Industry choice by young entrepreneurs in different country settings: The role of human and financial capital

Entrepreneurial entry happens as a consequence of a general choice of an individual to become an entrepreneur. While most entrepreneurial entry studies rarely consider an entry into a particular industry to be an aspect of entrepreneurial decision making process, we address this issue taking into account individual, industrial, and country specific attributes. Using data from the Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students' Survey (2013-2014) on young and active entrepreneurs and extending it with objective indicators derived from World Bank, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, and International Property Rights Index datasets, we investigate how various factors influence entrepreneurial industry choice on an aggregated level of industrial typology: knowledge-intensive and capital-intensive industries. Drawing on the RBV and contingency approach, we link an industry choice with the level of human capital development and an access to financial capital and test for possible country-specific moderation effects. Our findings indicate that both types of capital have a significant impact on industry choice by young nascent entrepreneur. Our results also suggest that specific country environment serves as a moderator in this relationship. Thus, our study contributes to entrepreneurial entry research stream extending the understanding of entrepreneurial entry decision making nuances relate to individual access to resources and both industry- and country-level contingencies.Research has been conducted with financial support from Russian Science Foundation grant (project No. 14-18-01093

Hierarchical accumulation of RyR post-translational modifications drives disease progression in dystrophic cardiomyopathy

Aims Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscle disease with serious cardiac complications. Changes in Ca2+ homeostasis and oxidative stress were recently associated with cardiac deterioration, but the cellular pathophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. We investigated whether the activity of ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ release channels is affected, whether changes in function are cause or consequence and which post-translational modifications drive disease progression. Methods and results Electrophysiological, imaging, and biochemical techniques were used to study RyRs in cardiomyocytes from mdx mice, an animal model of DMD. Young mdx mice show no changes in cardiac performance, but do so after ∼8 months. Nevertheless, myocytes from mdx pups exhibited exaggerated Ca2+ responses to mechanical stress and ‘hypersensitive' excitation-contraction coupling, hallmarks of increased RyR Ca2+ sensitivity. Both were normalized by antioxidants, inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidase and CaMKII, but not by NO synthases and PKA antagonists. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load and leak were unchanged in young mdx mice. However, by the age of 4-5 months and in senescence, leak was increased and load was reduced, indicating disease progression. By this age, all pharmacological interventions listed above normalized Ca2+ signals and corrected changes in ECC, Ca2+ load, and leak. Conclusion Our findings suggest that increased RyR Ca2+ sensitivity precedes and presumably drives the progression of dystrophic cardiomyopathy, with oxidative stress initiating its development. RyR oxidation followed by phosphorylation, first by CaMKII and later by PKA, synergistically contributes to cardiac deterioratio

Three-loop verification of a new algorithm for the calculation of a β\beta-function in supersymmetric theories regularized by higher derivatives for the case of N=1{\cal N}=1 SQED

We verify a recently proposed method for obtaining a $\beta$-function of ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric gauge theories regularized by higher derivatives by an explicit calculation. According to this method, a $\beta$-function can be found by calculating specially modified vacuum supergraphs instead of a much larger number of the two-point superdiagrams. The result is produced in the form of a certain integral of double total derivatives with respect to the loop momenta. Here we compare the results obtained for the three-loop $\beta$-function of ${\cal N}=1$ SQED in the general $\xi$-gauge with the help of this method and with the help of the standard calculation. Their coincidence confirms the correctness of the new method and the general argumentation used for its derivation. Also we verify that in the considered approximation the NSVZ relation is valid for the renormalization group functions defined in terms of the bare coupling constant and for the ones defined in terms of the renormalized coupling constant in the HD+MSL scheme, both its sides being gauge-independent.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures; title changed, minor corrections; the final version to appear in Nuclear Physics

Identification of risk factors, assessment of management tactics and outcomes of pelvic inflammatory diseases in modern conditions of a large metropolis

The purpose of the study was to identify risk factors and outcomes of pelvic inflammatory diseases in patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Emergency Gynecology №1.Цель исследования – выявление факторов риска и исходов ВЗОМТ у пациенток, находившихся на госпитализации в отделении неотложной гинекологии №1 ГКБ №40 города Екатеринбурга

High riverine CO2 emissions at the permafrost boundary of Western Siberia

Acknowledgements: The study was part of the JPI Climate initiative, financially supported by VR (the Swedish Research Council) grant no. 325-2014-6898 to J.K. Additional funding from RNF (RSCF) grant no. 18-17-00237, RFBR grant no. 17-55-16008 and RF Federal Target Program RFMEFI58717X0036 ‘Kolmogorov’ to O.S.P. and S.N.K. as well as NERC grant no. NE/M019896/1 to C.S. is acknowledged. The authors thank A. Sorochinskiy and A. Lim for assistance in the field, as well as M. Myrstener, M. Klaus and S. Monteux for advice on data analysis. L. Kovaleva is acknowledged for artwork.Peer reviewedPostprin

Полиморфизм гена APOA5 у пациентов с первичной гиперлипидемией

Aim. To study APOA5 genetic polymorphism in Caucasoid patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.Methods. Sample of patient with familial hypercholesterolemia (43 unrelated Caucasoid persons) was formed using Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Criteria. Targeted sequencing of genome DNA was performed by NimbleGen SeqCap EZ Choice kit on pyrosequencer Roche Junior GS (Roche, Switzerland).Results. In patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, 8 substitutions were identified in the APOA5 gene: rs2075291, rs3135506, rs2072560, rs2266788, rs3135507, rs34089864, rs619054, and rs651821, that are known to be associated with dyslipidemia. One novel substitution Ala169Asp was found. It is responsible for changing the charge of a domain for lipid droplets binding in the APOA5 protein. There were no differences in the frequencies of the ApoA5*2 intragenic haplotype, which has been recently reported to be associated with an increased triglyceride levels in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and the population.Conclusion. Genetic variants ofAPOA5, common in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, may be involved in the formation of the pathological phenotype of dyslipidemia. However, a more accurate assessment oftheir contribution is required to differentiate patients with familial hypercholesterolemia according to their triglycerides level.Цель. Анализ генетического полиморфизма гена APOA5 среди пациентов европеоидного происхождения с семейной гиперхолестеринемией.Материалы и методы. Выборка из 43 неродственных пациентов европеоидного происхождения с семейной гиперхолестеринемией (СГХС) сформирована с использованием диагностического критерия DutchLipidClinicNetwork. Таргетное секвени-рование геномной ДНК выполнено с помощью набора NimbleGenSeqCapEZChoicekit на пиросеквенаторе RocheJuniorGS (Roche, Швейцария).Результаты. У пациентов с СГХС выявлены восемь замен в гене APOA5 - rs2075291, rs3135506, rs2072560, rs2266788, rs3135507, rs34089864, rs619054, rs651821, -для которых ранее показана ассоциация с дислипидемией, а также одна ранее не описанная замена Ala169Asp, которая может менять заряд сайта связывания белка с липидными каплями в гепатоцитах. Не выявлено различий в частоте внутригенного гаплотипа ApoA5*2, для которого ранее показана ассоциация с повышенным уровнем триглицеридов, между пациентами c СГХС и популяцией.Заключение. Генетические варианты APOA5, распространенные у пациентов с СГХС, могут участвовать в формировании патологического фенотипа дислипидемии, однако для более точной оценки их вклада целесообразно проводить дифференциацию пациентов с СГХС по уровню триглицеридов

To the question of assessing the performance of tuberculosis prevention among the adults

The purpose of the study is assessment of the awareness of the pre-retirement and retirement generation of citizens of the Russian Federation about the problem of tuberculosis infection.Цель исследования – оценка осведомленности предпенсионного и пенсионного поколения граждан РФ о проблеме туберкулезной инфекции

Assessment of awareness of school children about HIV prevention

The purpose of the study is raising awareness of school-age children about the problem of HIV infection.Цель исследования – повышение осведомленности детей школьного возраста о проблеме ВИЧ-инфекции