6,104 research outputs found
Chiral symmetry breaking, instantons and the ultimate quenched calculation
We calculate the spectral density of the Dirac operator over an ensemble of
configurations composed of overlapping instantons and anti-instantons. We find
evidence that the spectral density diverges in the limit of small eigenvalues.
This indicates the breaking of chiral symmetry and also provides evidence that
quenched QCD may be pathological in nature.Comment: LATTICE98(confine
Links in the Knowledge Journey of an Idea to Innovation: A Study in the Context of Development of Customized Cartons
This paper identifies and analyses the links in the knowledge journey of an idea to innovation. It tracks the links in the development of customized cartons for packaging tomatoes. The trigger points for the innovation, the milestones crossed by the innovator, the interaction with agencies and actors in the environment, the interests and responses of the agencies and the actors, and the final outcomes were identified. Based on analysis, it conceptualises a model of knowledge journey and develops suggestions for innovators and innovation associates. The suggestions are in the areas of responding to innovation triggering points, learning and leveraging on what is possible and happening, adapting to the constraints of the innovation associates and building flexible systems and structures.
Acoustic Echo and Noise Cancellation System for Hand-Free Telecommunication using Variable Step Size Algorithms
In this paper, acoustic echo cancellation with doubletalk detection system is implemented for a hand-free telecommunication system using Matlab. Here adaptive noise canceller with blind source separation (ANC-BSS) system is proposed to remove both background noise and far-end speaker echo signal in presence of double-talk. During the absence of double-talk, far-end speaker echo signal is cancelled by adaptive echo canceller. Both adaptive noise canceller and adaptive echo canceller are implemented using LMS, NLMS, VSLMS and VSNLMS algorithms. The normalized cross-correlation method is used for double-talk detection. VSNLMS has shown its superiority over all other algorithms both for double-talk and in absence of double-talk. During the absence of double-talk it shows its superiority in terms of increment in ERLE and decrement in misalignment. In presence of double-talk, it shows improvement in SNR of near-end speaker signal
Radiation-cooled Dew Water Condensers Studied by Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD)
Harvesting condensed atmospheric vapour as dew water can be an alternative or
complementary potable water resource in specific arid or insular areas. Such
radiation-cooled condensing devices use already existing flat surfaces (roofs)
or innovative structures with more complex shapes to enhance the dew yield. The
Computational Fluid Dynamic - CFD - software PHOENICS has been programmed and
applied to such radiation cooled condensers. For this purpose, the sky
radiation is previously integrated and averaged for each structure. The
radiative balance is then included in the CFD simulation tool to compare the
efficiency of the different structures under various meteorological parameters,
for complex or simple shapes and at various scales. It has been used to precise
different structures before construction. (1) a 7.32 m^2 funnel shape was
studied; a 30 degree tilted angle (60 degree cone half-angle) was computed to
be the best compromise for funnel cooling. Compared to a 1 m^2 flat condenser,
the cooling efficiency was expected to be improved by 40%. Seventeen months
measurements in outdoor tests presented a 138 % increased dew yield as compared
to the 1 m^2 flat condenser. (2) The simulation results for 5 various condenser
shapes were also compared with experimental measurement on corresponding pilots
systems: 0.16 m^2 flat planar condenser, 1 m^2 and 30 degree tilted planar
condenser, 30 m^2 and 30 degree tilted planar condenser, 255 m^2 multi ridges,
a preliminary construction of a large scale dew plant being implemented in the
Kutch area (Gujarat, India)
BeWith: A Between-Within Method to Discover Relationships between Cancer Modules via Integrated Analysis of Mutual Exclusivity, Co-occurrence and Functional Interactions
The analysis of the mutational landscape of cancer, including mutual
exclusivity and co-occurrence of mutations, has been instrumental in studying
the disease. We hypothesized that exploring the interplay between
co-occurrence, mutual exclusivity, and functional interactions between genes
will further improve our understanding of the disease and help to uncover new
relations between cancer driving genes and pathways. To this end, we designed a
general framework, BeWith, for identifying modules with different combinations
of mutation and interaction patterns. We focused on three different settings of
the BeWith schema: (i) BeME-WithFun in which the relations between modules are
enriched with mutual exclusivity while genes within each module are
functionally related; (ii) BeME-WithCo which combines mutual exclusivity
between modules with co-occurrence within modules; and (iii) BeCo-WithMEFun
which ensures co-occurrence between modules while the within module relations
combine mutual exclusivity and functional interactions. We formulated the
BeWith framework using Integer Linear Programming (ILP), enabling us to find
optimally scoring sets of modules. Our results demonstrate the utility of
BeWith in providing novel information about mutational patterns, driver genes,
and pathways. In particular, BeME-WithFun helped identify functionally coherent
modules that might be relevant for cancer progression. In addition to finding
previously well-known drivers, the identified modules pointed to the importance
of the interaction between NCOR and NCOA3 in breast cancer. Additionally, an
application of the BeME-WithCo setting revealed that gene groups differ with
respect to their vulnerability to different mutagenic processes, and helped us
to uncover pairs of genes with potentially synergetic effects, including a
potential synergy between mutations in TP53 and metastasis related DCC gene
Co-expression networks in generation of induced pluripotent stem cells.
We developed an adenoviral vector, in which Yamanaka's four reprogramming factors (RFs) were controlled by individual CMV promoters in a single cassette (Ad-SOcMK). This permitted coordinated expression of RFs (SOX2, OCT3/4, c-MYC and KLF4) in a cell for a transient period of time, synchronizing the reprogramming process with the majority of transduced cells assuming induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-like characteristics as early as three days post-transduction. These reprogrammed cells resembled human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with regard to morphology, biomarker expression, and could be differentiated into cells of the germ layers in vitro and in vivo. These iPSC-like cells, however, failed to expand into larger iPSC colonies. The short and synchronized reprogramming process allowed us to study global transcription changes within short time intervals. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified sixteen large gene co-expression modules, each including members of gene ontology categories involved in cell differentiation and development. In particular, the brown module contained a significant number of ESC marker genes, whereas the turquoise module contained cell-cycle-related genes that were downregulated in contrast to upregulation in human ESCs. Strong coordinated expression of all four RFs via adenoviral transduction may constrain stochastic processes and lead to silencing of genes important for cellular proliferation
Modeling the NPA of a Midsized Indian Nationalized Bank as a Function of Advances
Non-performing assets (NPA) occur in loans given by a bank or a financial institution where in the borrower defaults or delays interest and or principal payment. The management of NPAs therefore, is a very important part of credit management of banks and financial institutions in the Country. Currently NPA estimates in India are predominantly obtained from the figures published by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). However it would be helpful for banks and financial institutions to have an estimate of the NPA as soon as loan amounts are disbursed. This study attempted to develop a predictive model for the NPA% at both the gross and net level from the advances made at a midsized Indian national bank. A strong correlation was observed between gross and net NPA% and the advances made suggesting that estimates of gross and net NPA can be made from advances. Linear and non linear models were fit to predict the NPA% from the amounts advanced. A non linear model linking both Gross and net NPA to advances provided the best curve fit and the least deviation from actual values. Thus by simply looking at advances an overall picture of the banks NPA level can be ascertained. Keywords:, Advances, Gross NPA, Indian nationalized Bank, Linear Model, Net NPA, Non Linear Models, NPA Management
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