A functional limit theorem for the profile of bb-ary trees

In this paper we prove a functional limit theorem for the weighted profile of a $b$-ary tree. For the proof we use classical martingales connected to branching Markov processes and a generalized version of the profile-polynomial martingale. By embedding, choosing weights and a branch factor in a right way, we finally rediscover the profiles of some well-known discrete time trees.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AAP640 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Factors influencing the accuracy of genomic prediction in plant breeding

Genomic prediction (GP) is a novel statistical tool to estimate breeding values of selection candidates without the necessity to evaluate them phenotypically. The method calibrates a prediction model based on data of phenotyped individuals that were also genotyped with genome-wide molecular markers. The renunciation of an explicit identification of causal polymorphisms in the DNA sequence allows GP to explain significantly larger amounts of the genetic variance of complex traits than previous mapping-based approaches employed for marker-assisted selection. For these reasons, GP rapidly revolutionized dairy cattle breeding, where the method was originally developed and first implemented. By comparison, plant breeding is characterized by often intensively structured populations and more restricted resources routinely available for model calibration. This thesis addresses important issues related to these peculiarities to further promote an efficient integration of GP into plant breeding.Die genomische Leistungsvorhersage (GLV) ist ein neues statistisches Werkzeug zur Zuchtwertschätzung von Selektionskandidaten ohne die Notwendigkeit diese zuvor zu phänotypisieren. Die Methode kalibriert ein Vorhersagemodell auf Basis bereits phänotypisierter Individuen, welche zudem mit genomweiten molekularen Markern genotypisiert wurden. Der Verzicht auf die explizite Identifikation von kausalen Polymorphismen in der DNA-Sequenz ermöglicht der GLV signifikant größere Anteile der genetischen Varianz komplexer Merkmale zu erklären als frühere, kartierungsbasierte Ansätze zur markergestützten Selektion. Aus diesen Gründen revolutionierte die GLV bereits die Milchrinderzüchtung, in welcher die Methode ursprünglich entwickelt und auch erstmalig praktisch angewendet wurde. Im Vergleich hierzu zeichnet sich die Pflanzenzüchtung durch starke Populationsstruktur und stärker limitierte Ressourcen für den Zweck der Modellkalibration aus, welche in regelmäßigen Abständen zur Verfügung stehen. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich wichtigen Fragen, die sich aus diesen Eigenschaften ergeben, um eine effizientere Integration der GLV in der Pflanzenzüchtung zu fördern

In Gutenbergs Fußstapfen: Translatio typographica Zum Verhältnis von Typografie und Translation

Ever since Johannes Gutenberg’s times, typography has shaped the visual appearance of the written word in western cultures. Gutenberg’s invention gave birth to a development that has changed the appearance of the written message considerably compared to scriptographically manufactured texts. Texts that have been carefully typographically designed still serve as examples both to emulate and also to aim for in desktop publishing. Therefore, the typographical tradition is of essence even in the era of the computer and has resulted in a dichotomy of typographic design (non-professional vs. professional typographic). Hence, all texts that are intended to be translated form part of a bi- or even multi-coded textual network and exist, in one way or another, as typographically designed texts. Equally, a translation project starts as an unfinished product and must undergo, as a rule, some typographical process prior to printing and publication. Therefore, typography is a factor that needs to be taken into consideration under the double aspect of professional translation and the education of translators.1. Typography is a semiotic phenomenon, which means that all typographical symbols are specific to their individual cultures and, hence, have different meaning. Also, various cultures will use these symbols with varied frequency. What is more, authors of literary texts may employ typographical symbols intentionally as a special characteristic of the text or as part of it.2. Typography needs to be considered in the light of the visual appearance of a text, a fact that serves to demonstrate the significance of, firstly, knowledge of a particular culture of typographical symbols; secondly, of typographical conventions of source and target culture (orthotypography); and thirdly, of a solid understanding into the professional production process of typographically produced publications.Depuis Johannes Gutenberg, la dimension visuelle du verbal dans la culture de l’écriture occidentale est marquée par la typographie. L’invention de l’imprimerie typographique a déclenché un développement qui a changé amplement l’apparence des messages verbaux par rapport aux textes écrits à la méthode traditionnelle. Du fait que les textes typographiques servent comme exemple et comme but sur le plan de la publication assistée par ordinateur (PAO), la tradition typographique persiste aussi au temps de l’informatique. Dans le secteur de la réalisation typographique, une division entre typographie d’amateur et réalisation typographique professionnelle en est la conséquence.La plupart du temps, les textes prévus pour la traduction sont également rédigés en version typographique et font part d’un assemblage de textes soit bicodé soit multicodé. Par ailleurs, les traductions en général en tant que produit intermédiaire sont soumises à une rédaction typographique ou en tant que produit final sont déposées « prêt à publier ». Par conséquent, dans la traduction et dans ses étapes ultérieures, il faut considérer deux aspects de la typographie :1. Le phénomène sémiotique, c’est-à-dire selon la provenance culturelle en ce qui concerne la typographie, il faut compter avec l’existence des signes spécifiques ainsi que leurs différents significations. En conséquence, cela veut dire aussi que les signes typographiques sont employés de différentes façons selon les cultures. Surtout dans les textes littéraires, l’utilisation de certains signes typographiques peut être l’intention de l’auteur faisant partie de l’oeuvre.2. L’aspect visuel dans la réalisation de la traduction : les connaissances culturelles des signes typographiques ainsi que les connaissances des conventions typographiques de la culture de départ et de la culture cible (l’orthotypographie) sont aussi indispensables que les connaissances des processus de réalisation typographique des éditions sur le plan professionnel

Relocation of ORC to OR2

The goal of this Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL) internship project was to maintain safety and quality of care of obstetric (OB) patients undergoing Cesarean Sections (C/S) after operating room for cesarean sections (ORC) is relocated from obstetric unit to the main operating room (OR). The microsystem will accomplish this through effective teamwork, clear interdisciplinary communication, collaboration, and standardization of processes involved. The institution is a not for profit rural health care facility and is a designated Critical Access Hospital; it is located in Northern California. A general obligation bond was passed in 2007 to fund seismic upgrades. Old OB unit was housed in one of the oldest buildings on campus; new seismically compliant unit is being built from the ground up. Supportive data for the projects was collected through Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and process map flowcharts. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and treats (SWOT) analysis of the microsystem was also performed. Relevant stakeholders were included in process development and continuous evaluation upon implementation. Literature review of evidence-based practice (EBP) reviewed decision to incision times and attainability of the 30 minute standard. Kurt Lewin’s Change Theory of unfreezing, moving, and refreezing provided foundation to support this process change. The entire process from planning to implementation, and evaluation is 16 months. The process was implemented on September 3rd, 2014. Clinicians have maintained quality and safety of patient care of obstetric patients undergoing cesarean sections in the new location. Plan do study act (PDSA) cycles have been used to continually monitor and modify process to ensure safety and quality of care