Neuroglobin and its Role in the Recovery of Neuronal Cells in Hypoxic Conditions Using Hypoxia Inducible Factor– 1

Stroke is the world\u27s leading cause of adult disability, caused by lack of oxygen and nutrients to the brain due to a blood clot in a major artery. This leads to ischemic damage of neuronal cells that leads to paralysis, motor, and speech deficits. While most stroke therapies aim at removing or reducing the blood clots in the brain, few treatments target cell damage. Neuroglobin (NGB) is a protein in the brain that is able to aid in neuroprotection following oxidative stress. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that serves as a marker for cell recovery after hypoxia or low oxygen levels. Exosomes are microscopic extracellular vesicles that can help deliver proteins across the blood-brain barrier. This thesis focuses on finding a correlation between exosomal-delivered neuroglobin to ischemic cells and the regulation of HIF-1 in order to develop an innovative treatment using exosomes. The specific aims of this thesis are as follows: Aim 1: Package NGB in exosomes of healthy cell The XPAK-NGB plasmid will be used to transfect NGB DNA into wild-type human embryonic kidney (HEK-293 cell line) cells. Exosomes will be harvested from the spent media. The exosomes will be analyzed to ensure that the protein is packaged inside the exosomes. Aim 2: Determine the limit of hypoxic conditions and effects of NGB on damaged cells A literature review will be performed to determine the ideal concentration of H2O2 for the survival of neuronal cells. This will include the composition of hypoxia as well as the length of time that cells can be exposed to and remain viable. Aim 3: Correlate NGB concentration and HIF-1 concentration Another literature review will determine the specific markers of NGB and HIF-1

Potential impact of Big Data in Real World Sectors

In this information and digital era vast amount of data have become available on hand to decision makers.Big data represents not only the huge amount of data but also the data which are high in variety and velocity.Due to the galloping growth of the data, solutions are needed to handle,analyse, and extract the information from the datasets.Big data has a potential impact on the digital world.After examining the impact of big data on various fields and sectors,this paper presents a brief review of what is big data and the use of big data in our real world.In this paper, we have addressed the various type of fields where big data is used such as Digital Space,Healthcare, Finance,Education and Government

Social Media Aggregator Using a focused Crawler and a Web & Android UI

Today we live in a digital age, with almost each and every one of us having at least one social media account. With things as trivial as what one had for breakfast to the happenings of the world, everything is discussed about on these social media accounts. This paper intends to suggest using this social media as a policing solution, as in contrast to other traditional media such as television and print media, social media offers velocity, veracity, variety, real-time and a large volume of information. A focused web crawler is used to crawl the internet and to stick to the relevant and required topics only. This crawler is integrated with a database to store the information and the information is projected on an android application as well as a web application for the user’s perusal

A sustainable approach for synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle by Aloe barbadensis and its application in photocatalytic decolouration of commercial dyes.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) biosynthesis is gaining popularity since it is environmentally safe and can withstand a wide range of environmental conditions. The widely known medicinal herb Aloe barbadensis was employed to create ZnONPs in this work. XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), EDAX (Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis), and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) were also used to characterise the produced ZnONPs. In XRD, the produced ZnONPs revealed crystalline character, with an average size of 30 50 nm. TEM was used to determine spherical morphology. Under ultraviolet irradiation, the photocatalytic decolorization of Sudan IV, Crystal Violet (CV), and Acridine Orange (AO) by biogenic produced ZnONPs was studied. Using all three dyes (10-50 ppm) throughout a 4-hour incubation time, the produced ZnONPs showed 100% photocatalytic decolorization activity    &nbsp

Risk and associated factors for hemiplegic shoulder pain in people with stroke: A systematic literature review

Introduction: Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) is reported in up to 40% of people with stroke and has been associated with spasticity and glenohumeral subluxation. The frequency of HSP has reduced in the last two decades which is most likely due to improved therapy and nursing care. The aim of this systematic literature review was to explore the risk and associated factors for HSP for studies published between 2005 and 2020. Methods: A systematic online search was conducted of CINAHL, AMED, MEDLINE and the Cochrane library databases using four key terms (risk factors, hemiplegia, shoulder pain and stroke). The search was supplemented by hand searching of relevant journals and citation tracking of the retrieved papers. All primary studies published in English language fulfilling the review’s inclusion criteria were included. Five reviewers extracted the data and independently appraised the methodological quality of the selected studies. Any discrepancies were resolved following discussions. Results: Of the 50 articles that were identified, 21 studies met the criteria. The common risk factors for HSP were: poor motor function (odds ratio (OR) 0.58–3.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–7.7); glenohumeral subluxation (OR 2.48–3.5, 95% CI 1.38–9.37) and reduced range of movement at the shoulder (OR 0.14–4.46, 95% CI 0.99–64). Conclusion: Despite methodological flaws, complete loss of motor function in the affected arm and glenohumeral subluxation has been recognized as frequently reported risk factors for HSP. Further rigorously designed cohort studies are required to explore the risk factors for HSP

Metabolome-Informed Microbiome Analysis Refines Metadata Classifications and Reveals Unexpected Medication Transfer in Captive Cheetahs.

Even high-quality collection and reporting of study metadata in microbiome studies can lead to various forms of inadvertently missing or mischaracterized information that can alter the interpretation or outcome of the studies, especially with nonmodel organisms. Metabolomic profiling of fecal microbiome samples can provide empirical insight into unanticipated confounding factors that are not possible to obtain even from detailed care records. We illustrate this point using data from cheetahs from the San Diego Zoo Safari Park. The metabolomic characterization indicated that one cheetah had to be moved from the non-antibiotic-exposed group to the antibiotic-exposed group. The detection of the antibiotic in this second cheetah was likely due to grooming interactions with the cheetah that was administered antibiotics. Similarly, because transit time for stool is variable, fecal samples within the first few days of antibiotic prescription do not all contain detected antibiotics, and the microbiome is not yet affected. These insights significantly altered the way the samples were grouped for analysis (antibiotic versus no antibiotic) and the subsequent understanding of the effect of the antibiotics on the cheetah microbiome. Metabolomics also revealed information about numerous other medications and provided unexpected dietary insights that in turn improved our understanding of the molecular patterns on the impact on the community microbial structure. These results suggest that untargeted metabolomic data provide empirical evidence to correct records and aid in the monitoring of the health of nonmodel organisms in captivity, although we also expect that these methods may be appropriate for other social animals, such as cats.IMPORTANCE Metabolome-informed analyses can enhance omics studies by enabling the correct partitioning of samples by identifying hidden confounders inadvertently misrepresented or omitted from carefully curated metadata. We demonstrate here the utility of metabolomics in a study characterizing the microbiome associated with liver disease in cheetahs. Metabolome-informed reinterpretation of metagenome and metabolome profiles factored in an unexpected transfer of antibiotics, preventing misinterpretation of the data. Our work suggests that untargeted metabolomics can be used to verify, augment, and correct sample metadata to support improved grouping of sample data for microbiome analyses, here for nonmodel organisms in captivity. However, the techniques also suggest a path forward for correcting clinical information in microbiome studies more broadly to enable higher-precision analyses