Induced maturation of penaeid prawns for hatchery operations

For successful hatchery production of penaeid prawn seed a steady supply of spawners of desired species of prawns is a necessary prerequisite. As the collection of spawners from the sea is a costly and uncertain operation, efforts have been made to induce the captive broodstock to mature under controlled conditions

ഏകവർഗ്ഗ മത്സ്യകൃഷി (Monoculture of finfish) Malayalam

ഏകവർഗ്ഗ മത്സ്യകൃഷ

Herbal Remedies for Combating Irradiation: a Green Antiirradiation Approach

Plants play important roles in human life not only as suppliers of oxygen but also as a fundamental resource to sustain the human race on this earthly plane. Plants also play a major role in our nutrition by converting energy from the sun during photosynthesis. In addition, plants have been used extensively in traditional medicine since time immemorial. Information in the biomedical literature has indicated that many natural herbs have been investigated for their efficacy against lethal irradiation. Pharmacological studies by various groups of investigators have shown that natural herbs possess significant radioprotective activity. In view of the immense medicinal importance of natural product based radioprotective agents, this review aims at compiling all currently available information on radioprotective agents from medicinal plants and herbs, especially the evaluation methods and mechanisms of action. In this review we particularly emphasize on ethnomedicinal uses, botany, phytochemistry, mechanisms of action and toxicology. We also describe modern techniques for evaluating herbal samples as radioprotective agents. The usage of herbal remedies for combating lethal irradiation is a green antiirradiation approach for the betterment of human beings without high cost, side effects and toxicity

ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS PRODUCED BY BACILLUS SP. ASSOCIATED WITH ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE

Objective: The World Health Organization estimates that about 8 to 10 million new Tuberculosis (TB) cases occur annually worldwide and its incidence is currently increasing. There are two million deaths from TB each year. The global threat of tuberculosis demands the search for alternative antimycobacterial drugs. The aim of the present study was to determine the antimycobacterial activity of nine crude extracts from a Bacillus sp. N strain associated with entomopathogenic nematode Rhabditis (Oscheius) sp. Methods: The liquid media for fermentation was prepared in TSB alone, LB alone and TSB + LB (1:1) supplemented with six different carbon sources (fructose, maltose, dextrose, mannitol, sucrose and lactose) and after fermentation crude extract was extracted using ethyl acetate. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts was determined using the broth dilution method on middle brook 7H11 against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against VERO cell line. Results: Out of nine extract tested only two recorded activity and significant activity was recorded by TSB+LB+lactose, followed by TSB+LB+fructose. These two extracts were nontoxic to the normal cell line. Conclusion: Purification of these extract will get pure compounds with antimycobacterial activity in future

'जिन्दा पत्थर’ (लाइव रॉक) की स्थापना और अनुरक्षण

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Breeding, larval rearing and seed production of maroon clown Premnas biaculeatus under captive conditions

The maroon clown Premnas biaculeatus is the sole member in the genus Premnas. P. biaculeatus is commonly known as 'Spine-Cheek Anemone fish' because of the presence of a pair of long spines on its pre-operculum. In India, this species is abundant in the coral reef ecosystem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands situated in Bay of Bengal. Their most striking bright red to maroon colouration on entire body and fin, demarcated abruptly with white to golden yellow narrow bands make them as one of the most attractive species among the marine ornamental clown fishes. Most of the salt water ornamental fishes are collected from the wild and hence there is a serious concern in respect of their conservation. Recent studies also showed that wild collected specimens have a dismal survival history in captivity, whereas captivebred clownfish are generally hardier, more disease free, easily adjust to life in aquaria and retain normal colouration. Due to the very high demand of the species in the aquarium fish trade, development of an appropriate technology for its captive production is felt as an alternative means of providing fish for the trade rather than wild collection which may cause depletion of the stocks. In this juncture, a viable technique has been developed in the marine hatchery of CMFRI, Kochi for the captive breeding and juvenile production of P. biaculeatus for the first time in India

Use of gemcitabine and ginger extract infusion may improve the efficiency of cervical cancer treatment

Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells, either by preventing them from multiplying or by causing the cells to self-destruct. However, in most cases, high systemic toxicity and drug resistance limit the successful outcomes of treatment regimes. Prevention of cancer through dietary intervention recently has received an increasing interest and dietary polyphenols have become not only important potential chemopreventive, but also therapeutic, natural agents. Combination of effective chemopreventive agent (such as ginger) with chemotherapeutic agents may enhance efficacy while reducing toxicity to normal tissues, resulting in better survival. In this study, we observed that treatment of human cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa with ethanolic ginger extract in combination with gemcitabine resulted in significant dose-dependent decrease in cell viability. It is noteworthy that use of ginger extract increased the efficacy of gemcitabine and importantly, it was found to be minimally toxic to normal cells. Together, these results suggest a novel mechanism may be involved in the synergistic effect of this combination. Thus, this combination may be an effective modality management in the treatment of cervical cancer

Spawning and larval rearing of Amphiprion ocellaris under captive condition

Marine ornamental fishes have gained much popularity all over the world. India is endowed with a variety of marine ornamental fishes distributed in our coral reef areas which offers vast scope for the development of a domestic as well as export trad

Molecular analysis of three known and one novel LPL variants in patients with type I hyperlipoproteinemia.

Abstract Background and aims Type I hyperlipoproteinemia, also known as familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in LPL, APOC2, APOA5, LMF1 or GPIHBP1 genes. The aim of this study was to identify novel variants in the LPL gene causing lipoprotein lipase deficiency and to understand the molecular mechanisms. Methods and results A total of 3 individuals with severe hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent pancreatitis were selected from the Lipid Clinic at Sahlgrenska University Hospital and LPL was sequenced. In vitro experiments were performed in human embryonic kidney 293T/17 (HEK293T/17) cells transiently transfected with wild type or mutant LPL plasmids. Cell lysates and media were used to analyze LPL synthesis and secretion. Media were used to measure LPL activity. Patient 1 was compound heterozygous for three known variants: c.337T > C (W113R), c.644G > A (G215E) and c.1211T > G (M404R); patient 2 was heterozygous for the known variant c.658A > C (S220R) while patient 3 was homozygous for a novel variant in the exon 5 c.679G > T (V227F). All the LPL variants identified were loss-of-function variants and resulted in a substantial reduction in the secretion of LPL protein. Conclusion We characterized at the molecular level three known and one novel LPL variants causing type I hyperlipoproteinemia showing that all these variants are pathogenic