionic solvent, and chlorine treatment have been applied to reduce the presence of pesticides. However, none of these methods have been reported as being successful in removing PR without any physical or chemical side effects to the food itself. Therefore, there is a crucial need for investigation of more effective, sustainable, and environment-friendly pest and pesticide removal practices. Key findings and conclusions: Ultrasound-assisted cleaning (UAC) is considered to be an environment-friendly and effective pesticide eliminating process which is unique in its ability to remove the contaminants compared to conventional methods. It is also a time and energy-saving method of cleaning. This review gathers and focuses on the most relevant works on the UAC techniques of organic or inorganic pesticides applied during the growth of fresh vegetables, which are mostly eaten raw or after minimal processing. The findings of the reviewed works suggest that ultrasonication itself would be beneficial as a vegetable-cleaning technology, or could be readily combined with another suitable method

Timing of Cholecystectomy After Moderate and Severe Acute Biliary Pancreatitis

IMPORTANCE Considering the lack of equipoise regarding the timing of cholecystectomy in patients with moderately severe and severe acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP), it is critical to assess this issue.OBJECTIVE To assess the outcomes of early cholecystectomy (EC) in patients with moderately severe and severe ABP.DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study retrospectively analyzed real-life data from the MANCTRA-1 (Compliance With Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines in the Management of Acute Biliary Pancreatitis) data set, assessing 5304 consecutive patients hospitalized between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020, for ABP from 42 countries. A total of 3696 patients who were hospitalized for ABP and underwent cholecystectomy were included in the analysis; of these, 1202 underwent EC, defined as a cholecystectomy performed within 14 days of admission. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality and morbidity. Data analysis was performed from January to February 2023.MAIN OUTCOMES Mortality and morbidity after EC.RESULTS Of the 3696 patients (mean [SD] age, 58.5 [17.8] years; 1907 [51.5%] female) included in the analysis, 1202 (32.5%) underwent EC and 2494 (67.5%) underwent delayed cholecystectomy (DC). Overall, EC presented an increased risk of postoperative mortality (1.4% vs 0.1%, P <.001) and morbidity (7.7% vs 3.7%, P < .001) compared with DC. On the multivariable analysis, moderately severe and severe ABP were associated with increased mortality (odds ratio [OR], 361.46; 95% CI, 2.28-57 212.31; P = .02) and morbidity (OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.35-5.19; P = .005). In patients with moderately severe and severe ABP (n = 108), EC was associated with an increased risk of mortality (16 [15.6%] vs 0 [0%], P < .001), morbidity (30 [30.3%] vs 57 [5.5%], P < .001), bile leakage (2 [2.4%] vs 4 [0.4%], P = .02), and infections (12 [14.6%] vs 4 [0.4%], P < .001) compared with patients with mild ABP who underwent EC. In patients with moderately severe and severe ABP (n = 108), EC was associated with higher mortality (16 [15.6%] vs 2 [1.2%], P < .001), morbidity (30 [30.3%] vs 17 [10.3%], P < .001), and infections (12 [14.6%] vs 2 [1.3%], P < .001) compared with patients with moderately severe and severe ABP who underwent DC. On the multivariable analysis, the patient's age (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02-1.36; P = .03) and American Society of Anesthesiologists score (OR, 5.91; 95% CI, 1.06-32.78; P = .04) were associated with mortality; severe complications of ABP were associated with increased mortality (OR, 50.04; 95% CI, 2.37-1058.01; P = .01) and morbidity (OR, 33.64; 95% CI, 3.19-354.73; P = .003).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study's findings suggest that EC should be considered carefully in patients with moderately severe and severe ABP, as it was associated with increased postoperative mortality and morbidity. However, older and more fragile patients manifesting severe complications related to ABP should most likely not be considered for EC