Emisi Gas Metana dan Karbon Dioksida pada Proses Pengolahan Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to know, calculate and evaluate the concentration of methane gas and carbon dioxide produced in each wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) pond.Method: This research was a qualitative research, using case study design and explanatory approach. The object of this research was the emission of methane gas and carbon dioxide emitted from 12 WWTP ponds.Results: The highest COD and BOD decrement occurred in pond 4 of 39% COD and 61.2% BOD. The highest total methane gas emission was 1.49 x 109 kg hours-1 (1.49 x 106 tons hour-1) occurring in the morning, while the highest total carbon dioxide emission was 2.59 x 109 kg per hour (2.59 x 106 ton hour-1). Conclusion: The concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide gas produced by each WWTP pool varied greatly depending on temperature, residence time and the amount of mud. Methane gas emissions and carbon dioxide emissions occurred in each WWTP pool with the highest methane gas emission value occurring in pond 3 in the afternoon at 356,64 x 106 mg m-2minute-1 and the highest carbon dioxide emissions occur in pond 3 in the afternoon at 402.145 x 106 mg m-2minute-1. The decrease of COD value in whole anaerobic pool was 52,1% and the decrease of COD value in aerobic pool was 27,2%

THE DETERMINATION OF LANDFILL (TPA) ALTERNATIVE LOCATION IN WEST TULANG BAWANG DISTRICT OF LAMPUNG PROVINCE

West Tulang Bawang is one of the new regencies in Indonesia which was a new expanded area that continues to grow. It is followed by population growth rates resulting in increased volume of waste. The landfill (TPA) is an important component of any waste management system. A good waste has several characteristics. To ensure the appropriate selected land, a systematic process must be developed and followed.The study of the selection of the landfill (TPA) is aimed at finding feasible area as the location of the landfill, so that the allocation of the new landfill will be in accordance with local policies in regional spatial planning and meet the criteria of ISO No. 19-3241-1994. The role of Geographic Information System (GIS) in the management of solid waste is important because many aspects of planning and operations are highly dependent on the spatial data. The landfill selection process consists of three stages of filtering, i.e., the feasibility of the environment by utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) to map the location of viable landfill, regional filtering phase based on the regional policy and the elimination filtering using SNI 19-3241-1994.The results of the study showed that with an estimated population in 2033 which is 330 807 people, the amount of waste that will go to the landfill through the 3R principle reached 309.36 m3 / day or 61.87 tons / day so that the area of the required land for the sanitary landfill pattern with a 20 year planning is 17.70 Ha. The alternative location was selected by with a priority level which is located on the Panaragan Jaya Utama of Central Tulang Bawang sub-district with a land of 99.68 hectares, Tulang Bawang village districts Panaragan Central with a land area of 136.26 ha and the Kagungan Ratu village of Tulang Bawang sub-district of 74 , 65 Ha

Study of chromium removal from wastewater using SSF-CW model: comparison between physical adsorption by coal CFA and phytoremediation by vetiver grass (Vetiveria Zizanioides L)

The study aims to compare the effectiveness of chromium removal from water using adsorption by coal fly ash (CFA) and phytoremediation by vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L) as well as a combination of both CFA and vetiver grass. The experiment was carried out in four different reactors, having size of 100 cm (length) x 60 cm (wide) x 80 cm (height). One reactor was filled with gravel and CFA, without vetiver grass (RI), while another one was filled with gravel and vetiver grass, without CFA (RIV). The other two reactors were filled with gravel, CFA, and vetiver grass with the mass ratio of gravel/CFA of (25:2) and (25:1), denoted as RII and RIII, respectively. Fifty (50) L of synthetic wastewater containing 14.612 ppm of chromium was filled into the reactors and continuously recirculated for 15 days. Chromium accumulation in CFA and plants was analyzed on day 15. The results of plant development are indicated by the presence of new shoots and roots that grow during phytoremediation processes. In addition, there was an increase in weight and number of vetiver stems indicating the persistency of vetiver grass in such a harsh wastewater condition. The removal of Cr from wastewater in RI, RII, RIII and RIV at days 15 were 81%, 93.2%, 85.8% and 75.7%, respectively. It can be concluded that: (1) vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L) has high potential as phytoremediator plant, (2) Chromium adsorption by CFA plays important role in Cr removal from wastewater, and (3) combination of adsorption by CFA and a phytoremediation by vetiver grass significantly increases the removal of chromium from wastewater

Identifikasi kepekaan operasi reaktor alir tangki berpengaduk untuk reaksi paralel melalui model matematik

ABSTRACT: A Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) has been simulated matematically. The reactor is used to process a paralel reaction, A to be B and C. By the use of mass and energy balance, the process could be formulated in four nonliniear ordinary deferential equations. Because of their reaction characteristics, operating condition and multiplicity has to be investigated. Operating temperature was chosed based on conversion, productivity, and selectivity. Normal feed flow rate, which is represented in Damkohler number, was taken to avoid multiplicity. The sensivity of CSTR was identified by using all possible disturbances on the process, i.e. feed flow rate, feed temperature, and feed concentration. Computations was done both for nonlinier differential equations and linierized arround steady state differential equations. The simulation shows that their result are different significantl

Pengaruh Variasi Tegangan dan Rasio [H2O2]/[COD] terhadap Penurunan COD pada Vinasse dengan Proses Elektro-Fenton

Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh tegangan dan rasio [H2O2]/[COD] padapenurunan kebutuhan oksigen kimiawi (COD) pada pengolahan vinasse menggunakan Elektro-Fenton. Vinasse, salah satu limbah industri bioethanol memiliki kandungan bahan organik yang tinggi dengan ditandai tingginya kadar COD hingga lebih dari 100 g/L. Proses Elektro-Fenton (EF) merupakan salah satu metode proses oksidasi lanjutan (AOP) untuk menurunkan konsentrasi senyawa organik beracun yang dapat menghambat pengolahan air limbah proses biologis dengan meningkatkan proses reaksi fenton yang memanfaatkan proses elektrokimia. Metode elektrokimia yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu elektrolisis dengan menggunakan elektroda besi. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh tegangan dan rasio [H2O2]/[COD] untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas reaksi Elektro-Fenton. Hasil dari percobaan menggunakan reaksi Elektro-Fenton menunjukkan penurunan COD sebesar 59,25% pada tegangan 6 dan rasio [H2O2]/[COD] sebesar 0,7 yang menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan EF efektif untuk mereduksi bahan organik dalam vinasse yang dapat menghambat pengolahan air limbah proses biologis. Studi ini menghasilkan bahwa perlakuan Elektro-Fenton mampu menurunkan COD dalam vinasse dan mengurangi dampak lingkungan yang dihasilkan oleh vinasse.Kata Kunci : proses oksidasi lanjutan, vinasse, elektro-fenton, wastewater treatment, kebutuhan oksigenkimiaw

Pengaruh Variasi Rasio H2O2/COD dan Tegangan Terhadap Penurunan COD Air Limbah Rumah Sakit dengan Metode Elektro – Fenton

Limbah Rumah Sakit memiliki senyawa polutan yang tinggi, beracun, dan bahkan ada yang bersifat radioaktif. Limbah yang paling banyak terdapat di Rumah Sakit yaitu limbah dalam bentuk cair yang mengandung limbah obat – obatan seperti jenis antibiotik, beberapa mikroorganisme patogen, dan kandungan logam berat yang dapat mencemari lingkungan hidup, mengganggu kesehatan manusia dan makhluk hidup lain. Limbah Rumah Sakit Kota Yogyakarta mempunyai kadar COD yang tinggi yaitu 421,03 mg/L dengan pH sebesar 7,3. Advanced Oxidation Process (AOPs) telah banyak terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar COD limbah industri maupun domestik. Pada penelitian ini, AOPs yang dipilih adalah Elektro – Fenton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kondisi operasi yang maksimum pada metode Elektro - Fenton dan mengetahui pengaruh dari parameter yang digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Penanganan uji COD dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengurangan kadar oksigen pada air limbah agar sesuai dengan standar baku mutu air limbah Rumah Sakit yang dapat dibuang ke lingkungan yaitu sebesar 80 ppm. Proses Elektro – Fenton dilakukan secara batch, dengan variasi rasio H2O2/COD yang digunakan terdiri dari 2,125; 10; dan 19, 16 (g/g). Sedangkan variasi tegangan sebesar 3 volt, 4 volt, dan 5 volt. Kondisi maksimum diperoleh pada rasio H2O2/COD 10 (g/g) dan tegangan 4 volt dengan waktu kontak 60 menit. Kata Kunci : air limbah rumah sakit, elektro – fenton, proses oksidasi lanjutan, kebutuhan oksigen kimiawi, hidrogen peroksid

Studi Biodegradasi Poli Hidroksi Butirat Dalam Media Cair (Biodegradation of Poly Hydroxy Butyrate in Liquid Medium)

Poly hidroxy butyrate (PHB) is a member of bioplastic group. This type of plastic is expected to be alternative plastic which is environmently friendly to replace synthetic plastic that is known to be very difficult to degrade. This research aims to test the biodegradability of commercial PHB in liquid mediums used activated sludge from waste water treatment plant in plastic synthetic factory. Identification of biodegradation process was done by monitoring the changes of PHB characteristics including visual change, surface morphology change, reduction of weight, reduction of crystallinity, and reduction of molecular weight during 15 weeks incubation. The result shows that the damage of PHB sample during biodegradation could be seen visually and liquid medium show the existence of change which can be seen visually and the surface morphology of PHB changed significantly. Weight reduction, crystallinity reduction, and molecular weight reduction revealed of 22.91%, 57.44%, and 29.52% respectively

Pemodelan Matematis Pengurangan COD Dalam Air Limbah Industri Penyamakan Kulit Secara Adsorpsi Kontinyu Menggunakan Abu Terbang Bagas

The objective of this research was to obtain suitable mathematical model for ChemicalOxygen Demand (COD) removal originated from tannery wastewater using bagasse fly ash incontinuous system. In the column experiment, effect of flowrate, concentration of wastewater,and bulk density were studied. Three models: Adams-Bohart, Thomas, and Yan were applied toexperimental data to predict the breakthrough curve. The best model was evaluated usingcorrelation coefficients. Yan model was found to give the most accurate to describe dynamicbehavior of the column experiment. The best result was obtained at flowrate of 100 mL/min,concentration of 400 mg/L, and bulk density of 61 g/L. The Yan kinetic constant (k ) and the Yadsorption capacity (q ) were 0.3210 mL/mg/min and 17.0947 mg/g respectively and the Ycorrelation coefficient obtained was 0.9379