Cambios en el perfil del beneficiario del subsidio agrario (1984-2001)

El subsidio agrario se diseñó como una prestación de carácter asistencial de la que podían beneficiarse los trabajadores eventuales agrarios residentes en Andalucía y Extremadura cuando se encontrasen en situación de desempleo y estuviesen inscritos en el Régimen Especial Agrario de la Seguridad Social (REASS). La evolución del perfil del beneficiario agrario entre 1984 (año de entrada en vigor del subsidio agrario) y 2001 es el objeto de estudio de este trabajo, en el que se trata de identificar los cambios producidos y de cuantificar en qué sentido. Desde su entrada en vigor en 1984 y hasta 2001, se observa un crecimiento medio del número de beneficiarios del subsidio agrario del 21,42%. En concreto, para el año 2001, la cifra de beneficiarios asciende a 233.500. No obstante, este crecimiento no ha sido homogéneo a lo largo de todo el periodo. Así, atendiendo a algunos de sus rasgos caracterizadores, la evolución de los beneficiarios según regiones muestra un descenso de los extremeños del 18,15% frente a un aumento de los andaluces del 30,6%. Si atendemos al sexo, se pone de manifiesto el importante crecimiento del número de mujeres beneficiarias (557,8%) frente al descenso de los hombres (42,5%), de modo que a partir de 1991 el número de mujeres beneficiarias supera el de los hombres. Asimismo se produce un aumento de la edad media de los beneficiarios, contando la mayor parte de ellos entre los 25 y los 54 años. Por otra parte, a lo largo del periodo analizado, se produce un aumento de los beneficiarios que realizan menos de 7 jornadas al mes, esto es, el número mínimo de jornadas necesarias para acceder al cobro del subsidio agrario. En concreto, es a partir de 1991 cuando se observa un aumento en la edad media de los beneficiarios del subsidio agrario que realizan menos de 7 jornadas. Podemos concluir que entre 1984 y 2001 el perfil del beneficiario tipo cambia y pasa a ser una mujer, con una edad media alta entre 25 y 54 años y que realiza un número de jornadas reducidas, no más de 7 al mes, las suficientes para garantizarse la percepción del subsidio

La escuela economista española

La obra que presentamos contribuye a cubrir el estudio de una parte de la Historia del Pensamiento Económico Españo

Is residential energy consumption a key driver of final energy consumption changes in Andalucia?

The economic expansion period during 2000-2008 was accompanied by an important increase of energy consumption in Andalusia. The desire of decoupling between both of them, has led us to carry out a structural decomposition analysis (SDA) based on the Andalusia input-output tables. Additionally, this decomposition has been supplemented by a Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) analysis of the energy consumption changes during a longer period 2000-2013. Therefore, the novelty of this paper is found in the following aspects: i) the structural decomposition of the final energy consumption changes is applied on the largest disaggregation of sectors made until now for the Andalusian economy (73 productive sectors) during the period 2000-2008; ii) the LMDI analysis provide results for a longer period (2000-2013) and allows us to compare the two decomposition approaches; iii) both decompositions analyse the residential and productive energy consumption changes, iv) the analysis provides a better understanding of the energy sources that are behind the driving forces; and v) based on the above results, some energy policy recommendations are provided

LMDI decomposition analysis of energy efficiency in Andalusia (Spain) during 2003-2011

The aim of this paper is to analyse the changes in final energy consumption in Andalusia through logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) decomposition analysis during the period 2003–2012. The results lead us to conclude that a reduction of final energy (FE) consumption of 1 % took place as a result of a diminishing in structural effect by 11 % and an increase in the activity effect and intensity effect by 7.4 and 3.5 %, respectively. Chain-linked LMDI decomposition shows the existence of two sub-periods, with a turning point in 2008. The first period, coinciding to a great extent with the Andalusian Energy Plan 2003–2006 (PLEAN), showed an increase in final energy consumption, mostly due to the activity effect but also to the intensity effect. The second period, coinciding with the implementation of the Andalusian Sustainable Energy Plan 2007–2013 (PASENER), shows a reduction in the activity, structure and intensity effects. The results allow us to conclude that many of the energy efficiency measures, implemented through the PASENER, are related to sectors that experienced a decline in energy consumption due to the intensity effect, such as transport, primary and service sectors. Additionally, although they were included in PASENER, more policy attention should be given to the energy transformation, residential and industrial sectors which increased the demand for energy due to the intensity effect during this period. Finally, the energy-saving behaviour of economic agents due to the economic downturn should also be considered as an explanation for the diminishing in energy consumption during this sub-period.Junta de Andalucía SEJ 132Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ECO2014-56399-RMinisterio de Educación (Chile) 115002

