UNA REFLEXIÓN SOBRE LA FORMACIÓN SISTEMÁTICA COMO CONSTRUCCIÓN INTERSUBJETIVA.

A lo largo del siglo XX asistimos a una transformación conceptual sobre el conocimiento y a ciencia. Se reconoce la necesidad de superar las concepciones americanistas caracterizadas por supuestos de objetividad, cuya lógica se basa en ideas

Reflexión de la psicología desde el pensamiento complejo y el post racionalismo / Reflection of Psychology from the Complex Thinking and the Post Rationalism

El propósito del artículo es plantear la idea de una psicología contemporánea vista como Ciencia y Arte, desde una perspectiva compleja y post racionalista. Para ello se realiza un breve recorrido histórico epistemológico, sobre ciencia y sus aportes a la psicología, tomando sus bases para la reflexión y análisis del tema.The purpose of the article is to have an idea of a contemporary psychology viewed as science and art, since a complex perspective and rationalist post. This is a brief historical epistemological, about science and his contributions to psychology, taking their bases for reflection and analysis of the issu

Plan de negocio de un taller de motoservicios para la atención de la demanda en Lambayeque, 2018

El presente trabajo de investigación titulado “Plan de negocio de un taller de motoservicios para la atención de la demanda Lambayeque, 2018” se planteó como objetivo general, elaborar un plan de negocio basado en el modelo de nueva empresa de un taller de motoservicios para la atención de la demanda en Lambayeque. Así mismo la investigación presenta un diseño no experimental- transversal. Teniendo como resultados en base a la encuesta aplicada a los motoristas de Lambayeque una demanda insatisfecha o insatisfacción de las necesidades de quienes poseen requerimientos en los ofertantes del servicio mecánico de motocicletas, determinándose que el 63% de los encuestados manifestaron estar insatisfechos con la infraestructura, al igual que el 48% afirmaron que los equipamientos que utilizan los mecánicos son inapropiados, así mismo se determinó que el 45% de los motociclistas no se encontraron conformes con la calidad del servicio recibida, por su parte el 64% de los motoristas indicaron estar desconformes con la confianza, mientras tanto un 67% de los mecánicos no poseen un nivel formativo adecuado. En cuanto a la metodología se determinó por seleccionar la metodología de Weinberger (2009), debido que presenta varios tipos para la estructura de negocios, y sabe la realidad problemática del país, sin embargo, es esta la que mayor se adecua a la investigación propuesta. En el análisis financiero obtuvo una inversión de 20,713.00 soles, un VANE de S/41,769.69, un VANF de S/23,602.59 una TIRE 49% un TIRF de 26% y un costo de beneficio de 1.7, es decir una viabilidad económica y financiera

Conocimiento sobre el uso de la máscara laríngea en el manejo de la vía aérea difícil en los técnicos en urgencias médicas del sitio de lanzamiento David del sume 911 durante los meses agosto a octubre de 2018.

