The impact of aquatic exercise programs on the intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries, hemodynamic parameters, lipid profile and chemokines of community-dwelling older persons: a randomized controlled trial

Scientific evidence has shown that physical exercise is an effective way of improving several cardiovascular disease markers. However, few studies have tested its effectiveness whenperformed in aquatic environments. The purpose of this study was to test the impact of different aquatic exercise programs on the intima-media thickness of carotid arteries (IMT) and hemodynamic and biochemical markers of cardiovascular diseases in community-dwelling older persons. A total of 102 participants were randomly allocated into four groups: an aerobic exercise group (AerG) (n = 25, 71.44 ± 4.84 years); an aerobic interval group (IntG) (n = 28, 72.64 ± 5.22 years); a combined group (ComG) (n = 29, 71.90 ± 5.67 years); and a control group (CG) (n = 20, 73.60 ± 5.25 years). The AerG, IntG, and ComG participants took part in three different aquatic exercise programs for 28 weeks. The CG participants maintained their usual routines. All participants were evaluated for IMT, blood pressure, lipid profile, and MCP-1 and MIP-1α chemokines, pre- and post-intervention. Significant differences were found in the AerG for diastolic diameter (DD), in the IntG for peak systolic velocity (PSV), and in the ComG for DD and end-diastolic velocity (EDV). Regarding blood pressure, significant differences were found in AerG for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP); in IntG for DBP; and in ComG for SBP, DBP, and heart rate (HR). Significant differences were found in the AerG and IntG for glucose (GLU). Lower plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1α) were found in the AerG and in the ComG for MCP-1 after the intervention. Aquatic physical exercise appears to improve cardiovascular health, regardless of the type of the program adopted. Aerobic programs (combined and continuous aerobic exercises) seemed to have a more beneficial effect in reducing important cardiovascular risk markers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influence of the built environment on physical activity and its relationship with childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis / Influência do ambiente construído na atividade física e sua relação com a obesidade infantil: Revisão sistemática com meta-análise

Background: Childhood obesity is understood as a health problem of concern due to the changes it can cause in the development process. Being the physical activity and the built environment important influencers in this process. The authors aimed to analyze studies of the last ten years, checking the relationship between the level of physical activity, the built environment and obesity. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted through PubMed, B-on and Web of Science, using the terms (obesity child* AND physi* activit*) AND (obesity child* OR overweight you*) AND (built environment). To evaluate the quality of the studies, the PRISMA tool and the STROBE index were used. Five studies were selected and their data were analyzed by the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V.3. Results: It can be stated that there is an inverse relationship between the evaluated aspects (obesity, built environment and physical activity), presenting a negative correlation of 0.026 with p = 0.0001. The results of the Z test = -4.050, where the ease and availability of physical activity places are related to childhood obesity levels. Conclusions: Childhood obesity may be inversely related to the built environment, due to the ease and availability of places for physical activity

Profile of motor development in public state school’s eighth grade students in São Bento do Sul - SC

O desenvolvimento motor classifica-se como um processo de mudança sequencial no nível de funcionamento do indivíduo que engloba uma série de transformações em seu comportamento motor. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil de desenvolvimento motor de alunos de oito anos das escolas públicas estaduais da cidade de São Bento do Sul – SC. Métodos: A amostra constituiu-se de 50 alunos de ambos os gêneros; para a pesquisa foi utilizado como instrumento de coleta de dados a Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor (EMD), desenvolvida por Rosa Neto (2002), a qual avalia o desenvolvimento motor do indivíduo, testando os parâmetros de motricidade fina, motricidade global, equilíbrio, organização espacial e temporal e esquema corporal. A análise descritiva dos dados foi feita através da média, desvio padrão, valor mínimo, valor máximo. Resultados e Conclusão: Considerando os resultados obtidos no presente estudo, pode-se concluir que os alunos apresentaram um perfil de desenvolvimento motor dentro da normalidade, ou seja, compatíveis com a idade cronológica em que se encontravam.Motor development is classified as a sequential process of change in the individual’s level of functioning which includes a series of changes in their motor behavior. Objective: This study aimed intended to draw the eight-year students of motor development profile of public schools in São Bento do Sul - SC. Methods: The sample consisted of 50 students of both genders; for the research was used as a tool for data collection Motor Development Scale (EMD) developed by Rosa Neto (2002), which evaluates the individual’s motor development, testing the parameters of fine motor skills, overall motor skills, balance, organization spatial and temporal and body image. A descriptive analysis was performed by mean, standard deviation, minimum value, maximum value. Results and Conclusion: Considering the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the students had a motor development profile within the normal range, ie compatible with chronological age in which they were.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano (CIMOHU

