Bridging the Gap Between Energy and Climate Policies in Brazil: Policy Options to Reduce Energy-Related GHG Emissions

Brazil is facing a series of important policy decisions that will determine its energy future over the next several decades, with important implications for the country's economic competitiveness, the well-being of its citizens, and the global climate. The decisions concern the direction of approximately 0.5 trillion U.S. dollars of anticipated investment in energy infrastructure over the next decade -- which can either lock in carbon-intensive infrastructure, or advance Brazil's position as a leader in the low-carbon economy. This report examines Brazil's key energy-related GHG emitting sectors through a climate lens in order to offer recommendations for a more integrated approach that can more effectively reconcile energy and climate needs. It begins with an overview of Brazil's past energy and GHG emissions profiles, current pledges and future trends, and a discussion of the implications for a possible allocation of the remaining global carbon budget. Next, it reviews available scenarios for Brazil's energy-related GHG emissions in order to identify key drivers and results and compare them to a given allocation of the global carbon budget. It then focuses on the top emitting subsectors -- transport, industry, and power generation -- to identify key abatement opportunities. The report concludes with recommendations regarding a portfolio of policies and measures that could achieve both climate and energy objectives

Développement économique et agriculture familiale au Brésil.

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The Aristotelian theory of regimes and the problem of kingship in Politics III

A proposta principal do presente artigo é compreender o caráter complexo e multifacetado da teoria dos regimes elaborada por Aristóteles, no livro III da Política, e, por meio disso, identificar os principais elementos filosóficos e conceituais que tornam possível ao filósofo, nesse momento da obra, efetuar uma vigorosa defesa da tese segundo a qual a realeza pode ser considerada, em determinadas circunstâncias políticas, como a melhor forma de governo.The main purpose of this paper is to understand the complex and many-sided nature of the theory of regimes elaborated by Aristotle in Politics III and thereby to identify the main philosophical and conceptual elements that make it possible for the philosopher, at this point of the work, to accomplish a vigorous defense of the thesis according to which the kingship can be considered, under certain political circumstances, the best form of government. Recebido: 25/11/2016 Aceito: 16/08/201

The medieval cultural and political origins of the industrial revolution

This article argues that cultural and political legacies from the Middle Ages were crucial for the sustained economic growth that led to the Industrial Revolution. The medieval social/political orders had an exceptional openness to innovations (technological, organizational and institutional) when compared to other contemporary civilizations. Such openness was caused by the competition between them, as well as by the existence of multiple organizations independent from the State. The emergence of national states changed the medieval scenario but a legacy of some of its important cultural/institutional features remained and played a decisive role in the forthcoming Industrial Revolution: the Rule of Law, individualism, representative assemblies, the respect for labor and professions (notably the merchants) and the embryo of a culture of economic growth. Also, the legacy of a process of accumulation of capital, which was translated into a superior level of labor productivity when compared to those prevailing in any other civilization until that moment

Equity valuation using accounting numbers : valuation models in the banking context : empirical performance and analysis of Broker’s reports

This study investigates the performance of the Dividend Discount Model (DDM), the Residual Income Valuation Model (RIVM) and two multiples based valuation methods, Forward Price to Earnings (P/E) and Price to Book (P/B) ratios, when analysing bank equity. Additionally, the role of Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) in the difference between the outputs of the DDM and the RIVM is analysed as a possible cause of this difference. Although the sample is relatively small, OCI is not found to be the driver of the difference between the output of the aforementioned mentioned models. The analysis also concludes that the performance of Dividend Discount Model and the Residual Income Valuation Model is highly sensitive to the inputs used, especially growth rates. The second part of this study investigates the valuation methods used by analysts in bank valuation, compares the findings with what literature proposes and analyses if the period of the most recent financial crisis had any impact on the methods used by analysts. It finds that in their majority, analysts conform to what literature proposes and that there was a noticeable change in valuation models used during the 2006-2011 period. Although many of the reports do not provide clear explanations as to why this happened, the analysis tries to fit in-report information with the theoretical framework

Sustainable development: an ecological economics perspective

O objetivo do trabalho é oferecer uma definição de desenvolvimento sustentável de uma perspectiva econômico-ecológica. Para tanto, foram analisadas inicialmente as condições históricas da formulação e a evolução do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável, de suas origens como ecodesenvolvimento até sua nova apresentação como economia verde. Em seguida, foram avaliadas as premissas do conceito de sustentabilidade fraca que permite à economia ambiental neoclássica desconsiderar a realidade natural em suas formulações de políticas ambientais. Por sua vez, a análise dos fundamentos teóricos da economia ecológica possibilitou chegar a uma definição de sustentabilidade estritamente ecológica, condição necessária para a definição de desenvolvimento sustentável proposta. Finalmente, são analisados os problemas para atingir o crescimento zero sem gerar uma crise e para mudar as expectativas de consumo em sociedades de consumo. Uma definição sucinta de desenvolvimento sustentável é, então, proposta26746592This paper offers a definition of sustainable development in an ecological economics perspective. For this it begins with a historical analysis of the sustainable development concept from its origins as ecodevelopment to its present formulation as green economy. It follows an assessment of the weak sustainability concept premises which allows for the neoclassical environmental economics not to take into full account the natural reality in its environmental policies proposals. The analysis of the ecological economics theoretical foundations, in turn, has made it possible to conceive a strictly ecological definition of sustainability, a necessary condition for the sustainable development definition proposed. Finally, the paper deals with the problem of slowing down the economy to zero growth without causing a crisis and the problem of changing the consumption expectations in consumption societies. A definition of sustainable development is then propose

