The Effect of Relative Standing on Considerations about Self-Employment

This paper uses unique German data to examine the effects of the relative standing on the individual propensity to become self-employed in the next two years. The results suggest that the relationship between relative wage positions and propensity to become self-employed is U-shaped. This is interpreted as evidence that low status translates into entrepreneurial motivation for workers in low relative wage positions. Employees with high relative standing, in turn, seem to be more concerned about the lack of future career prospects in paid employment and consider self-employment as a next step on the individual career ladder.Relative wage position, status, self-employment

Automatic recognition of vector and parallel operations in a higher level language

A compiler for recognizing statements of a FORTRAN program which are suited for fast execution on a parallel or pipeline machine such as Illiac-4, Star or ASC is described. The technique employs interval analysis to provide flow information to the vector/parallel recognizer. Where profitable the compiler changes scalar variables to subscripted variables. The output of the compiler is an extension to FORTRAN which shows parallel and vector operations explicitly

Suppression of Argonaute 2 Transcript Levels in Du182A Cells

RNA interference (RNAi) uses double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules to degrade and suppress the transcript level of a complementary mRNA target1. The RNAi pathway is complex and includes many different proteins, like argonautes, in the core machinery. Argonautes are dsRNA binding proteins which help recognize and cleave target mRNA molecules. In our experiments, we attempted to suppress the transcript level of argonaute 2 (Ago2) in a Diabrotica undecimpunctata cell line (Du182A) using dsRNA, with the idea of disrupting the RNAi pathway using an RNAi of RNAi technique. Ago2 transcript levels were suppressed following treatment with dsRNA. Future experiments can now use this technique, with some modification to better understand the RNAi pathway

The acceptance of earnings losses after voluntary mobility

Because rational individuals know that they cannot always get what they want, they are assumed to make appropriate adjustments. However, little is known about trade-off reasoning in labor market mobility decision making. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of job-specific amenities on the decision to voluntarily accept wage cuts. Application of German household data reveals that voluntarily mobile workers are more likely to accept lower wages when strain can be improved. In other words, the considered mobile workers trade off amenities and monetary rewards when changing employers

Comparison of Staggered Grid Finite Difference Schemes for Ultrasound Simulation in Curving Composites

The optimization of ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) simulation tools for composites has the potential to reduce both individual part inspection time and overall certification time for composite parts and structures. Inspection guidance based on simulation provides increased confidence in the veracity of inspection results in addition to time reductions. This paper outlines ongoing work targeted to advance this objective through the use of finite difference (FD) simulation techniques formulated for composite structures with realistic geometries. Two staggered grid explicit FD schemes which show promise for this purpose are assessed: the Lebedev FD scheme and the rotated staggered grid (RSG) FD scheme. Algorithmic points which provide challenges for complex geometries are addressed, in particular handling of traction free surfaces and bi-material interfaces present at lamina boundaries. Code execution time estimates are performed as well to guide feasible domain sizes relative to algorithm choice and available hardware. Three test cases are simulated: a delaminated plate, a cylinder, and a triclinic lamina. These tests demonstrate that the Lebedev FD scheme needs additional work to handle inter-laminar interfaces and traction free boundaries in the presence of stair-stepping approximations. In contrast, the simple structure of the RSG unit cell makes it more straightforward to construct a 3D simulation technique for curved composite laminates

Between Words: Popular Culture and the Rise of Print in Seventeenth Century England

Seventeenth century England was forced to come to terms with events such as the Civil War and the regicide of King Charles I, in the midst of contending with the cultural changes brought upon by print culture, the effects of which appeared throughout all aspects of English society. These changes helped form a relationship between print and oral culture, one of negotiation among the producers and regulators of work and the society consuming the works. The discussion of this negotiation has led to varying conclusions concerning the true impact of printed materials on English society and culture, all of which tend to see the relationship in one of two ways: print\u27s undeniable and unprecedented influence on culture, or its function as supplement to oral and visual communication. The latter conclusion helped form the foundation of this study, which aims to further understand the negotiation between print and English society. The close analysis of recurring themes of the supernatural, specifically prophecy, witchcraft, regicide, and the natural world, will show unmistakable similarities between popular entertainment and written works. Through the examination of these themes, this thesis will illustrate the extent to which common imagery and wording appeared in newsbooks and what this says about oral communication and culture in early modern England

Spectacular Imaginations of the Sinking Island

As entire island nations slip beneath rising seas, how can we reimagine a political future where the effects of climate change are already in full force? In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that there is a fundamental lack of legal protections for those fleeing environmental degradation and the effects of global sea level rise. This lack of protection is felt particularly strongly in the Pacific region, where many communities are faced with existential threats to their way of life and self-determination. However, despite this historic lack of support from the international community, the Pacific Islands states have continuously pushed their climate-forward agenda in debates leading up to the landmark 2015 Paris Accords, even going so far as earning themselves multiple mentions in the text of the Accords. In January of 2020, Pacific actors even pressured a landmark UN decision granting international protection to a new class of “climate refugees”--a distinction that had no legal value until this monumental agreement. How did such tiny, geo-politically distant actors create such dramatic movement in a global forum dominated by industrial superpowers? The answer to this puzzle lies within the creative, multifaceted, and sometimes bizarre strategies of Pacific Island leaders in gaining international attention and sympathy towards their cause. Through a collaboration between state and non-state actors, these Pacific Island delegates effectively pushed their climate agenda with a variety of different tactics; namely the dramatic and spectacular performances of Pacific diplomats and the direct incorporation of NGOs into international debate. The case of Pacific Island climate diplomacy challenges our assumptions about the roles of small nation states, grassroots advocacy groups, and media outlets, all while effectively redefining what it means to be a “victim” of global climate change

Making an Employee Wellness Program Work for You

This paper attempts to look at the problems with employee wellness programs and why they\u27re not achieving the results many hoped they would. In addition to looking at why employee wellness programs do not succeed, it attempts to give solutions and tips for better health care outcomes. This paper focuses on the economics of employee wellness programs, the benefits they can provide, and the future of employee wellness. This paper has no additional disclosures or conflicts of interests with outside sources

Academicians: A Discussion of Research Findings on Their Religious and Scientific Orientations

This study explored the following question, ·What type of relationship exists between academic statuses and a religious orientation? Three objectives guided the theme of this paper: 1. Present the views of the Pre-Empirical Period on the compatibility of science and religion. 2. Examine Twentieth Century empirical investigations on the compatibility of science and religion in the lives of academicians. 3. Develop a typology of research conclusions pertaining to the compatibility of science and religion in the lives of academicians. Data concerning the compatibility of science and religion in academicians\u27 lives was extracted from secondary sources whose populations were scientists, college faculty, and graduate students. Researchers\u27 conclusions concerning compatibility were classified into three groups, those asserting, 1. compatibility, 2. partial compatibility, and 3. incompatibility. Evidence indicated all three assertions had some support; however, the compatibility conclusion appeared the most viable argument. Although traditional support for the incompatibility argument was based upon the reasoning that a scholarly education displaced a scientific orientation; an examination of research, both agreeing and disagreeing with this reasoning, overwhelmingly indicated religiosity was determined prior to the reception of a scholarly education. It was the conclusion of this study that scientific and religious perspectives do represent distinctly different ways of relating to the world. However, it was also evident the two views could coexist in real life