25 research outputs found

    Effect of VDR gene polymorphisms on osteocalcin secretion in calcitriol-stimulated human osteoblasts

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    Effect of VDR gene polymorphisms on osteocalcin secretion in calcitriol-stimulated human osteoblasts.BackgroundThe impact of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms in bone metabolism remains controversial. Some authors have found a beneficial effect of some VDR gene polymorphisms, while others found no differences, or even a lower bone mass in subjects with the same type of polymorphisms. The aim of this study was to assess if the VDR gene polymorphisms could have an effect on the calcitriol-stimulated osteocalcin in human osteoblasts.MethodsOsteoblasts were obtained from human femoral necks replaced because of osteoarthritis. Bones were cut into pieces of 1 to 2mm and placed in a nylon mesh. After the migration of osteoblasts, the pieces were collected and cultured with different concentrations of calcitriol (10−8, 10−9, and 10−10 mol/L). After 48 hours of incubation with calcitriol, the osteocalcin secreted into the medium (corrected by either total proteins or total DNA content) was measured. The DNA was extracted from the osteoblasts, amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and analyzed for target sequences sites of the BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, and FokI restriction enzymes.ResultsThe response observed in osteocalcin secretion in the bb or TT genotypes doubled the response observed in the BB or tt genotypes (calcitriol 10−8 and 10−9 mol/L). A slight trend was also observed with the aa genotype. Men showed higher levels of osteocalcin secretion than women. Age did not show any influence in osteocalcin secretion.ConclusionVDR alleles and gender demonstrated an effect on the osteocalcin secretion. BB or tt genotypes, and also the “A” allele, showed the lowest calcitriol-stimulated osteocalcin secretion

    The role of competition and herbivory in biotic resistance against invaders: a synergistic effect

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    Invasive species pose a major threat to global diversity, and once they are well established their eradication typically becomes unfeasible. However, certain natural mechanisms can increase the resistance of native communities to invaders and can be used to guide effective management policies. Both competition and herbivory have been identified as potential biotic resistance mechanisms that can limit plant invasiveness, but it is still under debate to what extent they might be effective against well-established invaders. Surprisingly, whereas biotic mechanisms are known to interact strongly, most studies to date have examined single biotic mechanisms separately, which likely influences our understanding of the strength and effectiveness of biotic resistance against invaders. Here we use long-term field data, benthic assemblage sampling, and exclusion experiments to assess the effect of native assemblage complexity and herbivory on the invasion dynamics of a successful invasive species, the alga Caulerpa cylindracea. A higher complexity of the native algal assemblage limited C. cylindracea invasion, probably through competition by canopy-forming and erect algae. Additionally, high herbivory pressure by the fish Sarpa salpa reduced C. cylindracea abundance by more than four times. However, long-term data of the invasion reflects that biotic resistance strength can vary across the invasion process and it is only where high assemblage complexity is concomitant with high herbivory pressure, that the most significant limitation is observed (synergistic effect). Overall, the findings reported in this study highlight that neglecting the interactions between biotic mechanisms during invasive processes and restricting the studied time scales may lead to underestimations of the true capacity of native assemblages to develop resistance to invaders.Versión del editor4,84

    Maturity and harvest indices in papaya Maradol

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    [SPA] El incremento en la producción de papaya Maradol en México crea la necesidad de generar conocimientos para mejorar su manejo poscosecha, un aspecto importante es el momento oportuno para realizar la cosecha para asegurar que los frutos maduren adecuadamente y alcancen sus atributos de calidad característicos. Los objetivos fueron conocer los cambios de los componentes de los atributos de calidad que ocurren en el proceso de maduración, conocer si estos componentes se mantienen cuando cambian las condiciones de manejo tecnológico de la parcela y determinar estados tempranos de maduración para usarlos como índices de cosecha. Se usaron frutos de dos parcelas comerciales, la parcela 1 emplea tecnología intermedia y destina su producto a mercado local, la parcela 2 se utiliza tecnología alta y destina su producto a mercado de exportación. Los frutos se recolectaron en estado inmaduro y en madurez fisiológica, se almacenaron a 23 oC hasta que llegaron a estados intermedios y madurez de consumo. Se determinaron azúcares totales, azúcares reductores, sólidos solubles totales, color y firmeza. Los azúcares y los sólidos solubles totales fueron más altos en la localidad 2 alcanzando más del 12 % de Brix en los estados de madurez de consumo. Los valores de firmeza de la pulpa fueron muy semejantes en los frutos de las dos localidades y permite diferenciar a los cuatro últimos estados de maduración. Todos los componentes del color en la pulpa (L*, a*, b*) marcan notoriamente el inicio de la maduración pero tienen la desventaja de requerir un muestreo destructivo. La escala b* permite diferenciar el inicio de la maduración en la cáscara cuando adquiere valores cercanos a 32. Los estados 1, 2 y 3 pueden ser utilizados como índices para el momento de la cosecha tanto para fines comerciales como para fines de investigación. [ENG] The increase in papaya Maradol production in Mexico creates the necessity to generate knowledge to improve postharvest handling systems. An important aspect is the determination of the exact moment to harvest in order to assure that the fruits mature properly and reach their typical attributes of quality. The objectives of the present work were to define the changes in quality attributes that occur in the process of maturation, to know if these components stay when the handling conditions change from one plantation to another and to determine early stages of maturation to use them as harvest indices. Fruits of two comercial plantations were used, plantation 1 where intermediate handling technology was used oriented to local market, plantation 2 where high handling technology was used oriented to export markets. The fruits were collected in immature and physiological maturity stages, they were stored at 23 oC until they reach the stage of intermediate consumption maturity. Total sugars, reducing sugars, total soluble solutes, color and firmness were determined. Sugars and total soluble solutes were higher at plantation 2, reaching values of 12% Brix at the stage of consumption maturity. The values of firmness of the flesh were very similar in the fruits of the two plantations and data allow the clear differentiation of four stages of maturation. All the component of the color in the flesh (L*, a*, b*) allow the confirmation of well-known marks of the beginning of maturation but they have the disadvantage to require a destructive sampling. The scale b* measured in the skin allows to differentiate the beginning of maturation when it reaches values around 32. Stages 1, 2 and 3 can be used as harvest índices for commercial aims as well as for research purposes.Se extiende el agradecimiento: al Profr. Raúl Monforte Peniche (Grupo Agropecuario Sucilá SPR de CV) por proporcionar los frutos y las facilidades para la realización de este trabajo

    Slavery and the african cultural legacy in the Caribbean

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    Con autorización de la editorial para este libro.[EN] The purpose of this book is to raise awareness among a wide audience of one of the most significant and shameful phenomena for humanity, as was the enslavement of over twelve and a half million Africans who were brought to America and forced to work and live as slaves. Many countries participated in the slave trade at different times and withvaried intensity (Great Britain, Portugal, France, Spain, Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, United States...).[ES] El propósito de esta obra es dar a conocer a un público amplio uno de los fenómenos de mayor trascendencia y vergüenza para la humanidad como fue la esclavización de más de doce millones y medio de africanos que fueron trasladados a América, obligados a trabajar y vivir como esclavos. Muchos países participaron en la trata de esclavos en distintos momentos y con diferente intensidad (Gran Bretaña, Portugal, Francia, España, Dinamarca, Países Bajos, Alemania, Estados Unidos…).Connected Worlds: The Caribbean, Origin of Modern World. This project has received funding from the European Union´s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement Nº 823846. This project is directed by professor Consuelo Naranjo Orovio, Institute of History-CSIC.Peer reviewe

    Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

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    The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

    VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

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    Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

    Control de dos especies de "colletotrichum" causantes de antracnosis en frutos de papaya maradol