Correlation between the aerobic capacity, grip strength and cognition function and cardiometabolic diseases risk markers in the non-institutionalized old adults: a cross-sectional analysis

The elderly population is constantly growing worldwide. One of the characteristics of aging is the decrease in functional fitness and cognitive function, leading to the appearance of cardiometabolic disorders. Methodology: The aim of this study is to verify the association between aerobic capacity, handgrip strength and cognition with risk markers for cardiometabolic diseases and mental health in community dwelling elderly. The study consists of a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a 28-week randomized controlled trial, with a sample of 102 participants (mean age 72.32 ± 5.25 years). The sample was evaluated for anthropometry, functional fitness, heart rate variability, carotid artery intima and mean thickness (IMT), cognitive function, mental health and biochemical markers. Correlations were evaluated using Pearson's statistical analysis and interpreted according to Cohen's (1988). Results: Statistically significant correlations were found between aerobic capacity (2m-ST) and markers of functional, cardiovascular, biochemical, cognitive function and mental health fitness. Handgrip strength (HG) was statistically significantly correlated with anthropometric measurements, various indicators of functional fitness, biochemical markers, cognitive function, and mental health variables. Finally, cognitive function (MMSE) was correlated with anthropometric measures, functional fitness, cardiovascular and biochemical markers, and mental health. These data suggest that aerobic capacity, handgrip strength and cognitive function may be hypothetically associated with cardiovascular disease risk markers.A população idosa está em constante crescimento a nível mundial. Uma das caraterísticas do envelhecimento é a diminuição da aptidão funcional e função cognitiva, levando ao aparecimento de distúrbios cardiometabólicos. Metodologia: O objetivo deste estudo é verificar a associação entre a capacidade aeróbia, força de preensão manual e cognição com marcadores de risco de doenças cardiometabólicas e saúde mental, em idosos da comunidade. O estudo consiste na análise transversal dos dados de linha base de um estudo randomizado controlado de 28 semanas, sendo a amostra constituída por 102 participantes (média de idade de 72,32 ± 5,25 anos). A amostra avaliada quanto à antropometria, aptidão funcional, variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, espessura íntima e média das artérias carótidas (IMT), função cognitiva, saúde mental e marcadores bioquímicos. As correlações foram avaliadas através da análise estatística de Pearson e interpretadas de acordo com Cohen’s (1988). Resultados: Foram verificadas correlações estatisticamente significativas entre a capacidade aeróbia (2m-ST) e marcadores de aptidão funcional, cardiovasculares, bioquímicos, função cognitiva e saúde mental. A força de preensão manual (HG) foi correlacionada de forma estatisticamente significativa com medidas antropométricas, vários indicadores de aptidão funcional, marcadores bioquímicos, função cognitiva e variáveis de saúde mental. Finalmente a função cognitiva (MMSE) foi correlacionada com medidas antropométricas, aptidão funcional, marcadores cardiovasculares e bioquímicos, e saúde mental. Estes dados sugerem que a capacidade aeróbia, força de preensão manual e função cognitiva podem estar hipoteticamente associadas a marcadores de risco de doenças cardiovascularesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The impact of aquatic exercise programs on the immunologic profile of community dwelling older persons: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Evidence shows that physical exercise is important in maintaining an efficient immune system during ageing. However, there are few studies that test the impact of aquatic exercise programs on the immune system. This study aims to analyze the impact of different physical exercise programs in aquatic environment on the systemic hematological and inflammatory markers of community dwelling elderly. One hundred and two elderly were randomly allocated into four groups: a continuous aerobic exercise group (AerG) (n = 25, 71.44 ± 4.84 years); an interval aerobic exercise group (IntG) (n = 28, 72.64 ± 5.22 years); a combined exercise group (ComG) (n = 29, 71.90 ± 5.67 years); a control group (CG) (n = 20, 73.60 ± 5.25 years). The AerG, IntG and ComG participants took part in three different aquatic exercise programs over a 28- weeks period. The CG participants maintained their usual routines during the same time period. Blood samples were collected from all participants in order to access hematologic indicators, by means of cell count, and the inflammatory profile by ELISA. After 28 weeks, significant differences were found for several hematologic variables in the AerG, IntG and ComG with increases in mean corpuscular hemoglobulin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobulin concentration (MCHC), and hemoglobulin (Hb). Decreases in TNF-α levels were found for all exercising groups. An increase in IL-10 levels, granulocytes to lymphocytes ratio (GLR) and a decrease in the TNF-α/IL 10 ratio, were found for the IntG. For the ComG decreases were also found for the TNF-α, IL-1ß/IL-1ra ratios. The present study suggests that aquatic exercise programs were able to improve the inflammatory profile of the participants. Those in the exercise intervention groups showed a shift towards lower pro-inflammatory levels while the non-exercising group showed the opposite behaviour. The IntG and the ComG aquatic exercise programs appeared to be more effective than the AerG program in decreasing chronic low-grade inflammation by mediating the production of higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, the differences found between the exercising groups were small and may not have clinical significance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Relación entre la duración del sueño y el desempeño cognitivo en adolescentes

