MYCOBACTERIOSIS IN THE PRACTICE OF PULMONOLOGISTS AND PHTHISIOLOGISTS

Goal of the study: to investigate the frequency of mycobacteriosis in the practice of pulmonologists and phthisiologists.Materials and methods. The analysis included medical files of 156 patients with various non-specific respiratory diseases and tuberculosis who were examined in 2011-2014 and non-tuberculous mycobacteria were found in their sputum.Results of the study. pulmonary mycobacteriosis was diagnosed in 93 (59.6%) patients out of 156 who corresponded the criteria of American Thoracic Society and etiotropic treatment was prescribed. While detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in the other patients was considered as innidiation of respiratory tract by those mycobacteria in case of chronic non-specific pulmonary disease and/or tuberculosis. Mycobacterioses were treated with the relevance to drug susceptibility of the causative agent and there were numerous obstacles due to high frequency of adverse reactions

MEASURES DIRECTED TO PREVENTION OF IMPORTATION AND DISSEMINATION OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS) AT AMURSKAYA PROVINCE TERRITORY

A complex of organizingmethodical, medical preventive and antiepidemic measures both at the frontier passing points and on the whole Amurskaya Province prior to detection of a SARS case in Blagoveshchensk City and from the moment of the disease registration to prevent further dissemination of this infection is represented

Radiogenic Lead with Dominant Content of 208 Pb: New Coolant and Neutron Moderator for Innovative Nuclear Facilities

As a rule materials of small atomic weight (light and heavy water, graphite, and so on) are used as neutron moderators and reflectors. A new very heavy atomic weight moderator is proposed-radiogenic lead consisting mainly of isotope 208 Pb. It is characterized by extremely low neutron radiative capture cross-section (0.23 mbarn for thermal neutrons, i.e., less than that for graphite and deuterium) and highest albedo of thermal neutrons. It is evaluated that the use of radiogenic lead makes it possible to slow down the chain fission reaction on prompt neutrons in a fast reactor. This can increase safety of the fast reactors and reduce as well requirements pertaining to the fuel fabrication technology. Radiogenic lead with high 208 Pb content as a liquid-metal coolant of fast reactors helps to achieve a favorable (negative) reactivity coefficient on coolant temperature. It is noteworthy that radiogenic lead with high 208 Pb content may be extracted from thorium (as well as thorium-uranium) ores without isotope separation. This has been confirmed experimentally by the investigations performed at San Paulo University, Brazil

Дифференциальная диагностика изменений в легких у пациентки с рецидивирующим течением папилломатоза гортани

Clinical observation of multi-cavity lung cancer in a patient with chronic recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis in a 23-year-old patient who underwent annual surgical treatment (papillomatous laser removal) is presented. Pulmonary cavities have been detected and differential diagnosis has been carried out at the annual fluorographic examination. The tactics of surgical intervention is due to the rare occurrence of this pathology, the lack of clinical manifestations and the peculiarities of the radiological picture.Представлено клиническое наблюдение многополостной формы рака легкого у 23-летней пациентки с хронически текущей формой папилломатоза гортани рецидивирующего течения, у которой ежегодно проводилось оперативное лечение заболевания (лазерное удаление папиллом). При ежегодном флюорографическом обследовании выявлены полостные образования в легких, проведена дифференциальная диагностика. Тактика хирургического вмешательства обусловлена редкой встречаемостью подобной патологии, отсутствием клинических проявлений и особенностями рентгенологической картины

Сравнительный анализ характеристик бандажей колёсных пар, закалённых с использованием лазерного и плазменного источника тепла

Lateral wear of the locomotive wheel flange is one of the main types of wear that occurs during rolling stock operation. An important characteristic of a rail wheel rim is its wear resistance, which directly depends on the carbon content in steel. The carbon content in wheel steel of group 2 in the amount of 0,55–0,65 is due to the fact that at its lower concentration, the proportion of grain boundary ferrite increases, which leads to a decrease in the contact strength of wheels, and a higher one leads to a tendency to brittle fracture.The increased carbon content makes it possible to harden the surface of steel. Plasma and laser hardening technologies can be used to reduce tyre flange wear and increase the service life of locomotive wheelsets.The objective of this work is to determine advantages and disadvantages of technologies for laser and plasma hardening of working surfaces of tyres of wheelsets of railway rolling stock.The comparative analysis related to microstructure and microhardness of wheelsets tyres of the 2TE25KM diesel locomotive which are made of wheel steel of group 2 according to GOST 398-2010 state standard and hardened respectively by plasma and laser hardening.The tasks set were solved using theoretical and experimental research methods. The preparation and study of hardened samples was carried out using the equipment of the testing laboratory of LLC Scientific and Technical Association «IRE-Polus».A study referred to hardened zones in various areas and sections of the tyre. Tribological tests concerned wear resistance of specimens hardened with a high-power fiber laser. The main advantages and disadvantages of laser and plasma hardening processes are revealed.The conducted studies allow making a conclusion that the use of laser hardening technology for hardening wheelsets tyres, as an alternative to the plasma hardening process, is highly promising.Боковой износ гребня колёсной пары локомотива является одним из основных видов износа, возникающего при эксплуатации подвижного состава. Важной характеристикой обода железнодорожного колеса является его износостойкость, которая напрямую зависит от содержания углерода в стали. Содержание углерода в колёсной стали 2 в количестве 0,55–0,65 связано с тем, что при его меньшей концентрации увеличивается доля зернограничного феррита, что приводит к снижению контактной прочности колёс, а при большей – приводит к склонности к хрупкому разрушению.Повышенное содержание углерода позволяет осуществить закалку поверхности стали. Для уменьшения износа гребня бандажа и увеличения ресурса колёсных пар локомотивов возможно применение технологий плазменного и лазерного упрочнения.Целью данной работы является определение преимуществ и недостатков технологий лазерного и плазменного упрочнения рабочих поверхностей бандажей колёсных пар железнодорожного подвижного состава.В работе проводится сравнительный анализ микроструктуры и микротвёрдости упрочнённых методом плазменной и лазерной закалки бандажей колёсных пар тепловоза 2ТЭ25КМ, выполненных из колёсной стали 2 ГОСТ 398-2010.Поставленные задачи решались с использованием теоретических и экспериментальных методов исследования.Подготовка и исследование закалённых образцов выполнено на оборудовании испытательной лаборатории ООО НТО «ИРЭ-Полюс».Проведено исследование зон упрочнения в различных областях и участках бандажа. Проведены трибологические испытания на износостойкость образцов, закалённых с использованием высокомощного волоконного лазера. Выявлены основные преимущества и недостатки процессов лазерной и плазменной закалки.Проведённые исследования позволяют сделать вывод о высокой перспективности применения технологии лазерной закалки для упрочнения бандажей колёсных пар как альтернативы процессу плазменного упрочнения

