Angular dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance parameters of [Ti/FeNi]6/Ti/Cu/Ti/[FeNi/Ti]6 nanostructured multilayered elements in the wide frequency range

Magnetically soft [Ti(6)/FeNi(50)]6/Ti(6)/Cu(500)/Ti(6)/[FeNi(50)/Ti(6)]6 nanostructured multilayered elements were deposited by rf-sputtering technique in the shape of elongated stripes. The easy magnetization axis was oriented along the short size of the stripe using deposition in the external magnetic field. Such configuration is important for the development of small magnetic field sensors employing giant magnetoimpedance effect (GMI) for different applications. Microwave absorption of electromagnetic radiation was experimentally and theoretically studied in order to provide an as complete as possible high frequency characterization. The conductor-backed coplanar line was used for microwave properties investigation. The medialization for the precession of the magnetization vector in the uniformly magnetized GMI element was done on the basis of the Landau–Lifshitz equation with a dissipative Bloch–Bloembergen term. We applied the method of the complex amplitude for the analysis of the rotation of the ferromagnetic GMI element in the external magnetic field. The calculated and experimental dependences for the amplitudes of the imaginary part of the magnetic susceptibility tensor x-component and magnetoabsorption related to different angles show a good agreement. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 18-19-00090Funding: This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 18-19-00090

Container traffic: East African case

The article reveals the historical features of foreign trade and its transport support in the East African region. In the course of the study an analysis of the export-import cargo flows structure in East Africa both in the colonial period and at the present time has been carried out. The region infrastructure facilities, including seaports, have been considered, their attractiveness for investments and doing business has been taken into account. The current level of container line service for providing the foreign economic transactions transport component has been shown and the main East African ports by level of line service and container turnover have been identified. The main problems and opportunities for increasing East African trade supplies and their logistics services have been revealed

Bushes of Nonlinear Normal Modes in Single-Layer Graphene

In-plane vibrations in uniformly stretched single-layer graphene (space group P6mm), which are described by the Rosenberg nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) and their bushes, are studied with the aid of group-theoretical methods developed by authors in some earlier papers. It was found that only 4 symmetry-determined NNMs (one-dimensional bushes), as well as 14 two-dimensional bushes are possible in graphene. They are exact solutions to the dynamical equations of this two-dimensional crystal. The verification of group-theoretical results with the aid of ab initio simulations based on density functional theory is discussed

Functional and genomic analyses of α-solenoid proteins

{alpha}-solenoids are flexible protein structural domains formed by ensembles of alpha-helical repeats (Armadillo and HEAT repeats among others). While homology can be used to detect many of these repeats, some {alpha}-solenoids have very little sequence homology to proteins of known structure and we expect that many remain undetected. We previously developed a method for detection of {alpha}-helical repeats based on a neural network trained on a dataset of protein structures. Here we improved the detection algorithm and updated the training dataset using recently solved structures of {alpha}-solenoids. Unexpectedly, we identified occurrences of {alpha}-solenoids in solved protein structures that escaped attention, for example within the core of the catalytic subunit of PI3KC. Our results expand the current set of known {alpha}-solenoids. Application of our tool to the protein universe allowed us to detect their significant enrichment in proteins interacting with many proteins, confirming that {alpha}-solenoids are generally involved in protein-protein interactions. We then studied the taxonomic distribution of {alpha}-solenoids to discuss an evolutionary scenario for the emergence of this type of domain, speculating that {alpha}-solenoids have emerged in multiple taxa in independent events by convergent evolution. We observe a higher rate of {alpha}-solenoids in eukaryotic genomes and in some prokaryotic families, such as Cyanobacteria and Planctomycetes, which could be associated to increased cellular complexity. The method is available at http://cbdm.mdc-berlin.de/~ard2/

Regularized reconstruction in quantitative SPECT using CT side information from hybrid imaging