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    La antracnosis es una limitante de la vida útil de los frutos de papaya, es causada principalmente por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, aunque es posible encontrar otras especies de Colletotrichum causando enfermedades en un mismo cultivo. Para el control de la antracnosis en Yucatán se recomiendan varios fungicidas, pero no todos están permitidos por la agencia de protección al ambiente (EPA) de los Estados Unidos de América, principal país al cual se exporta la papaya yucateca. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivos identificar el agente causal de la antracnosis de papaya en Yucatán, evaluar el efecto de fungicidas que cuentan con registro de EPA sobre las especies que causan antracnosis y explorar el efecto de inductores a resistencia en el control de esta enfermedad. Durante marzo y mayo de 2006 se obtuvieron nueve aislamientos de Colletotrichum en frutos de tres regiones productoras de Yucatán, los cuales se identificaron mediante claves taxonómicas. La evaluación de los productos se hizo mediante bioensayos de sensibilidad in vitro y la efectividad en frutos inoculados, posteriormente en agosto de 2007, noviembre de 2007 y febrero de 2008, se evaluó el efecto de la aplicación poscosecha de los fungicidas e inductores de resistencia sobre la antracnosis en frutos infectados naturalmente desde campo. En las tres localidades se encontraron dos especies que causan antracnosis identificadas como C. gloeosporioides y C. dematium. En condiciones in vitro el desarrollo de C. gloeosporioides fue inhibido por prochloraz, ferbam, azoxystrobin, tryfloxystrobin y clorotalonil; el desarrollo de C. dematium fue inhibido sólo por prochloraz, ferbam y clorotalonil. En frutos inoculados prochloraz tuvo 100% de efectividad para las dos especies, mientras que azoxystrobin tuvo 87.5% de efectividad para C. gloeosporioides y 3.3% para C. dematium.Anthracnose is a limitation of papaya fruits' life, mainly caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, although it is possible to find other Colletotrichum species causing diseases in the same crop. In order to control anthracnose in Yucatán, several fungicides are recommended, but not all of them are allowed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States, the main country to which Yucatan¿s papaya is exported. This study aimed to identify the causal agent of anthracnose of papaya in Yucatan, to evaluate the effect of fungicides that have EPA registration on species that cause anthracnose and to explore the effect of resistance inducers in controlling this disease. During March and May 2006, nine isolates of Colletotrichum were obtained from fruits of three producing regions of Yucatán, which were identified using taxonomic keys. The product evaluation was done by sensitivity in vitro bioassays and the effectiveness in inoculated fruits, ensuing in August 2007, November 2007 and February 2008, the effect of postharvest application of fungicides and resistance inducers on anthracnose on naturally infected fruits from the field were evaluated. In the three sites, two species that cause anthracnosewere found and identified as C. gloeosporioides and C. dematium. Under in vitro conditions, C. gloeosporioides development was inhibited by prochloraz, ferbam, azoxystrobin, tryfloxystrobin and chlorothalonil, C. dematium development was inhibited only by prochloraz, ferbam and chlorothalonil. In inoculated fruits, prochloraz was 100% effective for both species, while azoxystrobin was 87.5% effective in C. gloeosporioides and 3.3% in C. dematium

    The courtyard as a key element in the energy efficiency of buildings: the case of Córdoba

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    La arquitectura vernácula en el clima mediterráneo tiene como característica el uso del patio como espacio de transición y elemento atemperante de las que pueden llegar a ser unas condiciones climáticas exteriores extremas. El reconocimiento de este tipo de espacios como elementos de acondicionamiento pasivo es necesaria para aprovechar toda su potencialidad en la recuperación del patrimonio edificado. Los estudios demuestran que el patio es un elemento clave en la eficiencia energética del edificio en climas de latitudes como la de Córdoba. De nuestros estudios se obtiene la conclusión de que Córdoba es una de las ciudades con más proporción de patio por volumen construido y dichos patios poseen en muchos casos geometrías similares. Se ha realizado un estudio de la evolución de la temperatura en algunos ejemplos de patios de edificios tradicionales, concluyendo una importante reducción con respecto a las condiciones climáticas exteriores. Por consiguiente, la puesta en valor de estos espacios en la rehabilitación del parque edificado es esencial y una gran oportunidad para cumplir con las indicaciones de la Directiva Europea 2010/31/UE relativa a la eficiencia energética de edificios.Vernacular architecture in the Mediterranean climate is characterized by the use of the courtyard as a tempering element of the outdoor climatic conditions which can be extreme. It is needed to recognize these elements as passive conditioning strategies in order to take advantage of its potential in the renovation of the building heritage. Previous research demonstrated that courtyards are key elements in the energy efficiency of buildings in latitudes as Córdoba. From our studies, we conclude that Córdoba is one of the cities with the highest volume of courtyards per building element and those courtyards have a low Aspect Ratio (between 1 and 2). A study of the thermal evolution in some cases of courtyards of this kind, monitoring an important reduction of the temperature in relation to the outdoor climatic conditions. Hence, the recovery of these spaces in the renovation of the building heritage is essential and a great opportunity to accomplish the European Directive 2010/31/UE related to energy efficiency of buildings
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