WS2/MoS2 Heterostructures through Thermal Treatment of MoS2 Layers Electrostatically Functionalized with W3S4 Molecular Clusters

The preparation of 2D stacked layers that combine flakes of different nature, gives rise to countless number of heterostructures where new band alignments, defined at the interfaces, control the electronic properties of the system. Among the large family of 2D/2D heterostructures, the one formed by the combination of the most common semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides WS2/MoS2, has awaken great interest due to its photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical properties. Solution as well as dry physical methods have been developed to optimize the synthesis of these heterostructures. Here a suspension of negatively charged MoS2 flakes is mixed with a methanolic solution of a cationic W3S4-core cluster, giving rise to a homogeneous distribution of the clusters over the layers. In a second step, a calcination under N2 of this molecular/2D heterostructure leads to the formation of clean WS2/MoS2 heterostructures where the photoluminescence of both counterparts is quenched, proving an efficient interlayer coupling. Thus, this chemical method combines the advantages of a solution approach (simple, scalable and low-cost) with the good quality interfaces reached by using more complicated traditional physical methods

Грибковая инфекция у больных с бронхообструктивным синдромом

Features of clinical and functional relations of fungal superinfection were studied in patients with the bronchial obstructive syndome (BOS) of following nature: fibrosing alveolitis, bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis. Moreover, the comparison of the effictivity of different methods of antifungal therapy was carried out.345 patients with BOS were investigated. The essential worsening of the basal disease cource was determined in addiction of fungal infection, that is most expressed in functional parameters of respiration.Results of cultural sputum investigation are the most reliable diagnostic critherion of fungal superinfection, while using clinical parameters it is possible only to assume the superinfection.The maximal efficiency of antifungal therapy with antifunctional chemicals in accompany with plasmaferesis was determined. Isolated immunostimulation in its turn leads to fungal invasion mutation in patients with BOS.В работе изучены особенности клинических и функциональных проявлений грибковой суперинфекиии у больных бронхообструктивным синдромом разной природы: фиброзирующими альвеолитами, бронхиальной астмой и хроническим обструктивным бронхитом, а также проведено сравнение эффективности разных методов противогрибковой терапии.Исследовано 345 больных бронхообструктивным синдромом. Установлено существенное отягощение течения основного заболевания при присоединении грибковой инфекции, что наиболее выражено в функциональных показателях дыхания. Наиболее надежными диагностическими критериями грибковой суперинфекции являются результаты культурального исследования мокроты, в то время как по клиническим признакам можно лишь предположить грибковую суперинфекцию.Установлена максимальная эффективность противогрибковой терапии при сочетании антифункциональных химиопрепаратов с плазмаферезом. Изолированная иммуностимуляция же ведет к изменению грибковой инвазии у больных бронхообструктивным синдромом

Assessment of the possibility for large-scale 238Pu production in a VVER-1000 power reactor

The paper presents the estimates for the possibility for large-scale production of 238Pu in the core of a VVER-1000 power reactor. The Np-fraction of minor actinides extracted from transuranic radioactive waste is proposed to be used as the starting material. The irradiation device with NpO2 fuel elements is installed at the reactor core center. The NpO2 fuel lattice pitch is varied and the irradiation device is surrounded by a heavy moderator layer to create the best possible spectral conditions for large-scale production (~ 3 kg/year) of conditioned plutonium with the required isotopic composition (not less than 85% of 238Pu and not more than 2 ppm of 236Pu). Plutonium with such isotopic composition can be used as the thermal source in thermoelectric radioisotope generators and in cardiac pacemakers. It has been demonstrated that the estimated scale of the 238Pu production in a VVER-type power reactor exceeds considerably the existing scale of its production in research reactors