Trabajo de grado para optar al título de licenciatura en emergencias médicas.Addressing the airway requires technical skills, but also knowledge that allows the paramedic to understand the context in which the person who needs help is found, as well as to overcome the problems that they present. Hence, this work has the general objective of “Determining the level of knolegde about the use of the laryngeal mask in the management of difficult airways in medical emergency technicians at the David launch site of the Unified Emergency Management System (SUME) 911 during the months of august to October 2018 “. This is a field work, whose population under study are the Emergency Medical Technicians who work in David SUME 911. A questionnaire containing 30 ítems.Abordar la vía aérea requiere de habilidades técnicas, pero, también, de conocimientos que permitan al paramédico entender el contexto en el que se encuentra la persona que necesita ser auxiliada, así como sortear los problemas que presenta. De, allí que, este trabajo tiene como objetivo general “Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre el uso de la máscara laríngea en el manejo de la vía aérea difícil en los técnicos en urgencias médicas del sitio de lanzamiento David del Sistema Único de Manejo de Emergencias (SUME) 911 durante los meses agosto a octubre de 2018”. Se trata de un trabajo de campo, cuya población en estudio son los Técnicos en Urgencias Médicas que laboran en el SUME 911 de David. Se diseñó un cuestionario contentivo de 30 ítems con respuestas basadas dicotómicas del tipo SI o NO, que tenían por objetivo medir el nivel de conocimiento de los paramédicos frente al uso de la mascarilla laríngea. Tras el análisis, se concluye que los funcionarios reconocían la importancia y el papel que juega la mascarilla, pero tienen un muy bajo nivel de conocimiento que los lleva a cometer errores fundamentales en el uso de la máscara al punto que pudieran llegar a comprometer la salud del paciente. Por esta razón, se recomendó al SUME 911 preparar un curso de capacitación con carácter de urgencia para el personal con la intención de refrescar los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos sobre el uso de la mascarilla laríngea.CAPÍTULO I. MARCO INTRODUCTORIO ............................................................ 18 1.1 Antecedentes..................................................................................................... 18 1.2 Planteamiento del problema:............................................................................. 29 1.3 Formulación del problema ................................................................................ 30 1.3.1 Preguntas de investigación......................................................................... 30 1.4 Justificación....................................................................................................... 31 1.5 Importancia ....................................................................................................... 33 1.6 Beneficios.......................................................................................................... 34 1.7 Hipótesis general............................................................................................... 34 1.8 Objetivos de la investigación ............................................................................ 35 1.8.1 Objetivo general......................................................................................... 35 1.8.2 Objetivos específicos ................................................................................. 35 1.9 Alcances............................................................................................................ 35 1.10 Delimitaciones................................................................................................. 36 1.10.1 Delimitación temporal.............................................................................. 36 1.10.2 Delimitación espacial............................................................................... 36 1.11 Limitaciones.................................................................................................... 37 1.12 Recursos.......................................................................................................... 37 1.13 Viabilidad........................................................................................................ 38 CAPÍTULO II. MARCO TEÓRICO .......................................................................... 40 v 2.1 Definiciones básicas.......................................................................................... 40 2.3 Anatomía de la vía aérea ................................................................................... 42 2.4 Técnicas de manejo de la vía aérea ................................................................... 44 2.5 Técnicas básicas para el manejo de la vía aérea ............................................... 45 2.5.1 Ventilación con mascarilla facial............................................................... 45 2.5.2 Intubación Endotraqueal ............................................................................ 46 2.5.3 Mascarilla laríngea ..................................................................................... 48 2.5.3.1 Ventajas de la Mascarilla Laríngea ..................................................... 49 2.6 Algoritmos de intubación en el área prehospitalaria......................................... 50 2.7 Aprendizaje necesario para su utilización......................................................... 59 2.8 Técnicas de inserción ........................................................................................ 61 2.9 Indicaciones y contraindicaciones para el uso de la mascarilla laríngea .......... 62 2.10 Limpieza y esterilización ................................................................................ 63 2.11 Tipos de mascarillas laríngeas ........................................................................ 64 2.11.1 Características de los diferentes dispositivos........................................... 65 CAPÍTULO III. MARCO METODOLÓGICO .......................................................... 68 3.1 Tipo de investigación ........................................................................................ 68 3.1.1 Según el enfoque ........................................................................................ 68 3.1.2 Según su alcance ........................................................................................ 69 3.1.3 Según su diseño.......................................................................................... 69 3.2 Fuentes de Información..................................................................................... 70 3.2.1 Fuentes materiales:..................................................................................... 70 3.2.2 Fuentes humanas:....................................................................................... 70 3.3 Sistema de Hipótesis......................................................................................... 71 3.3.1 Hipótesis de investigación ......................................................................... 71 3.3.1.1 Hipótesis de trabajo............................................................................. 71 3.3.1.2 Hipótesis nula...................................................................................... 71 3.3.1.3 Hipótesis alterna.................................................................................. 71 3.3.1.4 Hipótesis Estadísticas.......................................................................... 71 3.3.2 Operacionalización de las hipótesis........................................................... 72 3.4 Sistema de Variables......................................................................................... 73 vi 3.4.1 Operacionalización de las variables........................................................... 73 3.4.1.1 Definición conceptual ............................................................................. 73 3.4.1.2 Definición instrumental....................................................................... 74 3.4.1.3 Definición operacional............................................................................ 75 3.5 Población del estudio ........................................................................................ 76 3.5.2 Muestra....................................................................................................... 76 3.6 Criterios de inclusión y exclusión..................................................................... 76 3.6.1 Criterios de inclusión ................................................................................. 76 3.6.2 Criterios de Exclusión................................................................................ 77 3.7 Descripción de los instrumentos y técnicas ...................................................... 78 3.8 Confiabilidad y validación del instrumento ...................................................... 79 3.8.1 Confiabilidad.............................................................................................. 79 3.8.2 Validez ....................................................................................................... 79 3.8.2.1 Criterio ................................................................................................ 79 3.8.2.2 Constructo ........................................................................................... 80 3.8.2.3 Contenido (Experto)............................................................................ 80 3.9 Tratamiento de la información .......................................................................... 80 3.10 Presupuesto ..................................................................................................... 81 3.11 Cronograma de actividades............................................................................. 8

Portfolio optimization based on downside risk: a mean-semivariance ef¿cient frontier from Dow Jones blue chips

To create efficient funds appealing to a sector of bank clients, the objective of minimizing downside risk is relevant to managers of funds offered by the banks. In this paper, a case focusing on this objective is developed. More precisely, the scope and purpose of the paper is to apply the mean-semivariance efficient frontier model, which is a recent approach to portfolio selection of stocks when the investor is especially interested in the constrained minimization of downside risk measured by the portfolio semivariance. Concerning the opportunity set and observation period, the mean-semivariance efficient frontier model is applied to an actual case of portfolio choice from Dow Jones stocks with daily prices observed over the period 2005¿2009. From these daily prices, time series of returns (capital gains weekly computed) are obtained as a piece of basic information. Diversification constraints are established so that each portfolio weight cannot exceed 5 per cent. The results show significant differences between the portfolios obtained by mean-semivariance efficient frontier model and those portfolios of equal expected returns obtained by classical Markowitz mean-variance efficient frontier model. Precise comparisons between them are made, leading to the conclusion that the results are consistent with the objective of reflecting downside riskPla Santamaría, D.; Bravo Selles, M. (2013). Portfolio optimization based on downside risk: a mean-semivariance ef¿cient frontier from Dow Jones blue chips. Annals of Operations Research. 205(1):189-201. doi:10.1007/s10479-012-1243-xS1892012051Aouni, B. (2009). Multi-attribute portfolio selection: new perspectives. INFOR. Information Systems and Operational Research, 47(1), 1–4.Arenas, M., Bilbao, A., & Rodríguez, M. V. (2001). A fuzzy goal programming approach to portfolio selection. European Journal of Operational Research, 133, 287–297.Arrow, K. J. (1965). Aspects of the theory of risk-bearing. Helsinki: Academic Bookstore.Ballestero, E. (2005). Mean-semivariance efficient frontier: a downside risk model for portfolio selection. Applied Mathematical Finance, 12(1), 1–15.Ballestero, E., & Pla-Santamaria, D. (2004). Selecting portfolios for mutual funds. Omega, 32, 385–394.Ballestero, E., & Pla-Santamaria, D. (2005). Grading the performance of market indicators with utility benchmarks selected from Footsie: a 2000 case study. Applied Economics, 37, 2147–2160.Ballestero, E., Pérez-Gladish, B., Arenas-Parra, M., & Bilbao-Terol, A. (2009). Selecting portfolios given multiple Eurostoxx-based uncertainty scenarios: a stochastic goal programming approach from fuzzy betas. INFOR. Information Systems and Operational Research, 47(1), 59–70.Ben Abdelaziz, F., & Masri, H. (2005). Stochastic programming with fuzzy linear partial information on time series. European Journal of Operational Research, 162(3), 619–629.Ben Abdelaziz, F., Aouni, B., & El Fayedh, R. (2007). Multi-objective stochastic programming for portfolio selection. European Journal of Operational Research, 177(3), 1811–1823.Bermúdez, J. D., Segura, J. V., & Vercher, E. (2012). A multi-objective genetic algorithm for cardinality constrained fuzzy portfolio selection. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 188, 16–26.Bilbao, A., Arenas, M., Jiménez, M., Pérez- Gladish, B., & Rodríguez, M. V. (2006). An extension of Sharpe’s single-index model: portfolio selection with expert betas. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 57(12), 1442–1451.Chang, T. J., Yang, S. Ch., & Chang, K. J. (2009). Portfolio optimization problems in different risk measures using genetic algorithm. IEEE Intelligent Systems & Their Applications, 36, 10529–10537.Haugen, R. A. (1997). Modern investment theory. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall.Huang, H. J., Tzeng, G. H., & Ong, C. S. (2006). A novel algorithm for uncertain portfolio selection. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 173(1), 350–359.Konno, H., Waki, H., & Yuuki, A. (2002). Portfolio optimization under lower partial risk measures. Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, 9, 127–140.Lin, C. M., Huang, J. J., Gen, M., & Tzeng, G. H. (2006). Recurrent neural network for dynamic portfolio selection. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 175(2), 1139–1146.Markowitz, H. M. (1952). Portfolio selection. The Journal of Finance, 7, 77–91.Ong, C. S., Huang, J. J., & Tzeng, G. H. (2005). A novel hybrid model for portfolio selection. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 169(2), 1195–1210.Pendaraki, K., Doumpos, M., & Zopounidis, C. (2004). Towards a goal programming methodology for constructing equity mutual fund portfolios. Journal of Asset Management, 4(6), 415–428.Pérez-Gladish, B., Jones, D. F., Tamiz, M., & Bilbao-Terol, A. (2007). An interactive three-stage model for mutual funds portfolio selection. Omega, 35(1), 75–88.Pratt, J. W. (1964). Risk aversion in the small and in the large. Econometrica, 32(1–2), 122–136.Sharpe, W. F. (1994). The Sharpe ratio. The Journal of Portfolio Management, 21(1), 49–58.Sortino, F. A., & Van der Meer, V. (1991). Downside risk. The Journal of Portfolio Management, 17(4), 27–31.Speranza, M. G. (1993). Linear programming model for portfolio optimization. Finance, 14, 107–123.Steuer, R., Qi, Y., & Hirschberger, M. (2005). Multiple objectives in portfolio selection. Journal of Financial Decision Making, 1(1), 5–20.Steuer, R., Qi, Y., & Hirschberger, M. (2007). Suitable-portfolio investors, nondominated frontier sensitivity, and the effect of multiple objectives on standard portfolio selection. Annals of Operations Research, 152, 297–317.Vercher, E., Bermúdez, J. D., & Segura, J. V. (2007). Fuzzy portfolio optimization under downside risk measures. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 158, 769–782

Reflexión de la psicología desde el pensamiento complejo y el post racionalismo

The purpose of the article is to have an idea of a contemporary psychology viewed as science and art, since a complex perspective and rationalist post. This is a brief historical epistemological, about science and his contributions to psychology, taking their bases for reflection and analysis of the issue.El propósito del artículo es plantear la idea de una psicología contemporánea vista como Ciencia y Arte, desde una perspectiva compleja y post racionalista. Para ello se realiza un breve recorrido histórico epistemológico, sobre ciencia y sus aportes a la psicología, tomando sus bases para la reflexión y análisis del tema

