398 research outputs found
Fluctuations in canal water supplies: a case study
Irrigation management / Water allocation / Canals / Water distribution / Water supply / Performance evaluation / Irrigated farming / Irrigation systems / Pakistan / Chishtian Sub-Division / Fordwah Distributary
Proceedings of the National Conference on Managing Irrigation for Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture in Pakistan, Islamabad, November 5-7, 1996. Volume III - Papers on the theme, Water management below the Mogha
Water allocationWater distributionWatercoursesIrrigation waterIrrigation canalsWaterloggingSalinityWater useDecision makingSurface drainageIrrigation designIrrigation requirementsSprinkler irrigationWheatSurface irrigationIrrigation schedulingCottonCrop yieldSoil reclamationSodic soilsSoil salinityConjunctive useGroundwaterSurface waterFlow measurementIrrigation practicesMonitoringEvaluationFarmer participationFarmers' attitudes
Proceedings of the National Conference on Managing Irrigation for Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture in Pakistan, Islamabad, November 5-7, 1996. Volume I - Inauguration and deliberations
Irrigation managementSustainable agricultureEnvironmental effectsIrrigation canalsFarmer managed irrigation systemsWater distributionIrrigation efficiencyDrainageHydrologyWater reuseTube wellsSoil salinityWater tableWaterloggingGroundwater managementIrrigated farmingInstitution building
Root zone salinity management using fractional skimming wells with pressurized irrigation: Inception report
Wells / Aquifers / Pumping / Groundwater irrigation / Water quality / Salinity control / Irrigation programs / Climate / Waterlogging / Drainage / Soils / Land use / Cropping systems / Farm income
Proceedings of the National Conference on Managing Irrigation for Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture in Pakistan, Islamabad, November 5-7, 1996. Volume V - Papers on the theme, institutional development
Irrigated farmingSocial organizationWater users' associationsFarmers' associationsInstitution buildingWater resource managementOperationsMaintenancePolicyIrrigation managementParticipatory management
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Investigation of pulse oximeter failure rates during artificial hypoperfusion utilising a custom made multimode pulse oximetery sensor
Pulse oximetry utilises the technique of photople-thysmography (PPG) to estimate arterial oxygen saturation values (SpO2). In poorly perfused tissues, SpO2 readings may be compromised due to the poor quality of the PPG signals. In order to investigate further the threshold where pulse oximetry fails to produce accurate SpO2 values, we have developed a custom made multimode finger pulse oximetry probe that operates in conventional, reflectance and transmittance mode independently and also in a combined mode called transreflectance. Experiments on twenty healthy volunteers undergoing induced artificial hypoperfusion utilising a brachial blood pressure cuff were performed in order to investigate the possible threshold of failure to accurately estimate SpO2 values from all pulse oximetry modes. The results suggest that the transreflectance pulse oximeter endures more in estimating accurately SpO2 values when compared with the other two custom made pulse oximeters and a commercial finger pulse oximeter
Institutional determinants of inward FDI: Evidence from Pakistan
FDI has been growing at a spectacular pace all over the world and emerging countries have been successful in attracting more FDI compared to developed countries. Institutional factors are becoming more important as determinants of inward FDI for emerging markets. However, research in this area is inadequate and also incosnsistent in terms of findings. In this paper, we have examined the institutional determinants of Pakistani FDI inflows and also examined the relative importance of those factors. The paper has found that certain institutional determinants such as size of the government, legal structure and strong property rights, freedom to trade and civil liberty have strong positive effect on FDI inflows. Among the institutional variables, regulation has been found to be most important to influence inward FDI flow to Pakistan. The paper has also found evidence that there was a structural break in FDI flows in Pakistan which coincides with market liberalization programme in early 1990s. This confirms the effectiveness of conducive institutional environment to attract foreign investment. Moreover, we have found that military government is more successful in attracting FDI compared to democratic government in Pakistan
Alliance free and alliance cover sets
A \emph{defensive} (\emph{offensive}) -\emph{alliance} in
is a set such that every in (in the boundary of ) has
at least more neighbors in than it has in . A set
is \emph{defensive} (\emph{offensive}) -\emph{alliance free,}
if for all defensive (offensive) -alliance , ,
i.e., does not contain any defensive (offensive) -alliance as a subset.
A set is a \emph{defensive} (\emph{offensive})
-\emph{alliance cover}, if for all defensive (offensive) -alliance ,
, i.e., contains at least one vertex from each
defensive (offensive) -alliance of . In this paper we show several
mathematical properties of defensive (offensive) -alliance free sets and
defensive (offensive) -alliance cover sets, including tight bounds on the
cardinality of defensive (offensive) -alliance free (cover) sets
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