Sleep time may interfere with the ability to perform tasks requiring memory, organization and reasoning. A lack of sleep has been related to cognitive deficits; however, few studies had demonstrated an association between sleep duration and cognitive performance in South American adolescents. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine whether a correlation between sleep duration and cognitive performance in adolescents exist. Participants from a rural school in Brazil were required to register the time they went to bed to sleep and the time they woke-up the following morning. The Stroop test was used to measure cognitive performance. Independent samples t-tests and a binary logistic regression analysis were computed. Boys went to bed a mean of one-hour later than girls (p 0.05). Boys slept 20-min less compared to girls (p < 0.05). Boys read more correctly than girls (p < 0.05); however, no significant gender differences were observed for reading speed and word color performance tests. A significant correlation (r = 0.12, p = 0.01) between sleep duration and cognitive performance on the Stroop test was found. In conclusion, individuals with adequate sleep duration performed better on cognitive tasks than individuals with irregular sleeping habits.Actualmente se han realizado distintos estudios en relación con la variable tiempo de sueño, y existen indicios de que esta puede interferir en la capacidad de ejecutar tareas que exijan memoria, organización y raciocinio. El objetivo del estudio fue verificar si existe relación entre la duración del sueño y el desempeño cognitivo en adolescentes de una escuela rural brasileira. Se contó con la participación de 54 sujetos (28 varones y 26 mujeres), con un promedio de edad de 13,7±0,9 años. Para medir el tiempo de sueño, se utilizó un cuestionario donde el sujeto debía escribir la hora a la que se fue a dormir y la hora a la que se despertó el día siguiente. Para verificar el desempeño en actividades cognitivas se aplicó el test de Stroop, el cual posee una confiabilidad de 0.89. Se realizó análisis descriptivo de los datos, además se aplicó una "t-student" no paramétrica con correlación de Levene y un análisis de regresión logística binaria con un intervalo de confianza del 95% y e. p<0,05. Se encontró una relación positiva entre la duración del sueño de los adolescentes con el desempeño en el test de Stroop (r=0.12 p=0.01). Se concluye que los individuos que presentaban una duración de sueño adecuada tienen un mejor desempeño en tareas cognitivas en comparación a individuos con hábitos irregulares de sueño.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano (CIMOHU)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Educación::Escuela de Educación Físic

Efecto del entrenamiento de la fuerza sobre la composición corporal, fuerza y capacidad aeróbica de los jugadores adolescentes de balonmano brasileños relacionados con el pico de crecimiento