Towards Social Change: Social Transformation in a Time of Social Disruption

This paper discusses the deepening of the current capitalist crisis in practical/theoretical groundings; its overcoming is not simply a theoretical but a concrete question. While the US-capitalism becomes more aggressive, its theoretical apprehension has been historically suppressed and substituted by more unifying discourses. A new paradigm arises: political left and right have merged. The political programs of the last decades were caught off guarded and cannot offer concrete, satisfying answers to real, social demands. However, the reorganisation of the Left from within could open the possibility for real social transformation.This paper discusses the deepening of the current capitalist crisis in practical/theoretical groundings; its overcoming is not simply a theoretical but a concrete question. While the US-capitalism becomes more aggressive, its theoretical apprehension has been historically suppressed and substituted by more unifying discourses. A new paradigm arises: political left and right have merged. The political programs of the last decades were caught off guarded and cannot offer concrete, satisfying answers to real, social demands. However, the reorganisation of the Left from within could open the possibility for real social transformation

Predictors of adverse events in uncomplicated type B Aortic Dissection: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

INTRODUÇÃO: A reparação endovascular da aorta torácica (TEVAR) tem sido seletivamente utilizada no tratamento da Disseção Aórtica aguda tipo B não complicada (TBAD); porém, nem todos os doentes beneficiam de TEVAR. A procura por preditores clínicos e radiográficos de alto risco ainda decorre. Esta Revisão Sistemática e Meta-Análise procurou identificar preditores de eventos adversos major durante o seguimento de TBAD não complicada, a fim de identificar quem poderá vir a beneficiar de TEVAR eletiva. AQUISIÇÃO DA EVIDÊNCIA: Foi realizada uma Revisão Sistemática de acordo com as seguintes recomendações: "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement". SÍNTESE DA EVIDÊNCIA: 16 estudos foram incluídos na síntese qualitativa e 10 foram incluídos na Meta-Análise. Vários fatores de risco para a ocorrência de eventos adversos major estão descritos, nomeadamente (1) diâmetro aórtico ≥40 mm, (2) maior diâmetro do falso lúmen (>22mm), (3) patência do falso lúmen, (4) porta de entrada primária com >10mm, e (5) maior número de vasos com origem no falso lúmen. A síntese quantitativa identificou uma associação significativa entre um diâmetro aórtico ≥40 mm e a ocorrência de eventos adversos major (HR=3.56; p<0.00001). A descrição do estado do falso lúmen, diâmetro aórtico e crescimento, e as informações demográficas nem sempre foram ao encontro das recomendações mais recentes da "Society for Vascular Surgery" e "Society of Thoracic Surgeons", publicadas em 2020. CONCLUSÕES: Os doentes com TBAD aguda e subaguda que apresentem um diâmetro aórtico ≥40 mm devem ser submetidos a TEVAR eletiva, uma vez que este é o fator de risco com maior impacto na ocorrência de eventos adversos major (HR). Os restantes fatores de risco apresentam um menor grau de evidência. São necessárias mais recomendações relativas à forma como alguns fatores de risco, resultados a longo-prazo e imagens de seguimento devem ser descritos, por forma a que haja uma seleção mais adequada dos doentes elegíveis para tratamento.INTRODUCTION: Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) has been selectively used for uncomplicated acute type B Aortic Dissection (TBAD); however, not all cases will benefit from TEVAR. A search for high risk clinical and radiographic predictors for complications is ongoing. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify predictors of major adverse events during follow-up in uncomplicated TBAD, in order to identify who might benefit from elective TEVAR. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: 16 studies were included in a qualitative synthesis and 10 in the meta-analysis. Several risk factors associated to major adverse events have been described, including (1) aortic diameter ≥40 mm, (2) greater false lumen diameter (>22mm), (3) patent false lumen, (4) primary entry tear > 10mm, and (5) greater number of false lumen vessels origin. Quantitative synthesis identified an aortic diameter ≥40 mm significantly associated with major adverse events (HR=3.56; p<0.00001). Reporting of false lumen status, aortic diameters and growth, and demographic data was not always congruent with the most recent recommendations by Society for Vascular Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons, published in 2020. CONCLUSIONS: Acute and subacute TBAD patients with an aortic diameter ≥40 mm should be submitted to expedited TEVAR, as this risk factor had the greatest impact on adverse outcomes (HR). Remaining risk factors have weaker evidence. Additional standards of reporting for some risk factors, long-term outcomes and follow-up imaging are needed for better treatment selection

A synthesis of Portuguese studies regarding infertile patients

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio