Micro evolution of bitter taste domain drugs

Ayurveda classified the drugs in various ways and one of which the classification is based on Rasa (taste) dominancy. Rasa is essential to identify drugs and to know its therapeutic application. In this study the drug has been selected according to Charaka classification of Tikta Rasa (bitter taste) drugs with an aim to find out the similar characters among all the drugs having bitter Rasa dominancy. Till date there is no data available regarding the pharmacognostical evaluation in concern bitter taste. For the first time selected five bitter drugs are subjected to various pharmacognostical evaluation, result reveals that Organoleptic characters of all five drugs give bitter taste, microscopic evaluation revealed that presence of starch grain, vessels, fiber , brown content are dominant in all five raw drug and all the five powder subjected to alkaloid test by using dragondroff reagent and give positive result for alkaloid

Profile of patients with intellectual disability visiting a tertiary care center in western India

Background:Intellectual disability is commonly associated with variety of etio-pathological and co-morbid conditions influencing outcome of rehabilitative measures. Understanding of these factors helps in better management of disabled condition.Methods:A qualitative retrospective case record review, of patients with intellectual disability, visiting psychiatry department of a tertiary care hospital, within a period of one year, was conducted to assess their epidemiological and clinical profile.Results: Patients with Intellectual disability are brought to the hospital at all ages and commonly by their parents. Etiologically related various peri-natal factors (delayed birth cry and seizures being most common) as well as childhood medical conditions (epilepsy and recurrent respiratory/GI infections being most common) were commonly found in these patients. Milestones are delayed in almost 60-70% of cases whereas various physical and psychiatric conditions commonly co-existed with disability.Conclusion:Clinical profile of these patients demands a comprehensive evaluation and management apart from routine IQ assessment

Reforço sísmico de construções de taipa que utilizam revestimentos reforçados

Dissertação de mestrado em Structural Analysis of Monuments and Historical ConstructionsEarth constructions cover 30% of the total built heritage in the world, some of which are Unesco World Heritage listed. Building in rammed earth consists in compacting layers of moist earth within a formwork to erect walls. Rammed earth constructions are known for presenting high seismic vulnerability, due to their high dead-weight, low mechanical properties (especially very low tensile strength) and poor connections between structural elements. During a seismic event of moderate intensity, the walls tend to fail in their plane and in out-of-plane mechanisms. In South Portugal, the regions of Alentejo and Algarve are seismically active and a significant part of the built heritage is made of rammed earth. The structural vulnerability of rammed earth buildings puts the heritage and the life of their inhabitants at risk. Hence, the mitigation of the aforementioned risks demands the development of adequate interventions for the seismic strengthening of rammed earth constructions. In Peru, coatings reinforced with geomesh have been used for the strengthening of adobe constructions, where this solution has been shown to be highly effective in increasing their bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity under seismic loading. This type of solution can also be applied to rammed earth with the same purpose, nevertheless little investigation has been carried out on its development and validation. Little literature available for conservation principles and structural retrofitting makes it even more challenging. The development of this solution, in this case, needs the investigation of compatible materials and of the characterization of its mechanical behaviour. Proceeding in this way will make possible to create bases for proper design, namely with respect to the development of numerical tools. In this context, the main objective of this dissertation is to contribute for the development of the knowledge on the strengthening of rammed earth walls by means of reinforced coatings. The proposed objective integrates the following methodology: a) literature review on rammed earth construction, namely focused on their seismic behaviour and intervention approaches, and on the strengthening of masonry with reinforced coatings; b) proposal of an approach for strengthening rammed earth constructions with reinforced coatings within the international principles and guidelines for heritage conservation; c) execution of an experimental program dedicated to the characterization of the behaviour of the solution (individual materials and interaction). The experiments were carried out in the structural laboratory of University of Minho, followed by evaluating the results and discussing the findings.A construção em terra cobre 30% de todo o património construído no Mundo, onde se inclui alguns sítios listados como património Mundial pela Unesco. Construir em taipa consiste em compactar camadas de terra húmida no interior de um molde para erguer paredes. As construções em taipa são conhecidas por apresentarem elevada vulnerabilidade sísmica, devido ao seu elevado peso próprio, propriedades mecânicas baixas (especialmente uma resistência à tração muito baixa) e fracas ligações entre elementos estruturais. Durante um evento sísmico de intensidade moderada, as paredes de tendem a romper no seu plano e através de mecanismos de rotura para fora do plano. No Sul de Portugal, o Alentejo e o Algarve são regiões sismicamente ativas, onde uma parte importante do património construído é de taipa. A vulnerabilidade sísmica das construções em taipa põe em risco a sua preservação e a vida dos seus moradores. Assim, a mitigação destes riscos exige o desenvolvimento soluções de reforço sísmico adequadas para construções de taipa. No Perú, têm sido utilizados rebocos armados com geomalhas no reforço de construções de adobe, onde esta solução tem demonstrado enorme eficiência no melhoramento da capacidade resistente e da capacidade de dissipar energia da ação sísmica. Este tipo de solução pode ser aplicado com o mesmo objetivo, porém tem sido desenvolvida pouca investigação sobre o desenvolvimento e validação da técnica. A pouca bibliografia existente sobre princípios de conservação e reforço estrutural, tornam esta tarefa ainda mais difícil. Neste caso, o desenvolvimento desta solução requer a investigação de materiais compatíveis e da caracterização do comportamento mecânico. Através desta abordagem, tornar-se-á possível criar bases para dimensionamento, nomeadamente no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de ferramentas numéricas. Neste contexto, o principal objetivo desta dissertação é contribuir para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento sobre o reforço de paredes de taipa com rebocos armados. O objetivo proposto será conseguido seguindo a metodologia seguinte: a) revisão bibliográfica sobre construções em taipa, nomeadamente focada no seu comportamento sísmico e abordagens de intervenção, bem como no reforço de alvenaria com rebocos armados; b) proposta de uma abordagem o reforço sísmico de construções de taipa com rebocos armados, seguindo princípios e recomendações internacionais para a conservação do património; c) execução de um programa experimental dedicado à caracterização do comportamento da solução (dos materiais individuais e da sua interação). T Os ensaios foram realizados no laboratório de estruturas da Universidade do Minho, seguindo-se a análise e discussão dos resultados

