Spatial variability of climate and past atmospheric circulation patterns from central West Antarctic glaciochemistry

Atmospheric circulation patterns and the spatial variability of atmospheric chemistry and moisture transport in central West Antarctica are investigated using new 40 year long (1954–1994 A.D.) glaciochemical and accumulation rate records developed from four firn cores from this region. The core sites lie on a 200 km traverse from 82° 22′ S, 119° 17′ W to 81° 22′ S, 107° 17′ W. The glaciochemical records represent the major ionic species present in Antarctic snow: Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO3−, and SO42−. High spatial variability appears in comparisons of full record averages and poor intersite linear correlation results. Accumulation rates show 50–100% changes over distances of 50–100 km and sea‐salt concentrations drop by 50% between the middle two sites. One likely contributor to the high variability seen at this spatial scale is variability in synoptic‐ and finer‐scale meteorology. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis shows that 80% or more of the variance in site chemistry can be attributed to two types of air masses: winter season air (50–70% of site variance) with a strong marine signature (heavy loading of sea‐salt species) and summer season air (21% of the variance), marked by marine biogenic non‐sea‐salt SO4 plus NO3. This pattern of winter and summer regimes appears at other West Antarctic sites suggesting it may apply to the entire region. We show that a general picture of the patterns of variability in West Antarctica can best be drawn by using an analysis technique that fully exploits high resolution, multiparameter, multisite data sets

Prevalence and association of obesity with self-reported comorbidity: a cross-sectional study of 1321 adult participants in Lasbela, Balochistan

Association of fatness with chronic metabolic diseases is a well-established fact, and a high prevalence of risk factors for these disorders has increasingly been reported in the third world. In order to incorporate any preventive strategies for such risk factors into clinical practice, decision-makers require objective evidence about the associated burden of disease. A cross-sectional study of 1321 adults from one of the districts of Balochistan, among the most economically challenged areas of Pakistan, was carried out for the measures of fatness and self-reported comorbidities. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured and demographic information and self-reported comorbidities were documented.The prevalence of obesity was 4.8% (95% CI: [3.8, 6.1]) and 21.7% (95% CI: [19.5, 24.0]), as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) international and Asia/Asia-Pacific BMI cut-offs, respectively. The proportion exhibiting comorbidity increased with increasing levels of fatness in a dose-response relationship

Kepentingan Indonesia Bekerjasama dengan Norwegia dalam Kerangka Reducting Emission From Deforestation And Degrada-tion (REDD) Tahun 2010

AbstactPenelitian ini akan menjelaskan kepentingan Indonesia dalam kerjasama lingkungan hidup dalam kerangka Reducting Emission From Deforestation and Degradation dengan Norwegia. Kerjasama yang tertuang dalam surat niat Indonesia terhadap Norwegia yang ditandatangani pada tahun 2010 merupakan salah satu wujud nyata kedua negara dalam menyelamatkan dunia dari kerusakan lingkungan hidup. Isu lingkungan hidup saat ini bukan-lah permasalahan yang dianggap mudah dan sangat mendapatkan perhatian dari dunia in-ternasional karena isu ini berhubungan langsung dengan kehidupan manusia di dunia. Keti-ka permasalahan lingkungan hidup tidak ditanggapi dengan lebih serius, maka miliaran manusia akan kehilangan tempat tinggalnya akibat dari salah satu permasalahan lingkungan hidup yaitu emisi gas karbondioksida yang dihasilkan banyak negara-negara khususnya negara industri.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan dimana data-data yang didapat dalam penelitian ini berasal dari buku dan website yang relevan dengan permasala-han penelitian yang diteliti. Penelitian ini akan dikaji menggunakan perspektif liberalisme yang akan mengkaji mengenai kerjasama antara negara Indonesia dan Norwegia dan akan dibantu dengan teori pilihan rasional dan kepentingan nasional untuk menganalisa kepent-ingan Indonesia dalam kerjasama dengan Norwegia.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Norwegia dipilih oleh Indonesia se-bagai rekan kerjasama Indonesia dalam menjaga hutan Indonesia karena Norwegia merupa-kan negara kaya yang memiliki komitmen kuat untuk melindungi lingkungan hidup yang dibuktikan dengan kebijakan Norwegia yang memberikan dana hibah kepada negara-negara yang memiliki hutan tropis seperti Indonesia.Kata kunci: REDD+, Deforestasi, Degradasi, Huta

Sea level pressure variability in the Amundsen Sea region inferred from a West Antarctic glaciochemical record

Using European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) numerical operational analyses, sea ice extent records, and station pressure data, we investigate the influence of sea level pressure variability in the Amundsen Sea region on a West Antarctic (Siple Dome) glaciochemical record. Empirical orthogonal function analysis of the high‐resolution Siple Dome multivariate ice core chemical time series record (SDEOF1) documents lower tropospheric transport of sea‐salt aerosols to the site. During 1985–1994 the SDEOF1 record of high (low) aerosol transport corresponds to anomalously low (high) sea level pressure (SLP) in the Amundsen Sea region. Spatial correlation patterns between ECMWF monthly SLP fields and the annual SDEOF1 record suggest that a majority of sea‐salt aerosol is transported to Siple Dome during spring (September, October, and November). Analysis of zonal and meridional wind fields supports the SLP/SDEOF1 correlation and suggests the SDEOF1 record is sensitive to changes in regional circulation strength. No relationship is found between sea ice extent and the SDEOF1 record for the period 1973–1994. To investigate the SDEOF1 record prior to ECMWF coverage, a spring transpolar index (STPI) is created, using normalized SLP records from the New Zealand and South America/Antarctic Peninsula sectors, and is significantly correlated (at least 95% c.l.) with the SDEOF1 record on an annual (r = 0.32, p \u3c 0.001) and interannual (3 years; r = 0.51, p \u3c 0.001) basis. Dominant periodicities (3.3 and 7.1 years) in the annual SDEOF1 record (1890–1994 A.D.) suggest that a portion of the recorded interannual variability may be related tropical/extratropical ENSO teleconnections. Changes in the periodic structure of the full (850–1994 A.D.) Siple Dome record suggests a shift in SLP forcing during the Little Ice Age (∼1400–1900 A.D.) interval

