Diagnóstico y tentativa de plan de comunicación: el caso de Trac Diésel Bogotá LTDA

115 páginas incluye ilustraciones y diagramasEl presente trabajo de grado hace parte de los requisitos para recibir el título en calidad de Comunicadora Social y Periodista de la Facultad de Comunicación, en la Universidad de La Sabana, Bogotá - Colombia. Esta es una investigación que intenta recoger ideas y opiniones acerca de la identidad, cultura e imagen de Trac Diesel Bogotá Limitada, empresa de mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo para transporte pesado, con el objetivo de poner en práctica los fundamentos y teorías estudiadas durante el pensum académico, en materia de comunicación estratégica y marketing integrado. El interés de desarrollar este trabajo investigativo desde la perspectiva del caso particular de Trac Diesel, tiene dos motivaciones, académica y personal, respectivamente. En primer lugar, trabajar en un contexto en el que, desde la creación de la compañía, no se ha desarrollado ningún tipo de acción planificada en materia de comunicación y marketing. Y en segundo lugar, realizar un aporte que sugiera un valor intangible para esta compañía, que además de haber financiado mi trayectoria académica, pertenece a familia

Time management in a co-housed social rodent species (Arvicanthis niloticus)

Sociality has beneficial effects on fitness, and timing the activities of animals may be critical. Social cues could influence daily rhythmic activities via direct effects on the circadian clock or on processes that bypass it (masking), but these possibilities remain incompletely addressed. We investigated the effects of social cues on the circadian body temperature (Tb) rhythms in pairs of co-housed and isolated grass rats, Arvicanthis niloticus (a social species), in constant darkness (DD). Cohabitation did not induce synchronization of circadian Tb rhythms. However, socio-sexual history did affect circadian properties: accelerating the clock in sexually experienced males and females in DD and advancing rhythm phase in the females in a light-dark cycle. To address whether synchronization occurs at an ultradian scale, we analyzed Tb and activity rhythms in pairs of co-housed sisters or couples in DD. Regardless of pair type, co-housing doubled the percentage of time individuals were simultaneously active without increasing individual activity levels, suggesting that activity bouts were synchronized by redistribution over 24 h. Together, our laboratory findings show that social cues affect individual time allocation budgets via mechanisms at multiple levels of biological organization. We speculate that in natural settings these effects could be adaptive, especially for group-living animals

#44 - Effects of chemical vagotomy on the neonatal mouse paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus

Birth is marked by a dramatic transition from the sterile womb to a world full of microorganisms that colonize every body surface. We previously found that this colonization exerts rapid effects on brain development, as in mice born in the absence of microbes had increased cell death in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), an effect not seen 12 h prior to expected delivery. The gut microbiota influences the development of many body systems, and communicates bi-directionally with the brain. We hypothesize that the microbiota exerts effects on neuronal cell death via the vagus nerve, which connects the gut to the PVN via two synapses. To test this, we plan to use capsaicin to perform chemical vagotomies, but we must first validate the approach. In preliminary studies, we confirmed that capsaicin injections to newborn mice caused marked increases in death of vagal afferents. To further validate our technique, in this experiment we evaluated whether capsaicin also induces cell death in the PVN (which could present a confound to our study) and whether it influences neural activity in this nucleus. Mice were injected with capsaicin or vehicle subcutaneously on postnatal day 0 and their brains were collected 0.5, 2, 4, 6, or 24 hours later, and processed for immunohistochemical detection of markers of cell death (activated caspase-3, AC3) or neural activation (Fos). We found that capsaicin did not alter cell death in the PVN at any time point. It did, however, cause increased Fos expression 2 and 4 hours after treatment, which may be due to the activation of the vagal-PVN pathway. The absence of capsaicin-induced cell death in the PVN suggests that chemical vagotomies may be a useful approach to test whether the microbiota affects cell death in the PVN via the vagus nerve

Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray, Neutrino, and Photon Propagation and the Multi-Messenger Approach

The propagation of UHECR nuclei for A=1 (protons) to A=56 (iron) from cosmological sources through extragalactic space is discussed in the first lecture. This is followed in the second and third lectures by a consideration of the generation and propagation of secondary particles produced via the UHECR loss interactions. In the second lecture we focus on the generation of the diffuse cosmogenic UHE-neutrino flux. In the third lecture we investigate the arriving flux of UHE-photon flux at Earth. In the final lecture the results of the previous lectures are put together in order to provide new insights into UHECR sources. The first of these providing a means with which to investigate the local population of UHECR sources through the measurement of the UHECR spectrum and their photon fraction at Earth. The second of these providing contraints on the UHECR source radiation fields through the possible observation at Earth of UHECR nuclei.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, to appear in A.I.P. Conf. Proceedings, 3rd Latin American School on Cosmic Rays, Arequipa, Peru, September, 200

Day-night Differences in Neural Activation in Histaminergic and Serotonergic Areas with Putative Projections to the Cerebrospinal Fluid in a Diurnal Brain

In nocturnal rodents, brain areas that promote wakefulness have a circadian pattern of neural activation that mirrors the sleep/wake cycle, with more neural activation during the active phase than during the rest phase. To investigate whether differences in temporal patterns of neural activity in wake-promoting regions contribute to differences in daily patterns of wakefulness between nocturnal and diurnal species, we assessed Fos expression patterns in the tuberomammillary (TMM), supramammillary (SUM), and raphe nuclei of male grass rats maintained in a 12:12 h light-dark cycle. Day-night profiles of Fos expression were observed in the ventral and dorsal TMM, in the SUM, and in specific subpopulations of the raphe, including serotonergic cells, with higher Fos expression during the day than during the night. Next, to explore whether the cerebrospinal fluid is an avenue used by the TMM and raphe in the regulation of target areas, we injected the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit beta (CTB) into the ventricular system of male grass rats. While CTB labeling was scarce in the TMM and other hypothalamic areas including the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which contains the main circadian pacemaker, a dense cluster of CTB-positive neurons was evident in the caudal dorsal raphe, and the majority of these neurons appeared to be serotonergic. Since these findings are in agreement with reports for nocturnal rodents, our results suggest that the evolution of diurnality did not involve a change in the overall distribution of neuronal connections between systems that support wakefulness and their target areas, but produced a complete temporal reversal in the functioning of those systems

Valoración de la comunicación interna de las universidades privadas de Piura por sus trabajadores, 2020

La presente investigación de tipo no experimental de diseño descriptivo – comparativo se orientó a determinar el nivel de valoración de la comunicación interna de las universidades privadas de la ciudad de Piura desde el punto de vista de los trabajadores, 2020. Para ello se planteó como hipótesis que el nivel de valoración de la comunicación interna en la Universidad de Piura y en la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego es buena y la Universidad César Vallejo es regular. Se consideró una población de 1048 trabajadores de las universidades y la muestra que se calculó probabilísticamente fue de 281 colaboradores, entre personal docente y administrativo. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y el instrumento un cuestionario diseñado en escala ordinal que fue validado a través de juicio de expertos y demostrando su confiabilidad a través del estadístico de fiabilidad, el Alfa de Cronbach que arrojó un resultado de 0.85. Los resultados de esta investigación indican que las tres universidades si se han sabido adaptar a la situación actual junto con sus colaboradores, lo cual les permite un buen funcionamiento de comunicación interna. Concluye y demuestra que los colaboradores reafirman la importancia que tiene la comunicación interna y en la forma que lo maneje la institución repercutirá en su desempeño laboral y en la relación con todos los públicos.This non-experimental descriptive-comparative design research was aimed at determining the level of assessment of internal communication of the private universities of the city of Piura from the point of view of the workers, 2020. To this end, it was hypothesised that the level of assessment of internal communication at the University of Piura and the Orrego Private Antenor University is good and the Cesar Vallejo University is regular. It was considered a population of 1048 university workers and the sample that was probably calculated was 281 employees, between teaching and administrative staff. For the collection of data, the survey technique and the instrument used a questionnaire designed on an ordinary scale that was validated through expert judgement and demonstrating its reliability through the reliability statistic, the Cronbach Alpha which yielded a result of 0.85. The results of this research indicate that the three universities, if they have been able to adapt to the current situation together with their collaborators, allow them to function properly in internal communication. It concludes and demonstrates that the collaborators reaffirm the importance of internal communication and the way it is handled by the institution will have an impact on their work performance and on the relationship with all audiences.Tesi

