Aplicabilidade das equações de referência para o teste de caminhada de seis minutos em adultos e idosos saudáveis de um município do estado de São Paulo

O teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) tem sido considerado simples, seguro, de fácil administração, além de fornecer resultados representativos sobre atividades habituais do dia a dia. Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar e comparar a distância percorrida no TC6 com as distâncias previstas por equações disponíveis na literatura científica em adultos e idosos saudáveis do município de São Carlos (SP), e verificar a aplicabilidade dessas equações nessa população. Foram avaliados 43 indivíduos (23 homens), dos 55 aos 78 anos, por meio da avaliação física, espirometria e do TC6. Observamos que a distância percorrida no TC6 foi significativamente (teste t-pareado: pThe six-minute walk test (6MWT) has been considered simple, safe, easy administration, and provide representative results about normal activities of day-to-day. The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) with predicted distance by reference equations available in the scientific literature in healthy elderly adults, and to verify the applicability of these reference equations in this population. Forty-three elderly adults apparently healthy (23 males) between 55 to 78 years old were assessed by means of general physical assessment, the spirometry and 6MWT. The 6MWT was performed twice, with 30-min interval between them. The 6MWD was significantly (paired t-test: pEl test de marcha de seis minutos (TM6) es considerado simple, seguro y de fácil administración, además de entregar resultados representativos sobre actividades habituales del día a día. Los objetivos del estudio fueron evaluar y comparar la distancia recorrida en el TM6 con las distancias previstas por ecuaciones disponibles en la literatura científica en adultos y adultos mayores saludables del municipio de Sao Carlos/SP, y verificar la aplicabilidad de esas ecuaciones en esta población. Fueron evaluados 43 individuos (23 hombres), entre los 55 a los 78 años, por medio de evaluación física, espirometría y del TM6. Observamos que la distancia recorrida en el TM6 fue significativamente (test t-pareado:

Respostas ecofisiológicas de cafeeiros submetidos ao deficit hídrico para concentração da florada no Cerrado de Minas Gerais

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different periods of water deficit imposition on narrowing coffee (Coffea arabica) blossom period, as well as on gas exchange, coffee bean yield, maturity, and grain quality. The Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 and Bourbon Amarelo J9 cultivars were evaluated according to the following treatments: nonirrigated (NI), continuously irrigated (CI), and suspension of irrigation on 7/1/2010 (D1) and on 8/1/2010 (D2), which was restarted on 9/24/2010. About three days after irrigation was restarted, a “blossom rain” was registered, with 69 mm precipitation. The pre‑dawn leaf water potential (Ypd) of the cultivars Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 and Bourbon Amarelo J9, on 9/22, was of ‑0.59 and ‑0.82 MPa, ‑0.53 and ‑0.79 MPa, and ‑0.34 and ‑0.49 MPa for the NI, D1, and D2 treatments, respectively. The maximum percentage of flower buds at the E4 stage, right before rainfall occurrence, was not affected by the water deficit levels imposed during winter, regardless of the cultivar. The moderate water deficits imposed by the treatments (Ypd ~ ‑0.80 MPa) had little or no effect on gas exchange, on flowering rate or maturation uniformity – 66% ripe cherries –, and on coffee bean yield and classification of both cultivars. The effect of the different treatments on the water status of the flower buds does not overcome the effects of the blossom rain, which was determinant for their opening.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes períodos de imposição do deficit hídrico sobre a concentração da florada do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica), bem como sobre as trocas gasosas, a produtividade, a maturação e a qualidade dos grãos. As cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e Bourbon Amarelo J9 foram avaliadas conforme os seguintes tratamentos: não irrigado (NI), irrigado continuamente (IC), e suspensão da irrigação em 1/7/2010 (D1) e em 1/8/2010 (D2), com retorno desta em 24/9/2010. Cerca de três dias após a retomada da irrigação, registrou-se a ocorrência de uma “chuva de florada”, com precipitação de 69 mm. O potencial hídrico foliar de antemanhã (Yam) nas cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e Bourbon Amarelo J9, em 22/9, foi de ‑0,59 e ‑0,82 MPa, ‑0,53 e ‑0,79 MPa, e ‑0,34 e ‑0,49 MPa, para os tratamentos NI, D1 e D2, respectivamente. O percentual máximo de botões florais no estádio E4, imediatamente antes da ocorrência da chuva, não foi afetado pelos níveis de deficit impostos durante o inverno, independentemente das cultivares. Os níveis moderados de deficit hídrico impostos pelos tratamentos (Yam ~ ‑0,80 MPa) produziram pouco ou nenhum efeito sobre as trocas gasosas, a taxa de florescimento ou a uniformidade de maturação – percentagem de cerejas de 66% –, e a produtividade e a classificação dos grãos, de ambas as cultivares. O efeito dos diferentes tratamentos sobre o status hídrico dos botões florais não se sobrepõe ao efeito da chuva de florada, que foi determinante para sua abertura