Una reflexión sobre la formación sistémica como construcción intersubjetiva

Una reflexión sobre la formación sistémica como construcción intersubjetiv

Influencia del clima organizacional en la retención del talento humano en la Empresa AB, Lima 2018

La presente investigación titulada “Influencia del clima organizacional en la retención de talento humano dentro del rubro venta de llantas en la empresa AB-Lima 2018”, tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la influencia del clima organizacional en la retención de talento humano dentro del rubro venta de llantas en la Empresa AB., Lima 2018. La metodología de esta investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental transversal, con un nivel explicativo, la muestra estuvo conformada por 36 individuos de la empresa AB, la técnica de recolección de datos fue la encuesta. Los resultados de esta investigación permitieron concluir que, el clima organizacional influye en la retención del talento humano dentro del rubro de llantas

Encompassing statistically unquantifiable randomness in goal programming: an application to portfolio selection

[EN] Random events make multiobjective programming solutions vulnerable to changes in input data. In many cases statistically quantifiable information on variability of relevant parameters may not be available for decision making. This situation gives rise to the problem of obtaining solutions based on subjective beliefs and a priori risk aversion to random changes. To solve this problem, we propose to replace the traditional weighted goal programming achievement function with a new function that considers the decision maker's perception of the randomness associated with implementing the solution through the use of a penalty term. This new function also implements the level of a priori risk aversion based around the decision maker's beliefs and perceptions. The proposed new formulation is illustrated by means of a variant of the mean absolute deviation portfolio selection model. As a result, difficulties imposed by the absence of statistical information about random events can be encompassed by a modification of the achievement function to pragmatically consider subjective beliefs.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. s This work is devoted to the memory of Professor Enrique Ballestero for his selfess dedication to it.Bravo Selles, M.; Jones, D.; Pla Santamaría, D.; Salas-Molina, F. (2022). Encompassing statistically unquantifiable randomness in goal programming: an application to portfolio selection. Operational Research (Online). 22(5):5685-5706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12351-022-00713-156855706225Abdelaziz FB, Aouni B, El Fayedh R (2007) Multi-objective stochastic programming for portfolio selection. Eur J Oper Res 177(3):1811–1823Abdelaziz FB, El Fayedh R, Rao A (2009) A discrete stochastic goal program for portfolio selection: the case of united arab emirates equity market. INFOR Inf Syst Op Res 47(1):5–13Aouni B, La Torre D (2010) A generalized stochastic goal programming model. Appl Math Comput 215(12):4347–4357Aouni B, Ben Abdelaziz F, La Torre D (2012) The stochastic goal programming model: theory and applications. J Multi-Criteria Decis Anal 19(5–6):185–200Arrow KJ (1965) Aspects of the theory of risk-bearing. Academic Bookstore, HelsinkiBallestero E (1997) Utility functions: a compromise programming approach to specification and optimization. J Multi-Criteria Decis Anal 6(1):11–16Ballestero E (2001) Stochastic goal programming: a mean-variance approach. Eur J Op Res 131(3):476–481Ballestero E, Pla-Santamaria D (2004) Selecting portfolios for mutual funds. Omega 32(5):385–394Ballestero E, Romero C (1998) Multiple criteria decision making and its applications to economic problems. 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A multicriteria approach to manage credit risk under strict uncertainty

[EN] Assessing the ability of applicants to repay their loans is generally recognized as a critical task in credit risk management. Credit managers rely on financial and market information, usually in the form of ratios, to estimate the quality of credit applicants. However, there is no guarantee that a given set of ratios contains the information needed for credit classification. Decision rules under strict uncertainty aim to mitigate this drawback. In this paper, we propose the use of a moderate pessimism decision rule combined with dimensionality reduction techniques and compromise programming. Moderate pessimism ensures that neither extreme optimistic nor pessimistic decisions are taken. Dimensionality reduction from a set of ratios facilitates the extraction of the relevant information. Compromise programming allows to find a balance between quality of debt and risk concentration. Our model produces two critical outputs: a quality assessment and the optimum allocation of funds. 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