The Observation of Jet Azimuthal Angular Decorrelation at FCC-ep

Higher collision energies at future colliders will eventually lead to the falsification of standard fixed-order perturbation theory and linear evolutions due to non-linear structure of QCD at small-x. New physics researches that is strictly based on accurate jet measurements will undoubtedly have this observation known as BFKL effect via angular jet decorrelations taking into account the Mueller-Navelet jets. As one of the frontier colliders, FCC-ep, has a great observation potential on parton densities through asymmetrical collisions. We aim to test the observability of azimuthal angular jet decorrelations with the recent event generators (HERWIG, PYTHIA) at the particle level for FCC-ep centre of mass energies 3.5 TeV in proton-electron collisions. Jets are reconstructed by the Anti-kT algorithm (R = 0.5), with p_{T} > 35 GeV and selected in the range of |y|<6. Relevant rapidity regions has been analyzed with the azimuthal-angle difference between Mueller-Navelet Jets ({\Delta}{\Phi}) in the rapidity seperation ({\Delta}y) and the distributions of cosn({\pi}-{\Delta}{\Phi}) are presented in comparison as the result.Comment: 11 pages, 15 figures, 2 table

Potential for health economics to influence policies on tobacco use during pregnancy in low-income and middle-income countries:a qualitative case study

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco control during pregnancy is a policy priority in high-income countries (HICs) because of the significant health and inequality consequences. However, little evidence exists on interventions to reduce tobacco use in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially for pregnant women. This study aimed to assess how health economics evidence, which is mainly produced in HICs, could be adopted for tobacco cessation policies for pregnant women in LMICs. METHODS: A qualitative case study was conducted in an international public health organisation. The organisation was chosen due to its capacity to influence health policies around the world. Tobacco control experts working in the organisation were identified through purposeful sampling and snowballing. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 informants with relevant experience of countries from all of the regions covered by the organisation. Data were analysed using the framework method. RESULTS: In practice, tobacco cessation during pregnancy was not viewed as a priority in LMICs despite international recognition of the issue. In LMICs, factors including the recorded country-specific prevalence of tobacco use during pregnancy, availability of healthcare resources and the characteristics of potential interventions all affected the use of health economics evidence for policy making. CONCLUSION: The scale of tobacco use among pregnant women might be greater than reported in LMICs. Health economics evidence produced in HICs has the potential to inform health policies in LMICs around tobacco cessation interventions if the country-specific circumstances are addressed. Economic evaluations of cessation interventions integrated into antenatal care with a household perspective would be especially relevant in LMICs

Towards optimum smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy: a household model to explore cost‐effectiveness

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Previous economic evaluations of smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women are limited to single components, which do not in isolation offer sufficient potential impact to address smoking cessation targets. To inform the development of more appropriate complex interventions, we (1) describe the development of the Economics of Smoking in Pregnancy: Household (ESIP.H) model for estimating the life‐time cost‐effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions aimed at pregnant women and (2) use a hypothetical case study to demonstrate how ESIP.H can be used to identify the characteristics of optimum smoking cessation interventions. METHODS: The hypothetical intervention was based on current evidence relating to component elements, including financial incentives, partner smoking, intensive behaviour change support, cigarettes consumption and duration of support to 12 months post‐partum. ESIP.H was developed to assess the life‐time health and cost impacts of multi‐component interventions compared with standard National Health Service (NHS) care in England. ESIP.H considers cigarette consumption, partner smoking and some health conditions (e.g. obesity) that were not included in previous models. The Markov model's parameters were estimated based on published literature, expert judgement and evidence‐based assumptions. The hypothetical intervention was evaluated from an NHS perspective. RESULTS: The hypothetical intervention was associated with an incremental gain in quitters (mother and partner) at 12 months postpartum of 249 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 195–304] per 1000 pregnant smokers. Over the long‐term, it had an incremental negative cost of £193 (CI = –£779 to 344) and it improved health, with a 0.50 (CI = 0.36–0.69) increase in quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) for mothers, partners and offspring, with a 100% probability of being cost‐effective. CONCLUSIONS: The Economics of Smoking in Pregnancy: Household model for estimating cost‐effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions aimed at pregnant women found that a hypothetical smoking cessation intervention would greatly extend reach, reduce smoking and be cost‐effective