Objective: During adolescence are expected significant increases in growth rate, strength and body proportions. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in strength, body composition and aerobic capacity after a strength training during different peak growth rate periods in adolescent handball players. Material and method: Twenty-five male adolescents' handball players performed a strength-training program for 8 weeks. The body fat percentage was estimated by Slaughter equation, and the Peak Growth Rate (PGR) defined as: 1 = before peak, 2= within peak; 3= after peak. The repetition maximal test (1 RM) was performance for upper (bench press) and lower-body strength (leg press). Analyze of variance and post-hoc was computed to determine differences between PGR groups, strength and aerobic capacity. Results: No significant changes in body composition were found following after the strength-training program. Upper-body strength increased (A = 26.3%) in the PGR 1 significantly compared to PGR 3 (A = 13.4%) (p < 0.05). No significant changes were found between the PGR groups 1,2 and 3 on aerobic capacity (A = 2.9%, 3.4% and 3.8%, respectively) and lower-body strength raise (A = 11.3%, 19.0% and 15.2%, respectively) after training program in all groups. Conclusions: Changes in body composition were observed between PGR. Aerobic capacity and strength do not differ between limbs at early and average PGR. Increased VO2max, upper and lower-body strength was found in late PGR group in handball players following 8 weeks of strength training.Objetivo: Durante la adolescencia se esperan aumentos significativos en la tasa de crecimiento, la fuerza y proporciones corporales. El propósito de este estudio fue examinar los cambios en la fuerza, la composición corporal y la capacidad aeróbica posteriores a un programa de entrenamiento de la fuerza durante diferentes períodos de la tasa de crecimiento pico en jugadores de balonmano adolescentes. Material y método: Veinticinco adolescentes, jugadores de balonmano masculinos, realizaron un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza durante 8 semanas. Se calculó el porcentaje de grasa corporal por la ecuación de Slaughter y la tasa de crecimiento pico (TCP) se definió como: 1 = pre-pico, 2= pico y 3 = post-pico. Se realizó la prueba de una repetición máxima (1RM) en los miembros superiores (press de banca) e inferiores (press de piernas). Se usaron pruebas de análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y los respectivos post hoc para determinar las diferencias entre los grupos de TCP para las variables de fuerza y capacidad aeróbica. Resultados: No hubo cambios significativos en la composición corporal después del programa de entrenamiento. La fuerza en los miembros superiores aumentó (∆% = 26.3) significativamente en el grupo de TCP1 en comparación con el grupo TCP3 (∆% = 13,4) (p < 0,05). No hubo cambios significativos entre los grupos de TCP1, 2 y 3 en la capacidad aeróbica (∆% = 2,9, 3,4 y 3,8, respectivamente) ni en la fuerza de las extremidades inferiores (∆% = 11,3, 19,0 and 15,2, respectivamente) después del programa de entrenamiento. Conclusiones: No se encontraron cambios en la composición corporal y la capacidad aeróbica entre los grupos de TCP. La capacidad aeróbica y la fuerza en los miembros superiores e inferiores no fue diferente en los grupos de TCP. En el grupo de jugadores de balonmano TCP3 se encontraron aumentos en VO2 máx y en la fuerza del tren inferior después de 8 semanas de entrenamiento de la fuerzaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano (CIMOHU

Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior and Physical Fitness in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Sedentary behavior has been considered an independent risk factor to health. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine associations between objectively measured sedentary time and physical fitness components in healthy adults. Methods: Four electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed and Sport Discus) were searched (up to 20 September 2020) to retrieve studies on healthy adults which used observational, cohort and cross-sectional designs. Studies were included if sedentary time was measured objectively and examined associations with the health- or skill-related attributes of physical fitness (e.g., muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, balance). After applying additional search criteria, 21 papers (11,101 participants) were selected from an initial pool of 5192 identified papers. Results: Significant negative associations were found between total sedentary time with cardiorespiratory fitness (r = -0.164, 95%CI: -0.240, -0.086, p < 0.001), muscular strength (r = -0.147, 95%CI: -0.266, -0.024, p = 0.020) and balance (r = -0.133, 95%CI: -0.255, -0.006, p = 0.040). Conclusions: The evidence found suggests that sedentary time can be associated with poor physical fitness in adults (i.e., muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness and balance), so strategies should be created to encourage behavioral changes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio