Pessoa’s Orpheu and the Athenaeum

UIDB/00657/2020 UIDP/00657/2020Fernando Pessoa understood literary work as a project always to be realized, as a fragment of a pursued but never achieved totality. His publications in the journal Orpheu, together with his numerous earlier editorial projects, reveal a particular understanding of the fragment that can be applied to his work as a whole. It links to the concept of the fragment as developed by Friedrich Schlegel and Novalis, particularly in the versions published in the Athenaeum, the founding journal of German romanticism, which Pessoa knew through a French edition of Novalis’s fragments. This essay analyzes commonalities and differences in the concept of the fragment in these works, distinguishing Pessoa’s by showing how the fragment in his writing is not an aesthetic program but the result of a failure. Fernando Pessoa entendeu a obra literária como projeto sempre por realizar, enquanto fragmento de uma totalidade almejada mas nunca alcançada. As publicações de Fernando Pessoa na revista Orpheu, assim como os inúmeros projetos editoriais que as precedem, revelam um entendimento particular do fragmento, que pode ser aplicado à obra pessoana enquanto todo. Este entendimento relaciona-se com o conceito de fragmento desenvolvido por Friedrich Schlegel e Novalis, particularmente nas versões publicadas no Athenaeum, a revista fundadora do Romantismo Alemão, que Pessoa conhecia através de uma edição francesa dos fragmentos de Novalis. Este ensaio procura analisar traços comuns e diferenças do conceito de fragmento nestas obras, distinguindo a conceção pessoana através da demonstração de que o fragmento em Pessoa não é um programa estético mas o resultado de uma falha.publishersversionpublishe

Bodies in place : enactive cognition as development of ecological norms

Les partisans de l’approche énactive soutiennent que la cognition se constitue à travers l’histoire des différentes formes d'interaction (biologique, sensorimotrice, intercorporelle, linguistique, etc.) entre un vivant et son environnement. Ces interactions ne sont pas aléatoires, mais des activités obéissant à certaines normes que les énactivistes appellent sense-making. La cognition est, de ce point de vue, une forme de sense-making. Malgré les avantages indéniables que confère une telle perspective pour étudier la cognition, la présente thèse développe un point de vue critique par rapport à l’approche énactive et soutient qu'il est nécessaire d'approfondir notre compréhension de la dimension écologique du sense-making. Le but principal de la thèse est en conséquence de montrer que l'environnement joue un rôle encore plus important que l’approche énactive ne lui attribue habituellement. En m'engageant de manière critique dans le répertoire conceptuel de la cognition énactive, de la phénoménologie et des approches écologiques de la cognition, l’objectif de cette thèse consiste à poser les bases conceptuelles d'une approche énactive-écologique de la cognition. Pour ce faire, la thèse s’attèle à mettre de l’avant trois idées principales. La première consiste à redéfinir le concept du sense-making : contrairement à la conception qui s’est traditionnellement imposée dans le mouvement énactif, nous allons démontrer qu’il s’agit d’un phénomène de développement (et non de création) de normes. La rencontre du corps et du monde est toujours ancrée dans un champ normatif prédéfini, de sorte que nous devons réévaluer le rôle que joue l'environnement dans les processus de sense-making. En effet, si les agents se retrouvent toujours-déjà plongés dans un champ normatif (et non dans un environnement purement causal et physique), il faut alors reconnaître que l'environnement joue un rôle actif dans la constitution et l'auto-transformation des normes de sense-making. La deuxième idée poursuit dans cette veine et porte sur cette nouvelle conception de l'environnement, qui est ici défini comme un champ normatif actif, incarnant une tension entre le passé habituel du système agent-environnement et les contingences incessantes des événements du monde qui poussent le système vers leur auto-transformation et développement. La troisième idée principale de cette thèse consiste en une description holistique du champ d'action des agents (un lieu énactif) et des normes édictées (enacted) par des processus de sense-making sur le terrain (normes de lieu). Une esquisse générale du lieu énactif montre que les activités de sense-making sont liées à des processus écologiques qui enchevêtrent de multiples agents et localités matérielles dans un réseau écologique local. Ces réseaux écologiques forment une unité systémique et résiliente qui se déploie dans le temps avec les habitants du lieu, et fonctionne comme un champ normatif qui contraint et motive l'auto-transformation de chaque système agent-environnementSupporters of autonomist enactivism or the enactive approach claim that cognition is a phenomenon constituted by the historical development of different forms of interaction (biological, sensorimotor, intercorporeal, and linguistic) between living bodies and their environments. For autonomist enactivists, the nature of these interactions is not entirely predetermined by general laws of causation but by norms enacted in the historical path of the agent-environment system, and thanks to processes of sense-making. Cognition is, from the enactivist standpoint, a form of sense-making. While there are multiple advantages in holding such perspective to study mind and cognition, this thesis develops a critical point of view and argues that it is necessary to deepen our understanding of the ecological dimension of sense-making. Specifically, the thesis aims to show that the environment plays a more critical role than autonomist enactivism usually attributes to it. By drawing on and critically engaging with the conceptual repertoire of enactive cognition, phenomenology, and ecological approaches to cognition, my objective is to set the conceptual foundations for an enactive-ecological approach to cognition. For this task, I propose three interrelated ideas. The first redefines sense-making as a phenomenon of norm development. The most common descriptions of sense-making involve the emergence of meaning from raw physical matter thanks to the activity of living organisms. As norm development, by contrast, sense-making refers to a constant enactment and re-enactment of norms of interaction from other pregiven norms, previously enacted in the past of the agent-environment system. I argue that the encounter of the body and the world is permanently embedded in a pregiven normative field and never in an abstract void where raw physical interactions occur. From this standpoint, we need, however, to re-evaluate the role that the environment plays in sense-making processes. If agents find themselves immersed in normative fields and not in raw physical landscapes, then the environment has a more active role for the constitution and self-transformation of sense-making norms than autonomist enactivists have acknowledged. In this vein, the second main idea of this thesis concerns the environment as an active normative field that incarnates a tension between the habitual past of the agent-environment system and the ongoing contingencies of worldly events that push the system to their self-transformation and development. The third main idea of this thesis consists of a holistic description of the field of action of agents (enactive place) and the norms enacted by processes of sense-making in the field (place-norms). A general sketch of enactive place shows that sense-making is tied to processes that entangle multiple agents and material localities into a local ecological web. An enactive place constitutes a systemic and resilient unity that unfolds in time altogether with its inhabitants, working as a normative field that constrains and motivates the self-transformation of each agent-environment system. Bodies are therefore part of wider unities of historical development: places

Continente Choose&Drive

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsWhen I first took up this project the goal was to conceive a communication strategy for Continente. My first impression was that the biggest drawback of Continente was their localization and lack of convenience. After carrying out a market research I confirmed this theory and began strategizing against it. Although my initial brainstorm varies in target and objective, I’ve realized that all the solutions focused at some point, on the Continente’s convenience problem. Finally, I have decided to focus on the “The single young shoppers” target (young people who have moved out of their parents’ house either by need of independence or to be nearer to university/work). I believe this segment to be extremely important, not just because of their present value but mostly to attract the youngest generations to the brand, and to create a bond and loyalty with them right now. My solution, “The Continente Choose&Drive” where the consumer can shop without leaving the car through a drive-in system, intends to minimize the gap between the target and the brand, as well as boost their image of innovation and consumer-focused

A redução crítica da heteronímia

SFRH/BPD/85276/2012 UID/ELT/00657/2013 PTDC/CPC-ELT/4587/2012Based on considerations by Eduardo Lourenço and Adolfo Casais Monteiro, this essay discusses the problem of a critical reduction of the phenomenon of heteronymy. According to both critics, this reduction is associated with an explanation of heteronymy based on external motives, recurrent in the critical tradition of Pessoa’s work. In opposition to this kind of reading, and through the analysis of the proposals of both these critics, the essay points out interpretative lines, which are based on a textual, literary and editorial dimension of the phenomenon, rejecting references to motives exceeding these dimensions. Partindo de considerações de Eduardo Lourenço e de Adolfo Casais Monteiro, este ensaio discute o problema de uma redução crítica do fenómeno da heteronímia. Esta redução tem que ver, segundo ambos os críticos, com uma explicação da heteronímia a partir de fundamentos que lhe são exteriores, recorrente na tradição crítica pessoana. Por oposição a este tipo de leitura, e através da análise das propostas destes dois críticos, o ensaio aponta para linhas interpretativas que têm por base a dimensão textual, literária e editorial do fenómeno, rejeitando o recurso a fundamentos que excedam estas dimensões.publishersversionpublishe

29 de maio de 1928

SFRH/BPD/85276/2012 UID/ELT/00657/2013Este ensaio analisa diversos textos em que é atribuído valor profético à data de 29 de maio de 1928, em particular três artigos publicados em O«Notícias» Ilustrado, um deles anonimamente e dois em nome de Augusto Ferreira Gomes, nos quais é notória a intervenção de Fernando Pessoa. A análise destes textos mostra como uma decisiva redefinição dos propósitos da obra poética, levada a cabo por Pessoa em 1928, depende do recurso a elementos ocultistas, de índole profética e escatológica.publishersversionpublishe

Um ensaio inédito de Eduardo Lourenço sobre o Pessoa de Casais Monteiro

SFRH/BPD/85276/2012 UID/ELT/00657/2013Texto inédito de Eduardo Lourenço “O Pessoa de Casais Monteiro”, apresentação e notas de Pedro Sepúlveda.publishersversionpublishe

Além da paisagem

SFRH/BPD/85276/2012 UID/ELT/00657/2013 PTDC/CPC-ELT/4587/2012publishersversionpublishe

Orpheu em lugar de Caeiro

SFRH/BPD/85276/2012 UID/ELT/00657/2013 PTDC/CPC-ELT/4587/2012The publication of Orpheu was preceded by several Pessoan projects for the publication of literary magazines. Less known, however, is the project of releasing, within an international context, the work by Alberto Caeiro, made partially available to the public only ten years later, in the magazine Athena. Through the analysis of these plans, as well as the purposes of public exposure associated with them, this article shows how the release of Orpheu materialized, on the one hand, Pessoa’s purpose of establishing a new literary movement, concealing, on the other hand, foundations of this movement. Renouncing to programmatic texts planned for publication in other reviews, as well as to the presentation of the work by master Caeiro, Pessoa follows in Orpheu a precept of Pedro Sepúlveda Orpheu em lugar de Caeiro Revista Estranhar Pessoa / N.º 2, out. 2015 87 partial and allusive public exposure, which will remain crucial in later publications. This precept is made explicit by the poet within the context of considerations concerning public visibility, particularly in his last poem published, Advice, which was not by chance published in an issue dedicated to Orpheu. Precederam a publicação de Orpheu vários projetos pessoanos de lançamento de revistas literárias. Menos conhecido é, no entanto, o plano de lançamento, com contornos internacionais, da obra de Alberto Caeiro, dada a conhecer parcialmente ao público apenas dez anos mais tarde, na revista Athena. Através da análise destes planos, assim como dos propósitos de exposição pública a eles associados, este artigo mostra como o lançamento de Orpheu veio, por um lado, concretizar o propósito pessoano de fixação de uma nova corrente literária, ocultando, por outro, fundamentos dessa mesma corrente. Renunciando quer a textos programáticos, que planeava publicar no contexto de outras revistas, quer à apresentação da obra do mestre Caeiro, Pessoa segue em Orpheu um preceito de exposição pública parcial e alusiva, que permanecerá determinante em publicações posteriores. Este preceito é explicitado pelo poeta no contexto de considerações em torno da visibilidade pública, em particular no seu último poema publicado, Conselho, não por acaso em número dedicado a Orpheu.publishersversionpublishe

Modelos de contratación de mano de obra para el montaje mobiliario en oficinas en el Valle de Aburrá

A lo largo de los tiempos las organizaciones han utilizado la mano de obra para el desarrollo de la producción en los diferentes sectores de la economía, a su vez, han tenido diversas formas de contratar dicha mano de obra de acuerdo con el tipo de labor, producto o servicio que ofrecen, generalmente beneficiando en gran parte al empleador, quien tiene como interés aumentar la rentabilidad de su negocio -- Actualmente, con el fenómeno de la globalización, las empresas tienen como principal objetivo ser competitivas y permanecer en el mercado, para ello, deben implementar métodos de economía de escala dentro de los cuales incluyen bajar el costo de los productos, lo cual ha sido una tarea bastante arriesgada, sobre todo en lo concerniente a la mano de obra, ya que se han implementado prácticas de contratación del personal con un riesgo muy alto para la compañía, como sanciones por infringir las normas gubernamentales o indemnizaciones económicas producto de accidentes de trabajo con personal mal afiliado al sistema general de seguridad social -- Con el presente trabajo se pretende analizar los diferentes modelos de contratación de mano de obra para el montaje de mobiliario de oficinas en el Valle de Aburrá, con el fin de caracterizar el modelo que actualmente se maneja y el cumplimiento de los criterios de le

El yo y el mundo de la apariencia transcendental en Kant

El presente escrito presenta la tesis del yo y el mundo como partes de la apariencia ilusoria transcendental en Kant. En el capítulo de los paralogismos se exhibe la dimensión subjetiva de la apariencia bajo el modo de la subrepción del yo, mientras que el capítulo de las antinomias expone la determinación objetiva de la apariencia a partir de la dinámica de los conflictos eidéticos del mundo. Desde la perspectiva más amplia, ambas doctrinas ejercen la crítica de la apariencia del yo y el mundo en el pensamiento de Kant