Analysis of energy end-use efficiency policy in Spain

The implementation of saving measures and energy efficiency entails the need to evaluate achievements in terms of energy saving and spending. This paper aims at analysing the effectiveness and economic efficiency of energy saving measures implemented in the Energy Savings and Efficiency Action Plan (2008-2012) (EAP4 +) in Spain for 2010. The lack of assessment related to energy savings achieved and public spending allocated by the EAP4 + justifies the need of this analysis. The results show that the transport and building sectors seem to be the most important, from the energy efficiency perspective. Although they did not reach the direct energy savings that were expected, there is scope for reduction with the appropriate energy measures. For the effectiveness indicator, the best performance are achieved by public service, agricultural and fisheries and building sectors, while in terms of energy efficiency per monetary unit, the best results are achieved by transport, industry and agriculture sectors. Authors conclude that it is necessary that central, regional and local administrations will get involved, in order to get better estimates of the energy savings achieved and thus to affect the design of future energy efficiency measures at the lowest possible cost to the citizens.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ECO2014-56399-RMinisterio de Educación de Chile Proyecto FONDECYT 1150025Junta de Andalucía proyecto SEJ-132Fundación Roger Torné, Universidad de Sevilla, Cátedra de Economía de la Energía y del Medio Ambient

Does student proactivity guarantee positive academic results?

This paper analyzes the impact of students’ proactivity on academic performance based on a sample from students enrolled in an introductory course of Political Economy at the University of Seville (Spain) in three consecutive courses (2014–2015, 2015–2016 and 2016–2017). Proactivity is measured by several indicators, such as class attendance, case-study oral presentation and its delivery in a foreign language, all of them being non-mandatory activities for students who have participated in the experiment. Specifically, this study aims to assess the impact of a student’s proactivity on two academic outcomes: (i) to pass or fail the exam; and (ii) the score obtained. Impact assessment has been performed using a probit and ordered multinomial logit models. The results show that a student’s proactivity measured by class attendance and case-study presentation significantly increases the probability of passing the exam, while the impact of using a foreign language seems to be non-significant. In relation to the score obtained, the proactivity measured through the case presentation raises the probability of obtaining a higher mark more than regular class attendance.Junta de Andalucía proyecto SEJ-132Universidad Autónoma de ChileUniversidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Análisis Económico y Política Económic

The economic benefits of fulfilling the World Health Organization’s limits for particulates: A case study in Algeciras Bay (Spain)

Algeciras Bay is an important industrial and port zone in the south of Spain whose pollution by particulate matter surpasses the threshold levels recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in its 2005 Guide on Air Quality. This study analyses the mortality avoided and the economic benefit which would be derived from a reduction of the pollution of PM2.5 and PM10 to the levels recommended by the WHO in Algeciras Bay in the period 2005-2015. The analysis carried out shows that the industrial zones, such as Los Barrios and San Roque, are those which have greater levels of pollution and in which the relative risk is greater. The calculations for Algeciras Bay between 2000 and 2015 show 182 deaths which would be avoided if the particulate matter pollution were reduced to the levels recommended by the WHO. Likewise, the economic valuation which this impact has on health is carried out through two concepts: the cost of illness and the Value of Statistical Life (VSL). The result shows that the economic benefit that would come out with the cost of illness valuation is 5,329,110€ and from the VSL is 414,787,113€. Implications: PM2.5 has a greater concentration in industrial localities and is linked to the industrial activity. When the particulate matter pollution is reduced to the levels recommended by the WHO in an industrialised area such as Algeciras (Spain), 182 deaths which would be avoided. The result shows that the economic benefit that would come out with the cost of illness valuation is 5,329,110€ and from the value of statistical life is 414,787,113€

Health and heating in the city of Temuco (Chile). Monetary savings of replacing biomass with PV system in the residential sector

The paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of replacing residential use of wood burning stoves for heating with photovoltaic systems for the generation of electricity using storage batteries (PV + storage systems). The research focuses on the city of Temuco (Southern Chile) as a case study, since this city has a high use of firewood for heating (80% of households) and also because this city has been declared by authorities as an area saturated with suspended particles. The total cost corresponds to the acquisition of systems. The reduction of monetary value of the impact of polluting emissions, resulting from the combustion of firewood, on health and traffic accidents is calculated. The interactive tool GDB Compare has been used to calculate the impact of pollution on health both in terms of attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life years. The monetary value of the impact on health has been calculated using two alternative approaches: the value of statistical life and the human capital approach. To identify firewood use requirements, heating degree–days has been used for temperatures ≤15 °C and ≤18 °C. The emissions avoided calculations have been refined, including emissions associated with the manufacture and transport of systems through the life cycle analysis. For all scenarios, the main results show that the savings outweigh the costs