A penalized-likelihood (PL) SPECT reconstruction method using a modified regularizer that accounts for anatomical boundary side information was implemented to achieve accurate estimates of both the total target activity and the activity distribution within targets. In both simulations and experimental I-131 phantom studies, reconstructions from (1) penalized likelihood employing CT-side information-based regularization (PL-CT), (2) penalized likelihood with edge preserving regularization (no CT) and (3) penalized likelihood with conventional spatially invariant quadratic regularization (no CT) were compared with (4) ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM), which is the iterative algorithm conventionally used in clinics for quantitative SPECT. Evaluations included phantom studies with perfect and imperfect side information and studies with uniform and non-uniform activity distributions in the target. For targets with uniform activity, the PL-CT images and profiles were closest to the 'truth', avoided the edge offshoots evident with OSEM and minimized the blurring across boundaries evident with regularization without CT information. Apart from visual comparison, reconstruction accuracy was evaluated using the bias and standard deviation (STD) of the total target activity estimate and the root mean square error (RMSE) of the activity distribution within the target. PL-CT reconstruction reduced both bias and RMSE compared with regularization without side information. When compared with unregularized OSEM, PL-CT reduced RMSE and STD while bias was comparable. For targets with non-uniform activity, these improvements with PL-CT were observed only when the change in activity was matched by a change in the anatomical image and the corresponding inner boundary was also used to control the regularization. In summary, the present work demonstrates the potential of using CT side information to obtain improved estimates of the activity distribution in targets without sacrificing the accuracy of total target activity estimation. The method is best suited for data acquired on hybrid systems where SPECT-CT misregistration is minimized. To demonstrate clinical application, the PL reconstruction with CT-based regularization was applied to data from a patient who underwent SPECT/CT imaging for tumor dosimetry following I-131 radioimmunotherapy.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/85409/1/pmb10_9_007.pd

Difficulties of succession pipeline in large industrial enterprises of Nizhny Tagil in studies of tendencies of competitiveness of higher technical education

There have been significant changes in the higher education system in Russia recently. The possibility to apply for post-secondary education to several universities according to the results of the Unified State Examination (USE) and the transition to the two-level structure of higher education have significantly changed the landscape of competitiveness not only between individual universities, but also between large cities, which have become centers of mass attraction of applicants and young specialists. The number of students studying federally funded has been decreasing over the years. As a result, regional universities suffer a shortage of applicants, while local industrial enterprises suffer a shortage of young qualified personnel. The described problems are fully demonstrated in the system of higher education and training of young engineering personnel for large industrial enterprises in Nizhny Tagil. The article reviews the results of the study on the motivational field of academic migration of young people from the Nizhny Tagil city, conducted in February-March 2020. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Penning Spectroscopy and Structure of Acetylene Oligomers in He Nanodroplets

Embedded atoms or molecules in a photoexcited He nanodroplet are well-known to be ionized through inter-atomic relaxation in a Penning process. In this work, we investigate the Penning ionization of acetylene oligomers occurring from the photoexcitation bands of He nanodroplets. In close analogy to conventional Penning electron spectroscopy by thermal atomic collisions, the n = 2 photoexcitation band plays the role of the metastable atomic $1s2s$ $^{3,1}S$ He$^\ast$. This facilitates electron spectroscopy of acetylene aggregates in the sub-kelvin He environment, providing the following insight into their structure: The molecules in the dopant cluster are loosely bound van der Waals complexes rather than forming covalent compounds. In addition, this work reveals a Penning process stemming from the n = 4 band where charge-transfer from autoionized He in the droplets is known to be the dominant relaxation channel. This allows for excited states of the remnant dopant oligomer Penning-ions to be studied. Hence, we demonstrate Penning ionization electron spectroscopy of doped droplets as an effective technique for investigating dopant oligomers which are easily formed by attachment to the host cluster.Comment: 22 pages, 1 png figure, 4 postscript figure