571 research outputs found
Experimental and analytical performance investigation of air to air two phase closed thermosyphon based heat exchangers
In recent years, the use of wickless heat pipes (thermosyphons) in heat exchangers has been on the rise, particularly in gas to gas heat recovery applications due to their reliability and the level of contingency they offer compared to conventional heat exchangers. Recent technological advances in the manufacturing processes and production of gravity assisted heat pipes (thermosyphons) have resulted in significant improvements in both quality and cost of industrial heat pipe heat exchangers. This in turn has broadened the potential for their usage in industrial waste heat recovery applications. In this paper, a tool to predict the performance of an air to air thermosyphon based heat exchanger using the Δ-NTU method is explored. This tool allows the predetermination of variables such as the overall heat transfer coefficient, effectiveness, pressure drop and heat exchanger duty according to the flow characteristics and the thermosyphons configuration within the heat exchanger. The new tool's predictions were validated experimentally and a good correlation between the theoretical predictions and the experimental data, was observed. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Renal oncocytoma: experience of Clinical Urology A, Urology Department, CHU Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco and literature review
Renal oncocytoma is a rare and benign renal tumor. Only few cases have been reported in Moroccan populations. In the present study, we reportour experiences in the diagnosis, management and follow-up of this disease. We report on six cases of renal oncocytoma indentified between 1990 and 2008 in the urology department of âCHU Ibn Sinaâ in Rabat. These six cases are listed among 130 kidney tumors reported during the study period. We assess the clinical, radiological and therapeutic features of the patients and we review literature. Six cases of renal oncocytoma,representing 4.6% of all primitive kidney tumors treated in our institution during the study period. The mean age was 53 ±9.7 years (range 34 to61 years). One patient was asymptomatic at presentation, five patients (83%) had flank pain and two (33%) had macroscopic hematuria. Thetumor was right sided in 4 cases (66%) and left sided in 2 cases (33%). All patients underwent CT scan which showed, in three cases, a centrallylocated stellate area of low attenuation. The clinical suspicion of oncocytoma was made preoperatively in only 3 patients by imaging studies, but the suspicion of renal cell carcinoma persist and all patients were treated with radical nephrectomy. Definitive diagnosis was made in all cases postoperatively. All the tumors were well circumscribed but unencapsulated. The mean tumor size was 8,75±2,04 cm. Four patients were classified at stage pT2 and two at stage p T1. Most of the pathological features in our patients were typical of this entity. Predominant cell type was a typical oncocytoma with general low mitotic activity. No extension to peri-nephric fat tissue or lymphovascular invasion was observed. After a mean follow-up of 36 months (range 26-62 months), there was neither recurrence nor death from oncocytoma. Accordingly, the disease-specific survival was 100%. Renal oncocytoma has a benign clinical course with excellent long-term outcomes. In our series, it happened mostly in females and is more frequently symptomatic. Although radical nephrectomy is the usual treatment, a conservative approach should be considered whenever there are signs of clinical and radiological presumptions.Key words: Renal oncocytoma, tumor, diagnosis, treatmen
SĂ©minome Spermatocytaire: Ă Propos dâun Cas et Revue de La LittĂ©rature Spermatocytic Seminoma
Le sĂ©minome spermatocytaire est une tumeur rare, reprĂ©sentant moins de 2% des cancers du testicule, survenant essentiellement chez le sujet ĂągĂ©. Nous rapportons une nouvelle observation dâun patient ĂągĂ© de 48 ans. La tumeur se prĂ©sentait comme une prolifĂ©ration de cellules en nappescompactes, avec 3 types cellulaires, des cellules de petite taille, des cellules intermĂ©diaires et des grandes cellules. Il nâa Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ© ni contingent sarcomateux, ni sĂ©minome classique. Lâanalyse en immun histochimie nâa retrouvĂ© aucune expression des cellules tumorales pour les anticorpsclassiques testĂ©s, notamment lâAc anti PLAP et les marqueurs lymphoĂŻdes. Le sĂ©minome spermatocytaire doit ĂȘtre reconnu, car son Ă©volution est trĂšs favorable et ne nĂ©cessite quâune simple orchidectomie, en lâabsence dâun exceptionnel contingent sarcomateux ou de mĂ©tastase oĂč une chimiothĂ©rapie sâimpose
Migration Intravésicale du Dispositif Intra-Utérin à Propos de Cinq Cas
La migration intravĂ©sicale du dispositif intra-utĂ©rin (DIU) par perforation utĂ©rine est une complication rare. Dans cette Ă©tude rĂ©trospective monocentrique, nous prĂ©sentons notre expĂ©rience de 5 cas colligĂ©s au sein de notre Ă©tablissement entre 2004 et 2009. LâĂąge moyen de nos patientes est de 39 ans (32-48 ans). La symptomatologie clinique rĂ©vĂ©latrice Ă©tait dominĂ©e par le syndrome irritatif vĂ©sical. Le diagnostic a Ă©tĂ© Ă©voquĂ© sur le couple Ă©cho/AUSP, puis confirmĂ© par la cystoscopie. Le traitement a consistĂ© en une lithotritie balistique du calcul avec extraction du stĂ©rilet par voie endoscopique chez 4 patientes et extraction chirurgicale chez une seule.Mots clĂ©s : Calcul vĂ©sical, dispositif intra-utĂ©rin, lithotritie balistique, migration
Alpha Bloquants en Urologie
En urologie, les alpha-bloquants occupent une place prĂ©pondĂ©rante dans le traitement de nombreuses pathologies. Ils sont des dĂ©rivĂ©s de la quinazoline comme lâafluzosine, la tĂ©razosine et la doxazosine et des sulfones comme la tamsulosine, la silodosine et la prazosine. Ces molĂ©cules sont largement utilisĂ©es dans la pathologie prostatique et ont un effet relaxant sur les cellules musculaires lisses au niveau du col vĂ©sical avec comme consĂ©quence une amĂ©lioration considĂ©rable des troubles urinaires du bas appareil et de la fonction sexuelle. Ils partagent un avantage majeur, qui est leur rapiditĂ© dâaction symptomatique avec amĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© de vie. Ils ne modifient pas le volume de la prostate et leur association avec dâautres classes thĂ©rapeutiques est prometteuse et a montrĂ© son efficacitĂ©. Ils sont Ă©galement utilisĂ©s dans le traitement de la maladie du col vĂ©sical, la dyssynergie vĂ©sico-sphinctĂ©rienne, la vessie neurologique, le syndrome douloureux pelvien chronique et peuvent favoriser lâexpulsion des calculs de lâuretĂšre en particulier pelvien. Cependant les alpha-bloquants ne sont pas dĂ©nudĂ©s dâeffets indĂ©sirables et leurs contre indications sont bien prĂ©cisĂ©es
A novel role of CD4 Th17 cells in mediating cardiac allograft rejection and vasculopathy
T-bet plays a crucial role in Th1 development. We investigated the role of T-bet in the development of allograft rejection in an established MHC class IIâmismatched (bm12 into B6) model of chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV). Intriguingly, and in contrast to IFN-Îłâ/â mice that are protected from CAV, T-betâ/â recipients develop markedly accelerated allograft rejection accompanied by early severe vascular inflammation and vasculopathy, and infiltration by predominantly IL-17âproducing CD4 T cells. Concurrently, T-betâ/â mice exhibit a T helper type 1 (Th1)âdeficient environment characterized by profound IFN-Îł deficiency, a Th2 switch characterized by increased production of interleukin (IL) 4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 cytokines, as well as increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12p40, and IL-17. Neutralization of IL-17 inhibits accelerated allograft rejection and vasculopathy in T-betâ/â mice. Interestingly, CD4 but not CD8 T cell deficiency in T-betâ/â mice affords dramatic protection from vasculopathy and facilitates long-term graft acceptance. This is the first study establishing that in the absence of Th1-mediated alloimmune responses, CD4 Th17 cells mediate an aggressive proinflammatory response culminating in severe accelerated allograft rejection and vasculopathy. These results have important implications for the development of novel therapies to target this intractable problem in clinical solid organ transplantation
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Blockade of the Programmed Death-1 (PD1) Pathway Undermines Potent Genetic Protection from Type 1 Diabetes
Aims/Hypothesis Inhibition of PD1-PDL1 signaling in NOD mice accelerates onset of type 1 diabetes implicating this pathway in suppressing the emergence of pancreatic beta cell reactive T-cells. However, the molecular mechanism by which PD1 signaling protects from type 1 diabetes is not clear. We hypothesized that differential susceptibility of Idd mouse strains to type 1 diabetes when challenged with anti PDL1 will identify genomic loci that collaborate with PD1 signaling in suppressing type 1 diabetes. Methods: Anti PDL1 was administered to NOD and various Idd mouse strains at 10 weeks of age and onset of disease was monitored by measuring blood glucose levels. Additionally, histological evaluation of the pancreas was performed to determine degree of insulitis. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Log-Rank and Student's t-test. Results: Blockade of PDL1 rapidly precipitated type 1 diabetes in nearly all NOD Idd congenic strains tested, despite the fact that all are moderately (Idd5, Idd3 and Idd10/18) or highly (Idd3/10/18 and Idd9) protected from spontaneous type 1 diabetes by virtue of their protective Idd genes. Only the Idd3/5 strain, which is nearly 100% protected from spontaneous disease, remained normoglycemic following PDL1 blockade. Conclusions: These results indicate that multiple Idd loci collaborate with PD1 signaling. Anti PDL1 treatment undermines a large portion of the genetic protection mediated by Idd genes in the NOD model of type 1 diabetes. Basal insulitis correlated with higher susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. These findings have important implications since the PD1 pathway is a target for immunotherapy
A Novel Clinically Relevant Strategy to Abrogate Autoimmunity and Regulate Alloimmunity in NOD Mice
OBJECTIVE - To investigate a new clinically relevant immunoregulatory strategy based on treatment with murine Thymoglobulin mATG Genzyme and CTLA4-Ig in NOD mice to prevent alloand autoimmune activation using a stringent model of islet transplantation and diabetes reversal. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Using allogeneic islet transplantation models as well as NOD mice with recent onset type 1 diabetes, we addressed the therapeutic efficacy and immunomodulatory mechanisms associated with a new immunoregulatory protocol based on prolonged low-dose mATG plus CTLA4-Ig. RESULTS - BALB/c islets transplanted into hyperglycemic NOD mice under prolonged mATG+CTLA4-Ig treatment showed a pronounced delay in allograft rejection compared with untreated mice (mean survival time: 54 vs. 8 days, P < 0.0001). Immunologic analysis of mice receiving transplants revealed a complete abrogation of autoimmune responses and severe downregulation of alloimmunity in response to treatment. The striking effect on autoimmunity was confirmed by 100% diabetes reversal in newly hyperglycemic NOD mice and 100% indefinite survival of syngeneic islet transplantation (NOD.SCID into NOD mice). CONCLUSIONS - The capacity to regulate alloimmunity and to abrogate the autoimmune response in NOD mice in different settings confirmed that prolonged mATG+CTLA4-Ig treatment is a clinically relevant strategy to translate to humans with type 1 diabetes
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