Neonatal inhibition of DNA methylation disrupts testosterone-dependent masculinization of neurochemical phenotype

Many neural sex differences are differences in the number of neurons of a particular phenotype. For example, male rodents have more calbindin-expressing neurons in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and females have more neurons expressing estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and kisspeptin in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), respectively. These sex differences depend on neonatal exposure to testosterone, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. DNA methylation is important for cell phenotype differentiation throughout the developing organism. We hypothesized that testosterone causes sex differences in neurochemical phenotype via changes in DNA methylation, and tested this by inhibiting DNA methylation neonatally in male and female mice, and in females given a masculinizing dose of testosterone. Neonatal testosterone treatment masculinized calbindin, ERα and kisspeptin cell number of females at weaning. Inhibiting DNA methylation with zebularine increased calbindin cell number only in control females, thus eliminating sex differences in calbindin in the mPOA and BNST. Zebularine also reduced the sex difference in ERα cell number in the VMH, in this case by increasing ERα neuron number in males and testosterone-treated females. In contrast, the neonatal inhibition of DNA methylation had no effect on kisspeptin cell number. We conclude that testosterone normally increases the number of calbindin cells and reduces ERα cells in males through orchestrated changes in DNA methylation, contributing to, or causing, the sex differences in both cell types.Fil: Cisternas, Carla Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra; ArgentinaFil: Cortese, Maria Laura. Georgia State University; Estados UnidosFil: Golynker, Ilona. Georgia State University; Estados UnidosFil: Castillo-Ruiz, Alexandra. Georgia State University; Estados UnidosFil: Forger, Nancy G.. Georgia State University; Estados Unido

A new miocene–pliocene ichnotaxon for vermetid anchoring bioerosion structures

A revision of Renichnus arcuatus Mayoral, 1987, the vermetid attachment etching trace fossil (fixichnia), is presented here with an emended diagnosis. Renichnus arcuatus should be used only for nested reniform depressions arranged in linear series or solitary ones. A new ichnotaxon, Santichnus mayorali ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov., is described to name a bioerosion structure that previous authors included under R. arcuatus. The new trace fossil comes from the Miocene–Pliocene deposits from Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, Canary Islands, and is characterized as a shallow canal, semicircular in cross-section that occurs on the surface of hard substrates. Santichnus mayorali follows a logarithmic spiral path that may depart in its outer whorl in a somewhat straight shaft that becomes recurved back toward the spiral. From an actualistic point of view, this new ichnotaxon is interpreted as the anchorage bioerosion structure of vermetid gastropods. Given the close relationship between the two ichnotaxa (Renichnus and Santichnus) that share vermetid gastropods as their tracemakers, it is proposed that they should be considered as compound trace fossils when they occur interconnected

La Política Exterior de la República China hacia la República de China (Taiwán), en el período 2000-2017: repercusiones políticas y la posición de los Estados Unidos de América.

El desarrollo histórico de la problemática entre la República Popular China y la República de China (Taiwán)—Repercusiones de la Política Exterior entre ambas naciones, ante las estrategias implementadas por parte de la República Popular China hacia la República de China (Taiwán) –La posición en materia de Política Exterior por parte de los Estados Unidos de América frente a la situación entre la República Popular China y la República de China (Taiwán) en el periodo 2000-2017

INCIDENCE OF THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC ON TAX COLLECTION IN ECUADOR

The present research aims to analyze the incidence of the COVID 19 pandemic in the tax revenues of the Ecuadorian state, for which an analysis of tax collection has been made. The research is descriptive and analyzes the information of the collection statistics of the Internal Revenue Service, a comparative study is carried out of each of the taxes between the periods January - July 2019 and January-July 2020, in which a notable decrease in the state's economic resources is evidenced, with the most affected taxes being the Value Added Tax (IVA ), the Income Tax (IR) and the Special Consumption Tax (ICE). It is concluded that the COVID 19 pandemic has considerably affected tax collection in Ecuador causing, among other factors, the slowdown of the country's economy