Protective effects of aspirin and vitamin C against corn syrup consumption-induced cardiac damage through sirtuin-1 and HIF-1α pathway

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of aspirin (AS) and vitamin C (VC) against cardiac damage induced by chronic corn syrup (CS) consumption via a mechanism involving sirtuin-1 (ST-1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and the caspase-3 pathway in rats. Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (14-16 weeks) that weighed 250-300 g were randomly distributed into 5 groups, each containing 8 rats: control group, CS+AS group, CS+VC group, CS+AS+VC group, and CS group. AS (10 mg/kg/day) and VC (200 mg/kg/day) were orally given to the rats. F30 (30% fructose syrup solution) was given to the rats in drinking water for 6 weeks. The rats were sacrificed by exsanguination 24 h after the last administration. Blood samples and tissue were collected for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test used for the parameters without normal distribution and ANOVA and post-hoc LSD tests were used for parameters with a normal distribution to compare groups. Results: Uric acid, creatine kinase (CKMB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were increased in the CS group compared with the control group (1.45±0.39 and p=0.011; 3225.64±598.25 and p=0.004; 3906.83±1064.22 and p=0.002, respectively) and decreased in all the treatment groups. In addition, increased levels of MDA and decreased activity of CAT in the CS group (0.172±0.03 and p=0.000; 0.070±0.005 and p=0.007, respectively) were reversed with AS and VC therapy. A decrease in ST-1 activity and increases in caspase-3 and HIF-1 activities corrected by VC and AS therapy were observed. Conclusion: AS and VC, which display antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities, ameliorated cardiac damage induced by chronic fructose consumption by increasing the levels of ST-1 and decreasing the levels of HIF-1α and caspase-3. © 2016 by Turkish Society of Cardiology

Financial Development, Technological Innovation and Income Inequality: Time Series Evidence from Turkey

The main aim of the study is to analyze the link between technological innovation and income inequality for Turkey in terms of financial Kuznets curve (FKC) hypothesis. The study uses time-series data from 1987 to 2018. We employ the Hatemi-J cointegration, ARDL bounds test and VECM Granger causality techniques to investigate the relations between the variables. We also employ the DOLS, FMOLS and CCR approaches to estimate the long-run parameters. The results reveal that the series are cointegrated under the structural breaks. The results also reveal that the FKC is valid for Turkish economy in the long run. Technological innovation positively affects income inequality while economic growth is negatively linked with income inequality. There exists a bi-directional causal linkage between financial development and income inequality. Technological innovation and income inequality cause each other. In addition, economic growth causes income inequality. Empirical results suggest a twofold policy implication: i) improvement of the financial system and ii) to eliminate the adverse effects of technological innovations on income distribution. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature

The impact of agricultural sector on environmental pollution: A cointegration and causality analysis for Turkish economy

In recent years, environmental pollution and the accurate determination of the main factors affecting it are an important subject of investigation. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between agricultural sector and environmental pollution in Turkey for the period of 1968-2016. There is no consensus on the empirical relationship between agricultural sector and environmental pollution in the literature. For this reason, the study both contributes to the literature and provides an important evidence for future studies. Agricultural value added and agricultural land are preferred as determinants of agriculture while carbon dioxide emission is used as a measure of environmental degradation. In addition, economic growth and renewable energy consumption are added to the models as other independent variables. In empirical analysis, the relationship between agriculture and environmental pollution is estimated by establishing two models. The methodology comprises of three stages. Firstly, the stationarity properties of the series are tested with conventional unit root tests such as DF-GLS and Ng-Perron. In addition, the stationarity levels of the series are investigated by Zivot-Andrews and Lee-Strazicich structural break unit root tests. Secondly, the cointegration between the series and long-run coefficients are estimated by the ARDL model. Lastly, the existence of causality between the series is determined by the Toda-Yamamoto test. The findings points out a cointegration between the underlying series. The findings also reveal that agricultural value added and agricultural land decrease carbon dioxide emission in the long run. The study supports that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is valid for the Turkish economy. It is found that agriculture causes carbon dioxide emission. Moreover, it is detected that agricultural value added and agricultural land are the causation of renewable energy consumption. Consequently, policy makers should attach more importance to the agricultural sector for sustainable economic development in Turkey. Additionally, the agricultural lands should be protected and encouraged for value added manufacturing. Thus, environmental pollution will tend to decrease. © 2020 Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty. All rights reserved

Tarım ve Çevre Kirliliği Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Bir Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi

In recent years, environmental pollution and the accurate determination of the main factors affecting it are an important subject of investigation. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between agricultural sector and environmental pollution in Turkey for the period of 1968-2016. There is no consensus on the empirical relationship between agricultural sector and environmental pollution in the literature. For this reason, the study both contributes to the literature and provides an important evidence for future studies. Agricultural value added and agricultural land are preferred as determinants of agriculture while carbon dioxide emission is used as a measure of environmental degradation. In addition, economic growth and renewable energy consumption are added to the models as other independent variables. In empirical analysis, the relationship between agriculture and environmental pollution is estimated by establishing two models. The methodology comprises of three stages. Firstly, the stationarity properties of the series are tested with conventional unit root tests such as DF-GLS and Ng-Perron. In addition, the stationarity levels of the series are investigated by Zivot-Andrews and Lee-Strazicich structural break unit root tests. Secondly, the cointegration between the series and long-run coefficients are estimated by the ARDL model. Lastly, the existence of causality between the series is determined by the Toda-Yamamoto test. The findings points out a cointegration between the underlying series. The findings also reveal that agricultural value added and agricultural land decrease carbon dioxide emission in the long run. The study supports that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is valid for the Turkish economy. It is found that agriculture causes carbon dioxide emission. Moreover, it is detected that agricultural value added and agricultural land are the causation of renewable energy consumption. Consequently, policy makers should attach more importance to the agricultural sector for sustainable economic development in Turkey. Additionally, the agricultural lands should be protected and encouraged for value added manufacturing. Thus, environmental pollution will tend to decrease. © 2020 Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty. All rights reserved

The Needle Penetration Test for Predicting Coal Strength

The coal strength parameter is used in operations such as the selection and design of mechanical excavators and coal crushing/grinding equipment. However, coring or cutting prismatic specimens from coal for the standard strength tests is difficult, and sometimes not possible. For this reason a method for the indirect determination of coal strength from easy tests would be useful. In this study, the predictability of coal strength from the needle penetration test was investigated. This is a very easy and practical test method. Point load and needle penetration index (NPI) tests were carried out on coal specimens from Cayirhan coalfield in Turkey. The point load indexes were converted to the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) values by using the general conversion factor. The UCS and NPI values were evaluated using regression analysis. A strong linear relationship was found between the two parameters. The conversion factor for the UCS-NPI ratio is 0.35 for the tested coal samples. It is concluded that the UCS of coal can be predicted from the NPI.WoSScopu

Increasing Turkey's power system flexibility for grid integration of 50% renewable energy share

Secure and reliable operation of power systems with high wind and solar shares requires system flexibility. In this paper, an hourly-based market and grid simulation model is developed to assess security and reliability of a power system with high wind and solar energy share. The model is applied to Turkey as an emerging G20 country that aims to supply its rapidly growing electricity demand from local renewables and lignite as well as nuclear energy. The most ambitious scenario that covers the 2016–2026 period assumes half of all electricity demand is supplied from renewables (30% wind and solar and 20% other resources). This is achieved by ensuring system flexibility through system-friendly location of wind and solar capacity, energy storage, flexible thermal generators, and demand response. Without system flexibility, 3% of renewable power is curtailed and redispatch share required for system security and reliability doubles from current levels. Moreover, additional transmission grid investments are needed. Improving system flexibility ensures secure and reliable operation but increases system costs by 1%–5% with each flexibility option providing different scale benefits, indicating the need for system-wide planning. As gas-based generation declines below 10%, accounting for energy security benefits will be important. On the other hand, coal supply remains around 25% depending on nuclear energy development. At this crossroad, Turkey needs to make its choices to transition to a secure, clean and affordable energy system. The study addresses quantitatively how the flexibility options contribute to such a transition, providing learnings for countries with similar conditions