Consensus on complementary feeding from the Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition: COCO 2023

Abstract Complementary feeding (CF) is defined as infant feeding that complements breastfeeding or, alternatively, breastfeeding with a breast milk substitute, and is a process that goes beyond simply providing guidance on what and how to introduce foods. The information provided by health professionals should be up-to-date and evidence-based. There are different guidelines or position papers at the international level, which, although most of the recommendations may be applicable, there are some others that require regionalization or adaptation to the conditions and reality of each area. The Nutrition working group of the Latin American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition convened a group of experts, representatives from each of the countries that make up the society, with the objective of developing a consensus on CA, incorporating, when possible, local information that adapts to the reality of the region. The purpose of this document is to show the results of this work. Through Delphi methodology, a total of 34 statements or statements regarding relevant aspects of CA were evaluated, discussed and voted upon.Resumen La alimentación complementaria (AC) se define como la alimentación de los lactantes que complementa a la lactancia materna o en su defecto, a la lactancia con un sucedáneo de la leche materna, y es un proceso que va más allá de simplemente una guía sobre qué y cómo introducir los alimentos. La información brindada por parte de los profesionales de la salud debe ser actualizada y basada en evidencia. Existen diferentes guías o documentos de posición a nivel internacional, que, aunque la mayoría de las recomendaciones pueden ser aplicables, hay algunas otras que requieren una regionalización o adecuación a las condiciones y realidad de cada zona. El grupo de trabajo de Nutrición de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica convocó a un grupo de expertos, representantes de cada uno de los países que conforman la sociedad, con el objetivo de desarrollar un consenso sobre la AC, que incorporó cuando así fue posible, información local que se adapte a la realidad de la región. El objetivo de este documento es mostrar los resultados de dicho trabajo. A través de metodología Delphi, se evaluaron, discutieron y votaron un total de 34 declaraciones o enunciados con respecto a aspectos relevantes de la AC

Determination of dexamethasone sodium phosphate and dexamethasone base in one sample of horse plasma or/and synovial fluid using high resolution liquid chromatography. Technical note

This trial describes a simple and fast procedure for the determination and quantification of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and dexamethasone base (DB) using one small sample of horse synovial fluid. The objective was to use High Resolution Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for the determination of DSP and DB in synovial fluid. For this purpose, a HPLC method was developed by using standard curves using known concentrations of DSP and DB. The method was further tested using synovial fluid and blood plasma from horses treated with dexamethasone. With the results obtained it was observed that the linearity of the method had a correlation coefficient of 0.990. The minimum detection limit (LD) for synovial fluid was 0.350 ?g/mL. The minimum quantification limit (LC) was computed with the formula LC = LD volume of Injection/Volume of Sample, 0.35 ?g/mL* 25 ?L/1000 mL = 1.4 ?L. In conclusion the described method is adequate for the determination of DSP and DB in one sample of horse plasma and/or synovial fluid. The method probed to be reliable and adequate for the determination of DSP and its DB in blood and synovial fluid of horses treated with the anti inflammatory drug

Determination of dexamethasone sodium phosphate and dexamethasone base in one sample of horse plasma or/and synovial fluid using high resolution liquid chromatography. Technical note

This trial describes a simple and fast procedure for the determination and quantification of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and dexamethasone base (DB) using one small sample of horse synovial fluid. The objective was to use High Resolution Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for the determination of DSP and DB in synovial fluid. For this purpose, a HPLC method was developed by using standard curves using known concentrations of DSP and DB. The method was further tested using synovial fluid and blood plasma from horses treated with dexamethasone. With the results obtained it was observed that the linearity of the method had a correlation coefficient of 0.990. The minimum detection limit (LD) for synovial fluid was 0.350 μg/mL. The minimum quantification limit (LC) was computed with the formula LC = LD volume of Injection/Volume of Sample, 0.35 μg/mL* 25 μL/1000 mL = 1.4 μL. In conclusion the described method is adequate for the determination of DSP and DB in one sample of horse plasma and/or synovial fluid. The method probed to be reliable and adequate for the determination of DSP and its DB in blood and synovial fluid of horses treated with the anti inflammatory drug

Ultrasonographic screening of embryo development in cattle (Bos indicus) between days 20 and 40 of pregnancy