Centromere Chromatin Dynamics at a Glance

The centromere is a specialized DNA locus that ensures the faithful segregation of chromosomes during cell division. It does so by directing the assembly of an essential proteinaceous structure called the kinetochore. The centromere identity is primarily epigenetically defined by a nucleosome containing an H3 variant called CENP-A as well as by the interplay of several factors such as differential chromatin organization driven by CENP-A and H2A.Z, centromere-associated proteins, and post-translational modifications. At the centromere, CENP-A is not just a driving force for kinetochore assembly but also modifies the structural and dynamic properties of the centromeric chromatin, resulting in a distinctive chromatin organization. An additional level of regulation of the centromeric chromatin conformation is provided by post-translational modifications of the histones in the CENP-A nucleosomes. Further, H2A.Z is present in the regions flanking the centromere for heterochromatinization. In this review, we focus on the above-mentioned factors to describe how they contribute to the organization of the centromeric chromatin: CENP-A at the core centromere, post-translational modifications that decorate CENP-A, and the variant H2A.Z

An Empirical study on availability of Health Care Services in Zarol village as per the Indian Public Health Standards

An Empirical study on the topic of an availability of Health care services in Zarol village as per the Indian Public Health Standards has been undertaken with the main objective to find out the prevailing gap between expected health standards and actual Indian Public health standards. The study was descriptive in nature. A sample of 80 respondents were undertaken for survey. Data were collected through structured closed ended questionnaire by using Non-probability convenience sampling method through personally interviewing the respondents. The analysis was done by using various tests in SPSS. The Service Quality Dimensions were used to measure the Service Quality Assurance of Public Health care services.

An Empirical study on availability of Health Care Services in Zarol village as per the Indian Public Health Standards

An Empirical study on the topic of an availability of Health care services in Zarol village as per the Indian Public Health Standards has been undertaken with the main objective to find out the prevailing gap between expected health standards and actual Indian Public health standards. The study was descriptive in nature. A sample of 80 respondents were undertaken for survey. Data were collected through structured closed ended questionnaire by using Non-probability convenience sampling method through personally interviewing the respondents. The analysis was done by using various tests in SPSS. The Service Quality Dimensions were used to measure the Service Quality Assurance of Public Health care services.

Bisphosphonates: An update to the general dentist

Bisphosphonates (BP), included under host modulation therapy are drugs that inhibit bone resorption and commonly prescribed to prevent skeletal related changes in malignant diseases of bone and bone diseases such as osteoporosis. The sudden rise of this group of drugs is unfortunately because of the serious complication of osteonecrosis of jaws called Bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of jaws which leads to many dental related complications. This literature review is undertaken to review the general recommendations to the dentist and clinical implications of BP′s. The implications of BP′s use in dentistry are still being determined

A comparative study on different market samples and standard samples of Shalaparni through physicochemical methods and near infrared spectroscopy

Dashmoolais one of the most important groups explained in Mishrakagana. One of which, Shalaparni is a potent drug used single as well as in various formulations mentioned in classics. Adulteration in Dashmoolaplants is a very big issue now days and this is because of the lack of availability of the original drugs. In this study market samples of Shalaparni (Desmodium gangeticum DC.) collected from the different part of India; compared with the standard Shalaparni authenticated sample which was collected from the natural source; by using physicochemical parameter and near infrared spectroscopy. Results were statistically processed by PCA. The results show that there is no similarity found outbetween the standard drug and market samples of Shalaparni which were collected from different regions of India. The market samples were observed for different adulterated material having poor quality