Respiratory muscular strength decrease in children with mylomeningocele

Study Design. Case-control study.Objective. To evaluate respiratory muscle force in children with myelomeningocele. Summary of Background Data. Myelomeningocele is a common spinal cord malformation with limitations linked to central nervous system lesions and abnormalities in respiratory movements. Despite this, little attention has been given to evaluating respiratory muscle force in these patients.Methods. Children with myelomeningocele aged between 4 and 14 years ( myelomeningocele group; MG, n = 20) were studied and compared with healthy children ( control group; CG, n = 20) matched for age and gender. Respiratory muscular force was evaluated by maximum inspiratory ( Pimax) and expiratory ( Pemax) pressures.Results. Groups were similar for age [ CG = 8 ( 6 - 13) = MG = 8 ( 4 - 14), P > 0.05]; gender, and body mass index [ CG = 17.4 ( 14.1 - 24.7) x MG = 19.2 ( 12.6 - 31.9), P > 0.05]. The lumbosacral region was predominantly affected ( 45%). Maximum respiratory pressures were significantly higher in CG than MG ( Pimax = CG: similar to 83 +/- 21.75 > MG: -54.1 +/- 23.66; P MG: + 64.6 +/- 26.97; P = 0.01). Patients with upper spinal lesion ( UL) had lower maximum respiratory pressure values than those with lower spinal lesion ( LL), [Pimax ( UL = - 38.33 +/- 11.20 cm H2O x LL = - 60.85 +/- 24.62 cm H2O), P < 0.041 and Pemax ( UL = + 48 +/- 20.82 cm H2O x LL + 71.71 +/- 26.73 cm H2O), P = 0.067]).Conclusion. Children with myelomeningocele at the ages studied presented reduced respiratory muscle force with more compromise in upper spinal lesion

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 90 kDa isoform: Biomarker for diagnosis of preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia (PE), one of the leading gestational hypertensive diseases, is characterized by increased blood pressure (>= 140/90 mm Hg) and pathological proteinuria after 20 weeks gestation. It is a complex, multifactorial syndrome with an unestablished etiology and cure. the search continues for a biomarker that could assist in the early prediction or diagnosis of PE, reducing the rate of maternal and fetal mortality. Based on the findings of Casarini et al. that suggest the 90 kDa isoform of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) as a possible marker of hypertension, we hypothesized that this isoform may be present in pregnant women with PE, since they present a transient and spontaneous model of systemic arterial hypertension in pregnancy.We believe, therefore, that pregnant women with pure PE (PPE) express the ACE 90 kDa isoform in urine, as well as having elevated isoform enzymatic activity, during pregnancy only. Postpartum, with the normalization of blood pressure, the protein isoform would no longer be expressed. Pregnant women with superimposed preeclampsia (SPE) would present the ACE 90 kDa isoform both during and after the gestation period, and its enzymatic activity would remain high as they are chronically hypertensive. It is expected that normotensive pregnant women do not present this isoform in their urine as elevated blood pressure levels do not occur. Both normotensive and PPE affected pregnant women with a family history of hypertension, will possibly express the ACE 90 kDa isoform before pregnancy and may become hypertensive, only after some years, through the influence of environmental factors and/or other diseases.If our hypothesis is confirmed, it will allow differentiation of PPE and SPE sooner than 12 weeks postpartum, which is currently the estimated period for confirmation of the specific diagnosis. Furthermore, it could be an early biomarker for predicting the disease, enabling the physician to choose the best clinical management. in addition, it would minimize the use of other methods as the biological sample for obtaining the marker is urine, a practical and effective test with good reproducibility. Finally, test results would enable a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in gestational hypertension. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS)Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Lucas Hosp, Grad Program Med & Hlth Sci Nephrol, Sch Med,Inst Biomed Res, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc