Actions for a didactic zoology collection organization in a Uberlândia, MG school

The use of Didactic Laboratory in Sciences Teaching has been raising great interest among researchers in the last decades. Hearing about an organism in classroom is, in general, less interesting and efficient than seeing and handling it, which justifies the inclusion of field trips, demonstrations and practical classes. The development of practical activities is important, enabling students to have direct contact with the organisms studied in theoretical classes. The general objective was to organize a zoological didactic collection in a Uberlândia-MG school - E.E. Frei Egídio Parisi laboratory. An investigation about high school students' perceptions concerning practical activities in laboratory was also accomplished through an applied questionnaire. The answers demonstrated a low attendance to the lab, but they revealed important information about practical activities emphasizing the great interest and expectation for these activities by the students.</p

ACCIONES PARA LA ORGANIZACIÓN DE UNA COLECCIÓN DIDÁCTICA DE ZOOLOGÍA EN UNA ESCUELA DE UBERLÂNDIA, MG

O uso do Laboratório Didático no Ensino das Ciências tem despertado grande interesse entre os pesquisadores nas últimas décadas. Ouvir falar de um organismo em sala de aula é, em geral, menos interessante e eficiente do que ver e manusear, o que justifica a inclusão das excursões, demonstrações e aulas práticas. É importante o desenvolvimento de atividades práticas possibilitando aos alunos ter contato direto com os organismos estudados nas aulas teóricas. O objetivo geral foi organizar uma coleção didática zoológica no laboratório da E.E.F.E.P de Uberlândia-MG. Também foi realizada uma investigação sobre as percepções dos alunos do ensino médio com referência às atividades práticas em laboratório por meio de um questionário. As respostas demonstraram uma baixa freqüência quanto ao uso do laboratório, mas revelaram importantes informações sobre as atividades práticas, ressaltando o grande interesse e expectativa quanto a estas atividades por parte dos alunos.The use of Didactic Laboratory in Sciences Teaching has been raising great interest among researchers in the last decades. Hearing about an organism in classroom is, in general, less interesting and efficient than seeing and handling it, which justifies the inclusion of field trips, demonstrations and practical classes. The development of practical activities is important, enabling students to have direct contact with the organisms studied in theoretical classes. The general objective was to organize a zoological didactic collection in a Uberlândia-MG school - E.E. Frei Egídio Parisi laboratory. An investigation about high school students' perceptions concerning practical activities in laboratory was also accomplished through an applied questionnaire. The answers demonstrated a low attendance to the lab, but they revealed important information about practical activities emphasizing the great interest and expectation for these activities by the students.El uso de Laboratorio Didáctico en la Enseñanza de Ciencias ha despertado un gran interés entre los investigadores en las últimas décadas. Escuchar hablar de un organismo en clases teóricas es, en general, menos interesante y eficiente que ver y manipular, lo que justifica la inclusión de excursiones, demostraciones y clases prácticas. Es importante el desarrollo de actividades prácticas, posibilitando a los alumnos el tener contacto directo con los organismos estudiados en las clases teóricas. El objetivo general fue organizar una colección didáctica en el laboratorio de la E.E.F.E.P de Uberlândia, MG. También se realizó una investigación sobre las percepciones de los alumnos de enseñanza media (bachillerato) con referencia a las actividades prácticas en laboratorio por medio de un cuestionario. Las respuestas demostraron una baja frecuencia en cuanto al uso del laboratorio, pero revelaron importantes informaciones sobre las actividades prácticas, resaltando el gran interés y expectativa con relación a estas actividades por parte de los alumnos

ACCIONES PARA LA ORGANIZACIÓN DE UNA COLECCIÓN DIDÁCTICA DE ZOOLOGÍA EN UNA ESCUELA DE UBERLÂNDIA, MG

O uso do Laboratório Didático no Ensino das Ciências tem despertado grande interesse entre os pesquisadores nas últimas décadas. Ouvir falar de um organismo em sala de aula é, em geral, menos interessante e eficiente do que ver e manusear, o que justifica a inclusão das excursões, demonstrações e aulas práticas. É importante o desenvolvimento de atividades práticas possibilitando aos alunos ter contato direto com os organismos estudados nas aulas teóricas. O objetivo geral foi organizar uma coleção didática zoológica no laboratório da E.E.F.E.P de Uberlândia-MG. Também foi realizada uma investigação sobre as percepções dos alunos do ensino médio com referência às atividades práticas em laboratório por meio de um questionário. As respostas demonstraram uma baixa freqüência quanto ao uso do laboratório, mas revelaram importantes informações sobre as atividades práticas, ressaltando o grande interesse e expectativa quanto a estas atividades por parte dos alunos.The use of Didactic Laboratory in Sciences Teaching has been raising great interest among researchers in the last decades. Hearing about an organism in classroom is, in general, less interesting and efficient than seeing and handling it, which justifies the inclusion of field trips, demonstrations and practical classes. The development of practical activities is important, enabling students to have direct contact with the organisms studied in theoretical classes. The general objective was to organize a zoological didactic collection in a Uberlândia-MG school - E.E. Frei Egídio Parisi laboratory. An investigation about high school students' perceptions concerning practical activities in laboratory was also accomplished through an applied questionnaire. The answers demonstrated a low attendance to the lab, but they revealed important information about practical activities emphasizing the great interest and expectation for these activities by the students.El uso de Laboratorio Didáctico en la Enseñanza de Ciencias ha despertado un gran interés entre los investigadores en las últimas décadas. Escuchar hablar de un organismo en clases teóricas es, en general, menos interesante y eficiente que ver y manipular, lo que justifica la inclusión de excursiones, demostraciones y clases prácticas. Es importante el desarrollo de actividades prácticas, posibilitando a los alumnos el tener contacto directo con los organismos estudiados en las clases teóricas. El objetivo general fue organizar una colección didáctica en el laboratorio de la E.E.F.E.P de Uberlândia, MG. También se realizó una investigación sobre las percepciones de los alumnos de enseñanza media (bachillerato) con referencia a las actividades prácticas en laboratorio por medio de un cuestionario. Las respuestas demostraron una baja frecuencia en cuanto al uso del laboratorio, pero revelaron importantes informaciones sobre las actividades prácticas, resaltando el gran interés y expectativa con relación a estas actividades por parte de los alumnos

Zika virus and measures of legal interventions in public health

The zika virus is an emerging and important world health problem. In public health its harmful effects have stimulated various legal interests. The Federal Government of Brazil recently adopted several social and health surveillance measures, extending the instruments of possibilities to combating the virus transmitter in Brazil. Law No. 13.306/2016 brought incisive determinations about action awareness policies and educational campaigns, and at the same time authorizes the highest authorities of the Unified Health System (SUS) within federal, state, county and municipal governments to establish and implement the necessary measures to control the diseases caused by the virus, i.e. dengue, chikungunya and zika. The published legislation has created a motivating environment for researchers to develop projects aimed at the mosquito that transmits the dengue virus, the chikungunya virus and the zika virus. Therefore, studies on A. aegypti have led to greater scientifi c knowledge about its habitat, reproduction and development and a description of means to combat it, as a precondition for the ful filment of the social purposes of Law No. 13.301, of June 27, 2016, mainly if researches about more efficient management models and management of public finances, contributing to unveiling impacts on public health and growth and human development

Judicialização da saúde na Amazônia Ocidental: decisões coletivas do tribunal de justiça do Estado do Acre, Brasil

Introduction: the judicialization of health is an alternative to the health services in Brazil, despite criticism of judicial decisions and control of public health policy. The large number of actions that demand health services is a health problem that characterizes the political, social, ethical, legal, and health systems of the Public Health Policy. Objective: to analyze the judicialization of health care in the Acre State, Brazil, from 2010 to 2016. Methods: it is a documentary and cross-sectional study of collegiate decisions, with final judgments, in the period from 2010 to 2016, issued by the Court of Justice of the State of Acre, Results: all proposed actions were Writ of Mandamus. The use of preliminary injunction was the most common strategy (n = 34; 94.44%). One third of the respondents were not questioned by the State of Acre (n = 9; 25%) as decisions of the Court of Justice on health concern medicines, examinations, and procedures, in these cases, it only manages interests, with no litigation per se. (n = 25, 69.44%). Men and women demanded in the same proportion, all of them characterized by living in poverty (n = 28; 77.78%). Conclusion: the collective health decisions handed down by the State Court of Justice Acre, Brazil, guarantee access to health goods and services to the claimants, with emphasis on preliminary injunctions and grounds based on the principle of human dignity, physical integrity and life, and on medical prescriptions in each specific case and, in a third of the cases, serving as a mere administration of interests.Introdução: a judicialização da saúde é uma alternativa aos serviços de saúde no Brasil, apesar das críticas às decisões judiciais e ao controle das políticas públicas de saúde. O grande número de ações que demandam serviços de saúde é um problema de saúde que caracteriza os sistemas político, social, ético, jurídico e de saúde da Política Pública de Saúde. Objetivo: analisar a judicialização da saúde no Brasil, Amazônia Ocidental, de 2010 a 2016. Método: estudo documental e transversal de decisões colegiadas, com sentenças definitivas, no período de 2010 a 2016, proferidas pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Acre, cujo foco principal é o contexto, fatores e consequências que os conduzem ao seu direito à saúde no Judiciário. Resultados: todas as ações propostas eram mandatos de segurança. O uso de liminar foi uma estratégia comum entre os autores (n = 34; 94,44%). um terço dos respondentes não foi contestado pelo Estado do Acre (n = 9; 25%). Já as decisões do Tribunal de Justiça em matéria de saúde dizem respeito a medicamentos, exames e procedimentos (n = 25, 69,44%). Homens e mulheres propõem a mesma proporção e uma característica básica dos autores é a pobreza (n = 28; 77,78%). Conclusão: as decisões coletivas de saúde proferidas pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado são legais, constitucionais e refletem a alteração entre todos os órgãos que integram a relação em que se estabelece a judicialização, que pode ser alcançada por meio do aprimoramento do processo de incorporação. tecnologias ao SUS, para a boa execução da política pública de saúde, com a manutenção dos princípios da universalidade e integralidade do Sistema Único de Saúde

A ética do silêncio racial no contexto urbano: políticas públicas e desigualdade social no Recife, 1900-1940

Mais de meio século após o preconceito racial ter se tornado o principal alvo dos movimentos urbanos pelos direitos civis nos Estados Unidos e na África do Sul, e décadas depois do surgimento dos movimentos negros contemporâneos no Brasil, o conjunto de ferramentas legislativas criado no Brasil para promover o direito à cidade ainda adere à longa tradição brasileira de silêncio acerca da questão racial. Este artigo propõe iniciar uma exploração das raízes históricas desse fenômeno, remontando ao surgimento do silêncio sobre a questão racial na política urbana do Recife, Brasil, durante a primeira metade do século XX. O Recife foi eé um exemplo paradigmático do processo pelo qual uma cidade amplamente marcada por traços negros e africanos chegou a ser definida política e legalmente como um espaço pobre, subdesenvolvido e racialmente neutro, onde as desigualdades sociais originaram na exclusão capitalista, e não na escravidão e nas ideologias do racismo científico. Neste sentido, Recife lança luzes sobre a política urbana que se gerou sob a sombra do silêncio racial.More than half a century after racial prejudice became central to urban civil rights movements in the United States and South Africa, and decades after the emergence of Brazil’s contemporary Black movements, Brazil's internationally recognized body of rights-to-the-city legislation still adheres to the country's long historical tradition of racial silence. This article explores the historical roots of this phenomenon by focusing on the emergence of racial silence in Recife, Brazil during the first half of the 20th Century. Recife was and remains a paradigmatic example of the process through which a city marked by its Black and African roots came to be legally and politically defined as a poor, underdeveloped and racially neutral space, where social inequalities derived from capitalist exclusion rather than from slavery and scientific racism. As such, Recife'sexperience sheds light on the urban policies that were generated in the shadow of racial silence

Collision of fundamental human rights and the right to health access during the novel coronavirus pandemic

COVID-19 requires governmental measures to protect healthcare system access for people. In this process, the collision of fundamental rights emerges as a crucial challenge for decision-making. Policy Options and Implications: This policy review analyzes selected articles by the PubMed searcher about extreme measures taken in several countries during precedent pandemics and the current pandemic, and selects hard decisions relating to the exceptional measures taken by judicial departments in Brazil, connecting them to the “collision of fundamental rights and law principles.” The collision of rights and principles imposed on decision makers a duty to provide balanced rights, and to adopt the enforcement of some rights prioritization. Ethical concerns were also verified in this field involving rights limitations. During a pandemic, the importance of extreme measures to protect health rights and healthcare systems is instrumental for focused, fast, and correct decision making to avoid loss of life and the collapse of healthcare systems. The main goals of this research are to discuss the implications and guidelines for public health decision making, the indispensable ethical and legal aspects for safeguarding health systems and the lives of people, and the respect of the Justice principle and of fundamental health and dignity rights. We conclude that COVID-19 justifies the prioritization of collective and individual health access rights. Acceptable standards of fundamental rights restrictions are established at the constitutional and international levels and must be enforced by rules and governmental action, to ensure fast and accurate decision making during a pandemic. Freedom rights exercises must be linked to solidarity for the realization of social welfare, for the health rights of all individuals and for health systems to function well during a pandemic. Actionable Recommendations: All individuals are free and equal, therefore social exclusion is prohibited. Institutions must consider social inequalities when discussing public health measures and be guided by ethical standards, by law principles, and rules recognized by constitutional and international law for the benefit of all during a health pandemic. Conclusions: Collective and individual health rights prevail over the collision of rights when facing pandemic occurrences, case by case, in health systems protection, based on the literature, on precedent pandemics and on legitimate Public Health efforts

Sofosbuvir inhibits yellow fever virus in vitro and in patients with acute liver failure

Introduction and objectives: Direct antiviral agents (DAAs) are very efficient in inhibiting hepatitis C virus and might be used to treat infections caused by other flaviviruses whose worldwide detection has recently increased. The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of DAAs in inhibiting yellow fever virus (YFV) by using drug repositioning (a methodology applied in the pharmaceutical industry to identify new uses for approved drugs). Materials and methods: Three DAAs were evaluated: daclatasvir, sofosbuvir and ledipasvir or their combinations. For in vitro assays, the drugs were diluted in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide. Vaccine strain 17D and a 17D strain expressing the reporter fluorescent protein were used in the assays. A fast and reliable cell-based screening assay using Vero cells or Huh-7 cells (a hepatocyte-derived carcinoma ell line) was carried out. Two patients who acquired yellow fever virus with acute liver failure were treated with sofosbuvir for one week as a compassionate use. Results: Using a high-content screening assay, we verified that sofosbuvir presented the best antiviral activity against YFV. Moreover, after an off-label treatment with sofosbuvir, the two female patients diagnosed with yellow fever infection displayed a reduction in blood viremia and an improvement in the course of the disease, which was observed in the laboratory medical parameters related to disease evolution. Conclusions: Sofosbuvir may be used as an option for treatment against YFV until other drugs are identified and approved for human use. These results offer insights into the role of nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) in YFV inhibition and suggest that nonstructural proteins may be explored as drug targets for YFV treatment