Through a transrectal ultrasonography (Aloka SSD 500 microplus equipment, linear transducer of 7.5 MHz) a total of 267 observations were performed in a group of 50 females mainly Bos indicus, raised under humid tropical conditions and pregnant from day 20 every other day until day 40 post artificial insemination (AI). The objective was to measure the size of the amniotic vesicle and the longitudinal and transversal axis of the embryo, to determine the day in which it is possible to measure this structure and detect the heart contractions in the screened embryos. The accuracy in identifying the amniotic vesicle was 60% (12/20) on day 20 of the first screening with embryos having an average length of 0.44 ± 0.20 cm. Accuracy in detecting the embryo was 66.6 and 100% between days 20 and 24 post-breeding, respectively. The mean length of the embryos on day 20 was of 0.20 ± 0.07 cm and the transversal shape had a mean length of 0.07 ± 0.02 cm. The accuracy of detecting heart contractions was 50% (9/18) on day 24 post-breeding and for day 26 the accuracy was 100%. At the end of the screening (day 40), embryos had means of 1.92 ± 0.24 (longitudinal) and 0.85 ± 0.11 cm (transverse). The embryo can be detected from day 24 post-AI and the heart contractions from day 26 with 100% reliability. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Mediante una ultrasonografía transrectal (equipo Aloka SSD 500 microplus, transductor lineal de 7,5 MHz) se realizaron un total de 267 observaciones en un grupo de 50 hembras, principalmente Bos indicus, criadas en condiciones tropicales húmedas y preñadas desde el día 20 en días alternos hasta el día 40 postinseminación artificial (IA). El objetivo era medir el tamaño de la vesícula amniótica y el eje longitudinal y transversal del embrión, para determinar el día en que es posible medir esta estructura y detectar las contracciones del corazón en los embriones examinados. La precisión en la identificación de la vesícula amniótica fue del 60% (12/20) en el día 20 del primer cribado, con embriones que tenían una longitud media de 0,44 ± 0,20 cm. La precisión en la detección del embrión fue del 66,6 y del 100% entre los días 20 y 24 postcría, respectivamente. La longitud media de los embriones en el día 20 era de 0,20 ± 0,07 cm y la forma transversal tenía una longitud media de 0,07 ± 0,02 cm. La precisión de la detección de las contracciones cardíacas fue del 50% (9/18) en el día 24 después de la cría y para el día 26 la precisión fue del 100%. Al final del cribado (día 40), los embriones tenían medias de 1,92 ± 0,24 (longitudinal) y 0,85 ± 0,11 cm (transversal). El embrión puede detectarse a partir del día 24 post-AI y las contracciones cardíacas a partir del día 26 con una fiabilidad del 100%.Universidad Nacional, Costa RicaEscuela de Medicina Veterinari

Swayback em duas crianças: relato de caso

Swayback or congenital ataxia is a disease related to copper deficiency in small ruminants, characterized by neuroaxonal degeneration and demyelination. Affected animals present with severe ataxia, progressing to recumbency, blindness, anemia, and death. Copper is a component of the enzymes cytochrome oxidase, superoxide dismutase, tyrosinase, dopa hydroxylase, and the protein ceruloplasmin. In young animals, the disease has two presentations: the congenital form known as Swayback that occurs in newborn lambs and the late form called enzootic ataxia that affects lambs usually present after six months of age. In this work, the signs, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, as well as the levels of copper detected in serum and liver of a pair of kids of 2 and 20 days of age are described.Swayback o ataxia congénita es una enfermedad relacionada con la deficiencia de cobre en pequeños rumiantes, que se caracteriza por degeneración neuroaxonal y desmielinización. Los animales afectados presentan ataxia severa, que progresa hacia recumbencia, ceguera, anemia, y muerte. El cobre es un componente de las enzimas citocromo oxidasa, superóxido de dismutasa, tirosinasa, dopa hidroxilasa y de la proteína ceruloplasmina. En animales jóvenes, la enfermedad tiene dos presentaciones: la forma congénita conocida como Swayback que se presenta en corderos recién nacidos y la forma tardía denominada ataxia enzoótica que afecta a corderos suelen presentarse después de los seis meses de edad. En este trabajo se describen los signos, lesiones macroscópicas y microscópicas, así como los niveles de cobre detectados en suero e hígado de un par de cabritos de 2 y 20 días de edad.Swayback ou ataxia congênita é uma doença relacionada à deficiência de cobre em pequenos ruminantes, caracterizada por degeneração neuroaxonal e desmielinização. Os animais afetados apresentam ataxia grave, progredindo para decúbito, cegueira, anemia e morte. O cobre é um componente das enzimas citocromo oxidase, superóxido dismutase, tirosinase, dopa hidroxilase e a proteína ceruloplasmina. Em animais jovens, a doença tem duas apresentações: a forma congênita conhecida como Swayback que ocorre em cordeiros recém-nascidos e a forma tardia denominada ataxia enzoótica que acomete cordeiros geralmente presentes após os seis meses de idade. Neste trabalho, são descritos os sinais, lesões macroscópicas e microscópicas, bem como os níveis de cobre detectados no soro e fígado de um par de cabritos de 2 e 20 dias

Voice Technology Study Report

This work was accomplished under the direction Dan Wagner and Armida Rosiles, ACT-530, as part of the FAA Airway Facilities Human Factors R,E, & D Program. The FAA Headquarters Program Manager is Lawrence Cole, AAR-100, and the AF Requirements sponsor is Dr. Brenda Boone, AFR-100This document presents the findings of a voice technology study that evaluated the potential of a speech-to-text and voice recognition system to support an Airway Facilities maintenance task. Researchers conducted the test at an Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR)-9 site at the William J. Hughes Technical enter. Thirteen Airway Facilities Specialists completed the procedure twice, once with the voice technology system and again with a paper manual. The results showed no differences in task completion time or workload. Suggesting that the voice technology system was no more time consuming or difficult to use than a traditional paper manual. The voice recognition rate was 86.6%. Questionnaire responses showed that users found the voice technology system understandable, easy to control, and responsive to voice commands. When asked to compare voice technology to the use of a paper manual for the Air Traffic Control Beacon Interrogator (ATCBI)-5 maintenance procedure, study participants indicated that the voice technology system made the maintenance task easier to perform, was more efficient and effective than a paper manual, and would be better for handling large amounts of information. Researchers concluded that this study resulted in a successful demonstration of voice technology for the Airway Facilities maintenance procedure. It was recommended that further, more extensive studies be conducted using voice technology systems in a wider variety of Airway Facilities environments and tasks