Daily harvested energy of cadmium telluride thin Film photovoltaic

The power generated by solar photovoltaic (PV) is highly affected by the weather environment. Thin-Film solar module of cadmium telluride (CdTe) is one of the Semi-transparent PV (STPV) that can be employed in a wide application range as a means to sunlight permeability while supplying solar electrical energy with some shading which also preferable in hot areas. The system behavior and the forecast of a STPV harvested energy requires an accurate and reliable discribtion for the power pattern rate during the day time. This research presents a real-time daily measurements for CdTe PV modules that serve the system design, prediction, and modeling. Multilayer and single installation categories are configured to be experimentally tested at different weather conditions (temperature and irradiance). The measurements were conducted at UPM University, Serdang, Malaysia, where a 6 different modules are expreinced. A wireless monitoring system with high sampling frequency employed for this purose. The results show an efficiency of 2.51 as a maximum in cloudy day conditions, while the harvested daily energy show that a multi-layer configuration may only be effective when the transparency is high. This new generation of PV module is similar to that for Silicon-based PV but it has threshold value to start power generating and promises for efficient sustainable building materials

Pulp and paper from oil palm fronds: Wavelet neural networks modeling of soda-ethanol pulping

Wavelet neural networks (WNNs) were used to investigate the influence of operational variables in the soda-ethanol pulping of oil palm fronds (viz. NaOH concentration (10-30%), ethanol concentration (15-75%), cooking temperature (150-190 ºC), and time (60-180 min)) on the resulting pulp and paper properties (viz. screened yield, kappa number, tensile index, and tear index). Performance assessments demonstrated the predictive capability of WNNs, in that the experimental results of the dependent variables with error less than 6% were reproduced, while satisfactory R-squared values were obtained. It thus corroborated the good fit of the WNNs model for simulating the soda-ethanol pulping process for oil palm fronds

LCL filter design based on ripple current minimization approach for grid-connected inverter application

The fast-growing demand for renewable energy has stimulated the rapid development of semiconductor devices and power electronic converter technologies. The grid�connected inverter has turn out to be normal in any distributed generation system. LCL filter is commonly adopted to interconnect an inverter to a utility grid, owing to its parametric performance. However, the common issue regarding resonance frequency and design constraints complexity remains unsolved entirely. In this paper, a simple LCL filter design to address these issues is proposed. A ripple current minimization approach is adopted in the systematic design process to determine optimized reactive components’ value and mitigate its resonance frequency. Design feasibility is simulated in the Matlab/Simulink environment and extensive experimental work was carried out to validated the results against the IEC61000-3- 2 standards

Comparison of developed FLC and P&O MPPT algorithms for improving PV system performance at variable irradiance conditions

Purpose: This work aims to overcome the drawbacks of the nonlinear characteristics of the photo-voltaic (PV) system which are affected by the atmospheric variations. Design/methodology/approach: As a result, the optimum power point on these characteristics accordingly changes and the efficiency of photovoltaic systems reduces. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms track this optimum point and enhance the efficiency despite the irradiance and temperature changes. Findings: The conventional perturbation and observation (P&O) algorithm uses fixed step sizes to increment and decrement the duty ratio that leads to slow response time and continuous oscillation around the MPP at steady state conditions. The paper proposes a fuzzy logic-based controller that overcomes the drawbacks of P&O algorithm in term of response time and the oscillation. Originality/value: MATLAB/Simulink environment was used to model and simulate the KC200GT PV module, direct current (DC)-DC boost converter and the MPPT algorithms

Alternative solar-battery charge controller to improve system efficiency

This paper proposed a high efficiency solar-battery charge controller as an alternative to that controller which is used in most conventional residential solar system , the concept of the proposed controller circuit based on using the off state energy duration of the overcharge current in a separate path, this energy delivers to auxiliary battery or direct load, such as fans, used to cool or ventilate the system components and consequently improving system performance, where the overcharge current refer to that current available stand by when the battery fully charged or reached its maximum charge voltage. It is avoided here that power losses coming from the main switching component and complexity of the conventional controller, this will leads to new electronic circuit with low losses as a compared with the conventional charge controller to be a part of the integrated and automated building solar system, the design has an algorithm based on some environment parameters like sun Irradiance and weather temperature, this algorithm seems to be inversely calculated because its start from the value of full charge battery voltage, the practical results shows the improvements if compared with other methods. A Simulink Matlab simulator is attempted in the simulation phase of this research as well as an experimental data has been collected to verify the circuit function and energy saving goal

