Rechtstexte als Kultur- bzw. Identitätseinheiten

Im folgenden Beitrag geht es um die Frage, inwieweit eine Textsorte des juristischen Bereichs die \u201aIdentit\ue4t\u2018 einer spezifischen Gemeinschaft widerspiegelt und welche Folgen dies f\ufcr die cbersetzung von Rechtstexten haben kann. Anhand theoretischer Ans\ue4tze und einiger Beispiele aus deutschen, italienischen und \uf6sterreichischen Immobilienkaufvertr\ue4gen wird versucht, dies zu erl\ue4utern

Phenotypic and Functional Mapping of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Harvested from Different Portions of the Human Arterial Tree

The human arterial wall contains progenitors and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) acting as a postnatal reservoir of stem cells during lifetime. They are nestled in distinct arterial zones close to blood support, that is, the intima and the media-adventitia vasa vasorum plexus, representing vascular stem cell niches. In previous studies, MSCs were successfully isolated from fresh and cadaveric human large- and middle-sized arteries; these cells have a mesenchymal phenotype, self-renewal ability, and tri-lineage plasticity with high endothelial and smooth muscle cell differentiation potential. Here we present an overview of human MSCs derived from the vascular wall (hVW-MSCs) of different anatomical sites focusing on their phenotypic expression, multilineage potency, and stemness properties based on the localization in the arterial tree. We describe the isolation protocols as well as immunophenotyping, functional, and ultrastructure methods used to investigate these cell properties. hVW-MSCs from distinct portions of the vascular tree exhibit distinct phenotypic expression, multilineage potency, and stemness properties. This observation may contribute to explain the regional differences seen in vascular disease; moreover the different attitudes that hVW-MSCs exhibit in vascular differentiation should be taken in consideration whenever cell therapy, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering strategies are attempted to replace tissues and organs

The characteristics and survival potential under sub-lethal stress of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells isolated from the human vascular wall

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in multiple human tissues, including the vascular wall. High proliferative potential, multilineage, and immunomodulatory properties make vascular MSCs promising candidates for regenerative medicine. Indeed, their location is strategic for controlling vascular and extra-vascular tissue homeostasis. However, the clinical application of MSCs, and in particular vascular MSCs, is still challenging. Current studies are focused on developing strategies to improve MSC therapeutic applications, like priming MSCs with stress conditions (hypoxia, nutrient deprivation) to achieve a higher therapeutic potential. The goal of the present study is to review the main findings regarding the MSCs isolated from the human vascular wall. Further, the main priming strategies tested on MSCs from different sources are reported, together with the experience on vascular MSCs isolated from healthy cryopreserved and pathological arteries. Stress induction can be a priming approach able to improve MSC effectiveness through several mechanisms that are discussed in this review. Nevertheless, these issues have not been completely explored in vascular MSCs and potential side effects need to be investigated

REABILITAÇÃO DA CAPELA ROMÂNICA DE NOSSA SENHORA DA PIEDADE EM QUINTÃ

A reabilitação de edifícios antigos tem se estendido ao património edificado, está relacionado com a necessidade de prolongar a sua preservação através de obras de intervenções. Estes edifícios possuem características construtivas específicas e são um significativo testemunho histórico da construção realizada em Portugal, nos séculos passados. Este trabalho é dedicado essencialmente ao estudo de intervenção, à análise de valores e significados, princípios e métodos de intervenção na tipologia da arquitetura românica, onde iremos propor o projeto de intervenção na Capela de Nossa Senhora de Quintã em Baltar - Paredes, que faz parte da Rota do Românico, percurso por 58 monumentos localizados no norte de Portugal, patrimonio da arquitetura Românica, onde iremos propor melhorias para a sua preservação. Para a concretização de uma fundamentada investigação foi realizada a visita no local, verificamos os pontos relevantes e revisão da literatura referente à História e à Teoria da conservação e do Restauro, o que contribuiu para uma análise da proposta do projeto. É fundamental o conhecimento e entendimento do que é trabalhar diante de um edifício histórico, de modo a adotar as técnicas, materiais e procedimentos exigidos em qualquer projeto de reabilitação, e poder obedecer aos princípios gerais da reabilitação, autenticidade, reversibilidade e compatibilidade

Investigation of events in the EEG signal correlated with changes in both oxygen and glucose in the brain

Since the brain has no constant energy reserves, a continuous supply of energy substrates is central to all processes that maintain the functionality of the neuronal cells. EEG has been found to be tightly related to variations in the concentration of the energy substrates such as oxygen and glucose. Prediction of neural activation is particularly useful as it could contribute significantly in the prevention, stabilization, or treatment of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, migraine headache, and ischemic stroke, in which signaling between neurons and brain vessels is threatened because of dysfunctions that affect the neuronal, astroglial, and/or vascular components of the neurovascular unit. This work deals with investigation of events in the EEG signal correlated with changes in both oxygen and glucose signals in the brain. The topic is to implement a model that through measures of oxygen and glucose in the brain of rats allow to achieve a good estimation of the neural signals, which reflecting the simultaneous metabolic changes, during spontaneous oscillation and electrical stimulation

Investigation of events in the EEG signal correlated with changes in both oxygen and glucose in the brain

Since the brain has no constant energy reserves, a continuous supply of energy substrates is central to all processes that maintain the functionality of the neuronal cells. EEG has been found to be tightly related to variations in the concentration of the energy substrates such as oxygen and glucose. Prediction of neural activation is particularly useful as it could contribute significantly in the prevention, stabilization, or treatment of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, migraine headache, and ischemic stroke, in which signaling between neurons and brain vessels is threatened because of dysfunctions that affect the neuronal, astroglial, and/or vascular components of the neurovascular unit. This work deals with investigation of events in the EEG signal correlated with changes in both oxygen and glucose signals in the brain. The topic is to implement a model that through measures of oxygen and glucose in the brain of rats allow to achieve a good estimation of the neural signals, which reflecting the simultaneous metabolic changes, during spontaneous oscillation and electrical stimulation

Tick-borne encephalitis affects sleep-wake behavior and locomotion in infant rats.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a disease affecting the central nervous system. Over the last decade, the incidence of TBE has steadily increased in Europe and Asia despite the availably of effective vaccines. Up to 50% of patients after TBE suffer from post-encephalitic syndrome that may develop into long-lasting morbidity. Altered sleep-wake functions have been reported by patients after TBE. The mechanisms causing these disorders in TBE are largely unknown to date. As a first step toward a better understanding of the pathology of TBEV-inducing sleep dysfunctions, we assessed parameters of sleep structure in an established infant rat model of TBE. METHODS 13-day old Wistar rats were infected with 1 × 106 FFU Langat virus (LGTV). On day 4, 9, and 21 post infection, Rotarod (balance and motor coordination) and open field tests (general locomotor activity) were performed and brains from representative animals were collected in each subgroup. On day 28 the animals were implanted with a telemetric EEG/EMG system. Sleep recording was continuously performed for 24 consecutive hours starting at day 38 post infection and visually scored for Wake, NREM, and REM in 4 s epochs. RESULTS As a novelty of this study, infected animals showed a significant larger percentage of time spend awake during the dark phase and less NREM and REM compared to the control animals (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). Furthermore, it was seen, that during the dark phase the wake bout length in infected animals was prolonged (p = 0.043) and the fragmentation index decreased (p = 0.0085) in comparison to the control animals. LGTV-infected animals additionally showed a reduced rotarod performance ability at day 4 (p = 0.0011) and day 9 (p = 0.0055) and day 21 (p = 0.0037). A lower locomotor activity was also seen at day 4 (p = 0.0196) and day 9 (p = 0.0473). CONCLUSION Our data show that experimental TBE in infant rats affects sleep-wake behavior, leads to decreased spontaneous locomotor activity, and impaired moto-coordinative function

Green Hydrogels Composed of Sodium Mannuronate/Guluronate, Gelatin and Biointeractive Calcium Silicates/Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate Designed for Oral Bone Defects Regeneration

Innovative green, eco-friendly, and biologically derived hydrogels for non-load bearing bone sites were conceived and produced. Natural polysaccharides (copolymers of sodium D-mannuronate and L-guluronate) with natural polypeptides (gelatin) and bioactive mineral fillers (calcium silicates CaSi and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate DCPD) were used to obtain eco-sustainable biomaterials for oral bone defects. Three PP-x:y formulations were prepared (PP-16:16, PP-33:22, and PP-31:31), where PP represents the polysaccharide/polypeptide matrix and x and y represent the weight % of CaSi and DCPD, respectively. Hydrogels were tested for their chemical-physical properties (calcium release and alkalizing activity in deionized water, porosity, solubility, water sorption, radiopacity), surface microchemistry and micromorphology, apatite nucleation in HBSS by ESEM-EDX, FT-Raman, and micro-Raman spectroscopies. The expression of vascular (CD31) and osteogenic (alkaline phosphatase ALP and osteocalcin OCN) markers by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human vascular walls, cultured in direct contact with hydrogels or with 10% of extracts was analysed. All mineral-filled hydrogels, in particular PP-31:31 and PP-33:22, released Calcium ions and alkalized the soaking water for three days. Calcium ion leakage was high at all the endpoints (3 h–28 d), while pH values were high at 3 h–3 d and then significantly decreased after seven days (p &lt; 0.05). Porosity, solubility, and water sorption were higher for PP-31:31 (p &lt; 0.05). The ESEM of fresh samples showed a compact structure with a few pores containing small mineral granules agglomerated in some areas (size 5–20 microns). PP-CTRL degraded after 1–2 weeks in HBSS. EDX spectroscopy revealed constitutional compounds and elements of the hydrogel (C, O, N, and S) and of the mineral powders (Ca, Si and P). After 28 days in HBSS, the mineral-filled hydrogels revealed a more porous structure, partially covered with a thicker mineral layer on PP-31:31. EDX analyses of the mineral coating showed Ca and P, and Raman revealed the presence of B-type carbonated apatite and calcite. MSCs cultured in contact with mineral-filled hydrogels revealed the expression of genes related to vascular (CD31) and osteogenic (mainly OCN) differentiation. Lower gene expression was found when cells were cultured with extracts added to the culture medium. The incorporation of biointeractive mineral powders in a green bio-derived algae-based matrix allowed to produce bioactive porous hydrogels able to release biologically relevant ions and create a suitable micro-environment for stem cells, resulting in interesting materials for bone regeneration and healing in oral bone defects

Human glial müller and umbilical vein endothelial cell coculture as an in vitro model to investigate retinal oxidative damage. A morphological and molecular assessment

The aim of this study was to optimize a coculture in vitro model established between the human Muller glial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, mimicking the inner blood-retinal barrier, and to explore its resistance to damage induced by oxidative stress. A spontaneously immortalized human Muller cell line MIO-M1 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were plated together at a density ratio 1:1 and maintained up to the 8th passage (p8). The MIO-M1/HUVECs p1 through p8 were treated with increasing concentrations (range 200-800 mu M) of H2O2 to evaluate oxidative stress induced damage and comparing data with single cell cultures. The following features were assayed p1 through p8: doubling time maintenance, cell viability using MTS assay, ultrastructure of cell-cell contacts, immunofluorescence for Vimentin and GFAP, molecular biology (q-PCR) for GFAP and CD31 mRNA. MIO-M1/HUVECs cocultures maintained distinct cell cytotype up to p8 as shown by flow cytometry analysis, without evidence of cross activation, displaying cell-cell tight junctions mimicking those found in human retina, only acquiring a slight resistance to oxidative stress induction over the passages. This MIO-M1/HUVECs coculture represents a simple, reproducible and affordable model for in vitro studies on oxidative stress-induced retinal damages

Impact of Freeze-Drying on Cord Blood (CB), Serum (S), and Platelet-Rich Plasma (CB-PRP) Preparations on Growth Factor Content and In Vitro Cell Wound Healing

Blood-based preparations are used in clinical practice for the treatment of several eye disorders. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of freeze-drying blood-based preparations on the levels of growth factors and wound healing behaviors in an in vitro model. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and serum (S) preparations from the same Cord Blood (CB) sample, prepared in both fresh frozen (FF) and freeze-dried (FD) forms (and then reconstituted), were analyzed for EGF and BDNF content (ELISA Quantikine kit). The human MIO-M1 glial cell line (Moorfield/Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK) was incubated with FF and FD products and evaluated for cell migration with scratch-induced wounding (IncuCyte S3 Essen BioScience), proliferation with cyclin A2 and D1 gene expression, and activation with vimentin and GFAP gene expression. The FF and FD forms showed similar concentrations of EGF and BDNF in both the S and PRP preparations. The wound healing assay showed no significant difference between the FF and FD forms for both S and PRP. Additionally, cell migration, proliferation, and activation did not appear to change in the FD forms compared to the FF ones. Our study showed that reconstituted FD products maintained the growth factor concentrations and biological properties of FF products and could be used as a functional treatment option