The Development of Mind Mapping Media in Flood Material Using ADDIE Model

This study aimed to develop a media mind mapping through ADDIE model in teaching the flooding material. The samples that used were students of class X-3 Madrasah Aliyah (MA) Darul Ulum totaling 30 students. This type of study was the Research and Development (R & D) by using ADDIE models. Data collected by using mind mapping sheets that students' work. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results of this study found that in developing mind mapping media through five stages, namely: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The study concluded that the media mind mapping that have been developed and validated could be a viable and effective media used in the learning process

PENINGKATAN MINAT BACA SISWA DI SMAN 4 MATARAM

The development of information technology has an influence on students' reading interest. On the one hand IT provides access to abundant reading so that students can easily find information through the reading they need. On the other hand IT has an influence on students' lack of interest in reading because they are more interested in menus or features provided such as social media and games. Therefore, it is important for the library to increase reading interest, especially in the Library of SMA Negeri 4 Mataram. So it is necessary to carry out active participation in the field as a form of community service carried out in the school library. The purpose of this service is to provide an understanding of the importance of increasing students' interest in reading. The method used in this service is to design activity plans, socialize the importance of reading interest, socialize reading service programs in libraries, information retrieval training through OPAC, and conduct coaching or mentoring of students' reading interest. The results carried out in this service are First, the socialization of the importance of interest in reading and the reading service program in the library received a positive response as seen from the high enthusiasm of students. Second, training in searching for information or library materials through OPAC has an effect on student independence in obtaining the required reading material so that students can search for themselves in OPAC. Third, fostering or assisting students' reading interest through one hour of reading at school accompanied by lecturers, librarians and class teachers has a significant influence on students' reading interest at SMAN 4 Mataram. The assisted students are increasingly diligent in reading and are attracted to the library during free hours

Teratogenic effects of retinyl palmitate during early and late gestation periods in rats.

Retinyl palmitate or vitamin A palmitate has been associated with dose-related developmental toxicity when administered orally to mice, rats, rabbits, and monkeys during critical stages of embryonic development. We report a study to determine the teratogenic effects of retinyl palmitate in pregnant Sprague Dawley rats during early and late gestation periods and to observe the toxic effects of retinyl palmitate in dams. Forty sexually mature fertile female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: Early control, Late control, Early gestation (Early) and Late gestation (Late) groups. Control groups were given a placebo of maize oil while treatment groups were given the same dosage of retinyl palmitate. Pregnant females were randomly assigned to the different groups and treated with retinyl palmitate during early pregnancy on gestation day (GD) 1-7 for Early group and GD 8-14 for Late group. The results obtained showed that retinyl palmitate treated groups had no significant difference in maternal body weights compared to control groups. Maternal kidney weights in early treated group showed significant difference (p<0.05) compared to early control group while liver weights had no significant difference in both control and treatment groups. Fetuses from both early and late treated groups showed a significant decrease in weight compared to control groups. For fetal skeletal anomalies, treatment with retinyl palmitate in Early and Late groups showed malformed wavy ribs and thoracic vertebrae, additional ribs, lumbar vertebral defect and extra ossification center. This preliminary experiment suggests that retinyl palmitate show significant teratogenic effects when fed to pregnant Sprague Dawley rats during early and late gestation periods

The effect of cutting interval on yield and nutrient composition of different plant fractions of Moringa oleifera tree

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of cutting interval on biomass yield and chemical composition of different plant fractions of Moringa oleifera. In a completely randomized block design experiment, an established Moringa plot was divided into 12 equal plots and subjectedto three cutting intervals of 4, 6 and 8 weeks, each with four replications. The highest fresh and dry matter (DM) yields (t ha-1 cut-1) of total foliage, leaf and stem were obtained at the 8 weeks cutting interval followed by 6 and 4 weeks cutting interval. Effect of leaf to stem ratio was not significant (P>0.05) among harvesting intervals. The CP content of total foliage, leaf and stem was not different (P>0.05) over the harvesting intervals. The acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) of total foliage was significantly (P0.05) different among the treatments. The values of IVDMD and IVOMD ranges were from 772.0 to 802.0 and 761.0 to 798.0 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Both yields and chemical compositions of Moringa foliage and leaf suggest that the optimum cutting interval was 8 weeks in rainy season from mature Moringa tree. These data suggest that the higher CP and lower fibre value in the leaf indicate a good protein source for poultry or other monogastric animals and Moringa foliage could be a potential protein source for ruminant livestock

Effects of two CIDR-based oestrus synchronization protocols on oestrus response in boer goats.

Sixty fertile and healthy female Boer goats were divided equally and randomly into two groups (n=30). The first group received CIDR treatment for 14 days (T14) with 400 IU PMSG and 0.05 mg cloprostenol injection (i.m.) prior to CIDR removal and the second group received CIDR treatment for 9 days (T9) with 0.05 mg cloprostenol injection (i.m.) 24 hours before CIDR removal. The number of does with oestrus and the time of oestrus sign were recorded every 6-hour interval and the observation was conducted from 24 hours after CIDR removal and terminated 66 hours after CIDR removal. Blood samples were taken from all of the does before CIDR insertion and 48 hours after CIDR removal. The results showed all 30 does (100%) in T14 and 28 does (93.3%) in T9 came to oestrus. The mean time of does showing signs of oestrus for both treatments were significantly different in tail flagging and standing to be mounted (P0.05). The current study suggests that CIDR treatment for 14 days with 400 IU PMSG and 0.05 mg cloprostenol prior to CIDR removal gave better result in oestrus synchronisation compared to CIDR treatment for 9 days with 0.05 mg cloprostenol given 24 hours before CIDR removal

Study of carcass characteristics of goats fed rice straw supplemented with Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) foliage

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary levels of Moringa foliage on the fatty acid profiles and antioxidant activity in the muscles of Black Bengal goats. Thirty buckling of 6 to 8 months of age with an average initial live weight (LW) of 8.07 (±0.87) kg were allocated into five different diets having six in each group for 105 days. Keeping molasses treated rice straw ad libitum as sole diet, 70% of dietary dry matter (DM) requirement was supplied with a conventional concentrate which was replaced with Moringa foliage in treatment diets at 25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively. Consequently, Moringa foliage intake represented 17.8, 35.6, 52.9 and 67.2% of total diet or 0.85, 1.7, 2.5 and 3.4% of LW in treatment diets keeping the daily gain and dietary intake unchanged (P>0.05). The dietary DM intake and LW gain was 4.6 to 4.8% of average LW and 67.3 to 79.3 g/d. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-6 to n-3 was significantly (P<0.01) reduced in diet containing 67.2% Moringa foliage, from 4.2 to 2.4% and 3.8 to 2.6% in Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscles of goats, respectively. The saturated fatty acid was reduced from 47.7 to 39.8% and 45.8 to 39.3%, respectively in both muscles. The lipid oxidation was reduced linearly (y=-0.1x+0.698, r2=85 for LD; y=-0.073x+0.675, r2=95 for ST) with increasing supplementation of Moringa foliage. It was concluded that supplementation of Moringa foliage up to 67.2% of diet will produce meat with high PUFA

Study of meat quality of goats fed rice straw supplemented with Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) foliage

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary levels of Moringa foliage on the fatty acid profiles and antioxidant activity in the muscles of Black Bengal goats. Thirty buckling of 6 to 8 months of age with an average initial live weight (LW) of 8.07 (±0.87) kg were allocated into five different diets having six in each group for 105 days. Keeping molasses treated rice straw ad libitum as sole diet, 70% of dietary dry matter (DM) requirement was supplied with a conventional concentrate which was replaced with Moringa foliage in treatment diets at 25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively. Consequently, Moringa foliage intake represented 17.8, 35.6, 52.9 and 67.2% of total diet or 0.85, 1.7, 2.5 and 3.4% of LW in treatment diets keeping the daily gain and dietary intake unchanged (P>0.05). The dietary DM intake and LW gain was 4.6 to 4.8% of average LW and 67.3 to 79.3 g/d. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-6 to n-3 was significantly (P<0.01) reduced in diet containing 67.2% Moringa foliage, from 4.2 to 2.4% and 3.8 to 2.6% in Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscles of goats, respectively. The saturated fatty acid was reduced from 47.7 to 39.8% and 45.8 to 39.3%, respectively in both muscles. The lipid oxidation was reduced linearly (y=-0.1x+0.698, r 2 =85 for LD; y=-0.073x+0.675, r 2 =95 for ST) with increasing supplementation of Moringa foliage. It was concluded that supplementation of Moringa foliage up to 67.2% of diet will produce meat with high PUFA

Profiling of rumen fermentation, microbial population and digestibility in goats fed with dietary oils containing different fatty acids

Background: The effects of the dietary oils with differing fatty acid profiles on rumen fermentation, microbial population, and digestibility in goats were investigated. In Experiment I, rumen microbial population and fermentation profiles were evaluated on 16 fistulated male goats that were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: i) control (CNT), ii) olive oil (OL), iii) palm olein oil (PO), and iv) sunflower oil (SF). In Experiment II, another group of 16 male goats was randomly assigned to the same dietary treatments for digestibility determination. Results: Rumen ammonia concentration was higher in CNT group compared to treatment groups receiving dietary oils. The total VFA and acetate concentration were higher in SF and OL groups, which showed that they were significantly affected by the dietary treatments. There were no differences in total microbial population. However, fibre degrading bacteria populations were affected by the interaction between treatment and day of sampling. Significant differences were observed in apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract of treatment groups containing dietary oils compared to the control group. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that supplementation of different dietary oils containing different fatty acid profiles improved rumen fermentation by reducing ammonia concentration and increasing total VFA concentration, altering fibre degrading bacteria population, and improving apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract

Qualitative perspectives of new graduate nurses to educational preparation for patient care

Background: A phenomenological qualitative study were conducted and investigated the perceptions of new Nursing graduates in relation to their educational preparation in caring for patients. Practice readiness and preparedness of new nurses continue to be a challenge in 21st century healthcare delivery system. To adapt to the rapidly varying and advancing healthcare settings; nurse educators must regularly assess and review education curricula, teaching-learning strategies and programs adopted to prepare new professional nurses. In Malaysia, Nursing Education Task Force was formed– Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), 2010. ‘Development of Nursing Education in Malaysia towards the year 2020’. The aim of this task force is to improve and transform Nursing Education in Malaysia from Diploma to degree programmes by the year 2020, to prepare New Nurses to practice in all priority areas of nursing care.Purpose: To explore and describe the experiences of new graduate nurses working in hospitals and their perceptions in relation to educational preparation for patient care.Method: Using a Phenomenological Qualitative study, This Study focused on the lived and expressed experiences of the participants. It involved the description and interpretation of human experiences so that the experience could be better understood.Results: Seven Themes were extracted from the significant statements and formulated meanings of the ten respondents who voluntarily participated in this study. Orientation process, Value of preceptor, Solidifying concepts, Knowledge, Role transition, Doctors’ behaviour towards new staff and Staff shortage were among the needs of the new graduate Nurses that needs to be addressed.Conclusion: This study was able to provide insights into the lived experiences of ten new nurses and their perceptions in relation to educational preparations for patient care. Recommendations were also made to meet and support the new nurses’ needs. These findings, which may have important implications for nursing practice, management, education and to nursing profession as a whole, need further study in a larger scale to explore more on the lived and expressed experiences of the new nurses and to strongly support this research study