68 research outputs found
Why Do Molecules Echo Atomic Periodicity?
Franck–Condon factors are investigated for sequences of free
main-group diatomic molecules. Theory-based Condon loci
(parabolas) and Morse-potential loci are plotted on Deslandres
tables to verify if they, indeed, follow the largest Franck–Condon
factors. Then, the inclination angles of the Condon loci
are determined. Thus, entire band systems are quantified by
one variable, the angle. For all available isoelectronic sequences,
this angle increases from a central minimum toward
magic-number molecular boundaries. The theory for the Condon
locus gives the angle in terms of the ratio of the upperstate
to the lower-state force constants. It is concluded that
the periodicity is caused due to the fact that this ratio
becomes larger as rare-gas molecules are approached, a trend
that probably points to the extreme cases of the rare-gas molecules
themselves. Thus, molecular periodicity echoes atomic
periodicity in that data plots have extrema at molecules with
magic-number atoms, yet it does not echo the details of
atomic periodicity in series between those molecules
Dissipation-assisted quantum gates with cold trapped ions
It is shown that a two-qubit phase gate and SWAP operation between ground
states of cold trapped ions can be realised in one step by simultaneously
applying two laser fields. Cooling during gate operations is possible without
perturbing the computation and the scheme does not require a second ion species
for sympathetic cooling. On the contrary, the cooling lasers even stabilise the
desired time evolution of the system. This affords gate operation times of
nearly the same order of magnitude as the inverse coupling constant of the ions
to a common vibrational mode.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, substantially revised versio
Trapped-Ion Quantum Logic Utilizing Position-Dependent ac Stark Shifts
We present a scheme utilizing position-dependent ac Stark shifts for doing
quantum logic with trapped ions. By a proper choice of direction, position and
size, as well as power and frequency of a far-off-resonant Gaussian laser beam,
specific ac Stark shifts can be assigned to the individual ions, making them
distinguishable in frequency-space. In contrast to previous all-optical based
quantum gates with trapped ions, the present scheme enables individual
addressing of single ions and selective addressing of any pair of ions for
two-ion quantum gates, without using tightly focused laser beams. Furthermore,
the decoherence rate due to off-resonant excitations can be made negligible as
compared with other sources of decoherence.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letter
Effective Hamiltonian Theory and Its Applications in Quantum Information
This paper presents a useful compact formula for deriving an effective
Hamiltonian describing the time-averaged dynamics of detuned quantum systems.
The formalism also works for ensemble-averaged dynamics of stochastic systems.
To illustrate the technique we give examples involving Raman processes,
Bloch-Siegert shifts and Quantum Logic Gates.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Canadian Journal of Physic
Engineering superpositions of displaced number states of a trapped ion
We present a protocol that permits the generation of a subtle with
superposition with 2^(l+1) displaced number states on a circle in phase space
as target state for the center-of-mass motion of a trapped ion. Through a
sequence of 'l' cycles involving the application of laser pulses and
no-fluorescence measurements, explicit expressions for the total duration of
laser pulses employed in the sequence and probability of getting the ion in the
upper electronic state during the 'l' cycles are obtained and analyzed in
detail. Furthermore, assuming that the effective relaxation process of a
trapped ion can be described in the framework of the standard master equation
for the damped harmonic oscillator, we investigate the degradation of the
quantum interference effects inherent to superpositions via Wigner function.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure
What constitutes a "clinical trial"?: A survey of oncology professionals
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>What constitutes a "clinical trial" is inconsistently defined in the medical literature. With an initiative by Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) to report institutional clinical trials activity across the province of Ontario, Canada, we sought to investigate the variability in the interpretation of the term by local oncology professionals.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A survey amongst the physicians and nurses at the Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario was conducted. The survey included 12 summaries of local clinical research studies, and respondents were asked which they believed represented a clinical trial. Subsequently, they were asked which of the same 12 studies they believed should be labeled as clinical trials when considering separate definitions provided by CCO and by the Ontario Cancer Research Network (OCRN).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 66 (54%) of 123 surveys were completed; 32/46 (70%) by physicians, 21/59 (36%) by primary care nurses, and 13/18 (72%) by clinical trial nurses. Without a standardized definition, all studies, 12/12, were considered to be clinical trials by at least 50% of respondents. When provided with the CCO definition only 6/12 studies were considered to be clinical trials by the majority of respondents, while with the OCRN definition it was 9/12 studies. Studies evaluating natural health products, non-traditional medical interventions, and non-randomized studies with standard interventions consistently ranked the lowest, regardless of the definition used.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Oncology professionals appear to have a broadly inclusive baseline definition of what constitutes a clinical trial. Establishing rigor and consistency in the definition of a clinical trial is important for any program, institutional or jurisdictional based comparisons of clinical trials activity, especially when used as a quality indicator of patient care.</p
Quantum computation with two-level trapped cold ions beyond Lamb-Dicke limit
We propose a simple scheme for implementing quantum logic gates with a string
of two-level trapped cold ions outside the Lamb-Dicke limit. Two internal
states of each ion are used as one computational qubit (CQ) and the collective
vibration of ions acts as the information bus, i.e., bus qubit (BQ). Using the
quantum dynamics for the laser-ion interaction as described by a generalized
Jaynes-Cummings model, we show that quantum entanglement between any one CQ and
the BQ can be coherently manipulated by applying classical laser beams. As a
result, universal quantum gates, i.e. the one-qubit rotation and two-qubit
controlled gates, can be implemented exactly. The required experimental
parameters for the implementation, including the Lamb-Dicke (LD) parameter and
the durations of the applied laser pulses, are derived. Neither the LD
approximation for the laser-ion interaction nor the auxiliary atomic level is
needed in the present scheme.Comment: 12 pages, no figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Quantum phase gate with a selective interaction
We present a proposal for implementing quantum phase gates using selective
interactions. We analize selectivity and the possibility to implement these
gates in two particular systems, namely, trapped ions and Cavity QED.Comment: Four pages of TEX file and two EPS figures. Submitted for publicatio
Light-shift-induced quantum gates for ions in thermal motion
An effective interaction between trapped ions in thermal motion can be generated by illuminating them simultaneously with a single laser resonant with the ionic carrier frequency. The ac Stark-shift induces simultaneous `virtual' two-phonon transitions via several motional modes. Within a certain laser intensity range these transitions can interfere constructively, resulting in a relatively fast, heating-resistant two-qubit logic gate
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