DC-DC converter for photovoltaic powered battery charger

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to show in power-voltage curve, a unique maximum power point (MPP) is existed which has the maximum power. Design/methodology/approach: This paper presents a MPP tracker algorithm for a standalone system includes DC-DC buck converter and battery storage. Findings: By using this algorithm, the maximum available power is achieved and simultaneously, the battery is charged and also protected against overcharge and discharge. The operation of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in with Proteus software to be sure that it can be implemented in microcontroller in reality. Originality/value: The simulations results show that the proposed algorithm is able to detect the MPP under different irradiations. Moreover, the battery is charged during the day by PV and protected against overcharge and discharge

Novel hybrid maximum power point tracking algorithm for PV systems under partially shaded conditions

Photovoltaic (PV) system has non-linear powervoltage (P-V) characteristic with single maximum power point (MPP) in uniform condition. The P-V curve would be more complicated during partially shaded (PS) conditions (PSCs) when multi-peak powers exist. The point with the highest value of power among the multi-peak powers is called global maximum power point (GMPP). In this paper, a novel hybrid method is proposed to obtain the GMPP in PSCs. In this method, if PS happens after reaching the MPP in uniform condition, the new operating point is specified based on modified linear function to reduce the searching zone and simultaneously the possible MPPs are recognized at the right side of the new obtained operating point. In the case where PS happens before reaching the MPP in uniform condition, the reference point is specified and then the location of GMPP is detected. Finally, after specifying the exact location of GMPP, the modified P&O is used to obtain the GMPP. To evaluate operation of the proposed method, simulation work has been carried out in MATLAB/Simulink where the GMPP is obtained in minimum time with high accuracy and minimum oscillation in power. Moreover, this method is not limited to any specific scenarios of shadowing

GPS based portable dual-axis solar tracking system using astronomical equation

The overall objective of this study is to design and develop a portable dual-axis solar tracking system that focuses on portable and mobility purpose. This paper discusses the design, electronic control system and the algorithm based on the astronomical equation. The tracking system utilizes the GPS module and a digital compass sensor for determining the location and the heading feedback of the system respectively. Moreover, the microcontroller based tracking system is embedded with a PID controller for which will increase the PV positioning accuracy based from the feedback signal of the absolute encoder. Furthermore, this paper also analyses and compares the performance between the fixed-tilted PV panel and the developed portable solar tracking system

Daily real-time monitoring of the PV thin film modules for analysis and system modeling

The power output of a Photovoltaic system is mainly influenced by the weather conditions. Semitransparent [CdTe] Thin-Film PV module is one of the promising green energy sources that need to be more investigated in terms of efficiency and modeling. This paper presents real-time daily measurements for such modules that serve the system design, prediction, and modeling. Single and multi-layer configurations categories have been used as a platform to test the PV system at various temperature and irradiance ranges. Experimental measurements were conducted at UPM University, Serdang, Malaysia, where a 6 different modules are tested according to their interconnection and installation. A wireless data acquisition card, of one second sampling interval, has been utilized to acquire the weather and electrical parameters (module temperature, solar irradiance, Voltage, and Current). The result of the harvested daily energy shows a value around (2.51) as a maximum efficiency in a cloudy day conditions and it is influenced by the transparency factor when configured in a multi-layer. It is found that the modules' performance is similar to that of a Silicon-based solar panels

Evolution of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery in Electrode

The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a highly regarded technology for large-scale energy storage due to its outstanding features, such as scalability, efficiency, long lifespan, and site independence. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of its performance in carbon-based electrodes, along with a comprehensive review of the system‘s principles and mechanisms. It discusses potential applications, recent industrial involvement, and economic factors associated with VRFB technology. The study also covers the latest advancements in VRFB electrodes, including electrode surface modification and electrocatalyst materials, and highlights their effects on the VRFB system‘s performance. Additionally, the potential of two-dimensional material MXene to enhance electrode performance is evaluated, and the author concludes that MXenes offer significant advantages for use in high-power VRFB at a low cost. Finally, the paper reviews the challenges and future development of VRFB technology