Rancang Bangun Sinergi Kebijakan Agropolitan Dan Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal Menunjang Percepatan Pembangunan Wilayah

Orientasi pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi dapat memicu pembangunan yang bias perkotaan dan diskriminasi terhadap wilayah perdesaan dan sektor pertanian, sehingga menyebabkan ketimpangan transfer sumberdaya dari desa ke kota. Kondisi ini dapat menimbulkan beberapa permasalahan seperti kesenjangan pendapatan antara masyarakat perdesaan dengan komunitas perkotaan, migrasi penduduk secara berlebihan dari wilayah perdesaan ke kawasan perkotaan, dan eksploitasi wilayah perdesaan yang cenderung kurang mengindahkan aspek lingkungan sehingga mengakibatkan kerusakan ekosistem dan kemiskinan masyarakat perdesaan. Sinergi kebijakan agropolitan dan pengembangan ekonomi lokal melalui rekayasa kelembagaan klaster ekonomi dan forum kemitraan dapat dianggap sebagai salah satu solusi dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Idealnya sinergi kebijakan tersebut diimplementasikan mengacu pada langkah strategi seperti sosialisasi, konsolidasi, dan uji coba (fase awal) kegiatan dalam kerangka otonomi daerah

Genetic diversity analysis of mustard (Brassica spp.) germplasm using molecular marker for selection of short duration genotypes

Molecular characterization of 16 mustard (Brassica spp.) genotypes by using 12 RAPD markers revealed that three primers GLA-11, OPB-04 and OPD-02 showed good technical resolution and sufficient variations among different genotypes. A total of 40 RAPD bands were scored of which 38 (94.87%) polymorphic amplification products were obtained. Besides, the primer OPD-02 amplified maximum number of polymorphic bands (100.00%) while the primer GLA-11 and OPB-04 generated the least (92.31%) polymorphic bands, which were minimal in number. The present study produced 13.33 scorable bands per primer and 12.67 polymorphic bands per primer. Frequencies of maximum number of polymorphic loci were found to be high with the exception of GLA-11(0.750), OPB-04 (0.875) and OPD-02 (0.750). The estimate of Nei's genetic diversity for the entire genotypes of mustard was 0.3596 and Shannon's information index was 0.535. There was a high level of genetic variation among the mustard genotypes studied from the proportion of polymorphic loci point of view. The values of pair-wise comparison of Nei’s genetic distance between genotypes were computed from combined data for the three primers; ranged from 0.1054 to 0.9862. BINA Sarisha-3 and BINA Sarisha-4 showed the lowest genetic distance of 0.1054 where Tori-7 and NAP-0758-2 showed highest genetic distance of 0.9862. The 16 mustard genotypes were differentiated into three main clusters: BARI Sarisha-14, BARI Sarisha-9, BARI Sarisha-15, BINA Sarisha-4, BINA Sarisha-3, BARI Sarisha-8, Sampad and Tori-7 in cluster A, NAP-0763, NAP-0721-1, BARI Sarisha-4, BARI Sarisha-6, NAP-0762-2 and NAP-0848-2 in cluster B and NAP-0838 and NAP-0758-2 were grouped into cluster C by making dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance using unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA).Keywords: Mustard, diversity analysis, RAPD marker, genetic distance, cluster analysis.Abbreviation: UPGMA, Unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means; RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism; RAPDs, random amplified polymorphic DNAs; AFLP, amplified fragment length polymorphism; SSRs, simple sequence repeats; CTAB, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.

The Implication of Indonesia\u27s IUU Fishing Policy in Natuna Territorial Waters Towards South China Sea Geopolitics

The agenda of Jokowi\u27s administration demands a strong measure to protect maritime security and sovereignty of Indonesia; especially its national sovereignty and maritime security in the vast boundary of Indonesian territorial waters. However, the implementation faces challenges related to violations of sovereignty in the territorial waters. One of them was due to the rampant illegal fishing activities that threaten the sufficiency of the fish stock. Exposed to such threat, Indonesia\u27s commitment to secure its maritime sovereignty was strongly projected by the emergence of a ‘Sink the Vessels\u27 policy by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), chaired by Susi Pudjiastuti since 2014. In the context of the South China Sea polemics which shows the relationship with the territorial waters of Indonesia in Natuna, the policy has significant implication to the South China Sea maritime geopolitics. The question is what the implications of the ‘Sink the Vessels\u27 policy toward maritime geopolitics in the South China Sea. Using structuration and geopolitics approaches, this article argues that Indonesia\u27s IUU Fishing policy enhances the complexity of maritime security in the South China Sea which ultimately leads to the strengthening of political realism behaviour among countries whom potential to conflict with Indonesia in the context of IUU Fishing in Natuna waters