Pulmonary thromboembolism in a dog with inflammatory bowel disease

A 4-year-old 4-kg male Yorkshire Terrier was brought for a re-evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) diagnosed two years before. The dog presented with a fourweek history of diarrhoea, biliary vomiting, weight loss and ascites. Laboratory analysis revealed hypoproteinemia and a neutrophilic leucocytosis. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination was performed. During the endoscopic procedure, the animal died due to a cardiopulmonary arrest. The necropsy confirmed the presence of a pulmonary thromboembolism. Extraintestinal manifestations of IBD are well reported in humans, but rarely appear in dogs. In Human Medicine, a very common extraintestinal manifestation of IBD is the presence of thromboembolisms. Further studies are needed to evaluate the tromboembolism risk in dogs with IBD.Se describe el caso clínico de un perro macho de raza Yorkshire de 4 años de edad que acude a la consulta para una revisión de su enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) diagnosticada hace 2 años. El animal se presenta con una historia de diarrea, vómitos biliosos, pérdida de peso y ascitis de 4 semanas de duración. Los análisis de sangre mostraron la presencia de hipoproteinemia y leucocitosis. Se lleva a cabo una exploración endoscópica del tracto digestivo superior durante la cual el animal muere. El examen postmortem confirma la presencia de un tromboembolismo pulmonar. Las manifestaciones extraintestinales de la EII se describen con frecuencia en humanos pero no en perros. Entre estas, los tromboembolismos son muy frecuentes en medicina humana. Sería de interés realizar más estudios con el fin de profundizar en el riesgo de la aparición de tromboembolismos en perros con EII

Localización de las neoplasias epiteliales de intestino grueso en el perro: estudio retrospectivo de 24 casos clínicos

El propósito del presente artículo es la realización de un estudio sobre la localización de las neoplasias epiteliales que afectan al intestino grueso del perro. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo en 24 perros diagnosticados de neoplasia epitelial de intestino grueso. Los resultados señalan que la localización más frecuente de las neoplasias epiteliales de intestino grueso del perro es la zona rectal (75% de los casos estudiados). Todos los adenomas se localizaron en recto, no presentándose ninguno en zonas más craneales. En cambio, los carcinomas se distribuyeron casi por igual en recto y en colon descendente.The aim of this paper was to study the localization of epithelial neoplasia affecting the large intestine in dogs. A retrospective study was performed on 24 dogs that had large intestine epithelial neoplasia. The rectal segment of the large intestine was the place where the epithelial neoplasia were more commonly found. According to the results of the current study, 75% of the cases were affecting the rectum. All adenomas were located in the rectum, while none of them were in more cranial segments of the large bowel. In contrast, carcinomas were equally distributed between the rectum and the descendent colon

Therapeutic doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit osteosarcoma MG-63 osteoblast-like celss maturation, viability, and biomineralization potential

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used to reduce pain and inflammation. However, their effect on bone metabolisms is not well known, and results in the literature are contradictory. The present study focusses on the effect of dexketoprofen, ketorolac, metamizole, and acetylsalicylic acid, at therapeutic doses, on different biochemical and phenotypic pathways in human osteoblast-like cells. Osteoblasts (MG-63 cell line) were incubated in culture medium with 1–10  M of dexketoprofen, ketorolac, metamizole, and acetylsalicylic acid. Flow cytometry was used to study antigenic profile and phagocytic activity. The osteoblastic differentiation was evaluated by mineralization and synthesis of collagen fibers by microscopy and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) by spectrophotometric assay. Short-term treatment with therapeutic doses of NSAIDs modulated differentiation, antigenic profile, and phagocyte activity of osteoblast-like cells. The treatment reduced ALP synthesis and matrix mineralization. However, nonsignificant differences were observed on collagen syntheses after treatments. The percentage of CD54 expression was increased with all treatments. CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR showed a decreased expression, which depended on NSAID and the dose applied. The treatments also decreased phagocyte activity in this cellular population. The results of this paper provide evidences that NSAIDs inhibit the osteoblast differentiation process thus reducing their ability to produce new bone mineralized extracellular matrix.This study was supported by the BIO277 research group (Junta de Andalucía), by the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada and by the research group Brighton Studies in Tissue-mimicry and Aided Regeneration (BrightSTAR), School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton

First Oral Vaccination of Eurasian Wild Boar Against African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II

African swine fever (ASF), the most significant threat to the pig industry worldwide, has spread to more than 55 countries on three continents, and it affects more than 77% of the world swine population. In the European Union, wild boar (Sus scrofa) is the most severely affected host. The main reasons for the unprecedented and constant spread of ASF in Europe are the trade activities, the continuous movement of infected-wild boar populations among regions and the lack of vaccine to prevent ASF infection. In this study, we demonstrate that oral immunization of wild boar with a non-hemadsorbing, attenuated ASF virus of genotype II isolated in Latvia in 2017 (Lv17/WB/Rie1) conferred 92% protection against challenge with a virulent ASF virus isolate (Arm07). This is, to our knowledge, the first report of a promising vaccine against ASF virus in wild boar by oral administration. Further studies should assess the safety of repeated administration and overdose, characterize long-term shedding and verify the genetic stability of the vaccine virus to confirm if Lv17/WB/Rie1 could be used for free-ranging wild boar in ASF control programs

Colistin Selection of the Mcr-1 Gene in Broiler Chicken Intestinal Microbiota

Colistin has a long story of safe use in animals for the treatment and prevention of certain bacterial diseases. Nevertheless, the first description of the mcr-1 gene showed that colistin resistance can spread by horizontal gene transfer and changed the landscape. This study aimed to assess the effect of colistin administration on the dispersion of resistance in the microbiota of day-old broiler chicks and how the presence of mcr-1 genes influences the spread of colistin resistance determinants. In this study, 100 one-day-old chicks were divided into four groups of 25 animals (G1, G2, G3, and G4). Animals from G3/G4 were challenged with mcr-1-carrying Salmonella (day 7), while colistin (600 mg/L) was administered daily to G2/G4 animals through drinking water (from day 8 to day 15). Two quantitative PCR assays were performed to compare the amount of Salmonella and mcr-1 that were present in the caecal samples. We observed that levels of mcr-1 were higher in G3/G4 animals, especially G4, due to the spread of mcr-1-carrying Salmonella. On day 21, Salmonella levels decreased in G4, reaching similar values as those for G3, but mcr-1 levels remained significantly higher, suggesting that colistin may accelerate the spreading process when mcr-1-carrying bacteria reach the gut

Oral chondroitin sulfate and prebiotics for the treatment of canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a randomized, controlled clinical trial

BACKGROUND Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic enteropathy of unknown etiology, although microbiome dysbiosis, genetic susceptibility, and dietary and/or environmental factors are hypothesized to be involved in its pathogenesis. Since some of the current therapies are associated with severe side effects, novel therapeutic modalities are needed. A new oral supplement for long-term management of canine IBD containing chondroitin sulfate (CS) and prebiotics (resistant starch, β-glucans and mannaoligosaccharides) was developed to target intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress, and restore normobiosis, without exhibiting any side effects. This double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in dogs with IBD aims to evaluate the effects of 180 days administration of this supplement together with a hydrolyzed diet on clinical signs, intestinal histology, gut microbiota, and serum biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. RESULTS Twenty-seven client-owned biopsy-confirmed IBD dogs were included in the study, switched to the same hydrolyzed diet and classified into one of two groups: supplement and placebo. Initially, there were no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05) for any of the studied parameters. Final data analysis (supplement: n = 9; placebo: n = 10) showed a significant decrease in canine IBD activity index (CIBDAI) score in both groups after treatment (p < 0.001). After treatment, a significant decrease (1.53-fold; p < 0.01) in histologic score was seen only in the supplement group. When groups were compared, the supplement group showed significantly higher serum cholesterol (p < 0.05) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) levels after 60 days of treatment (p < 0.01), and the placebo group showed significantly reduced serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels after 120 days (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups at any time point for CIBDAI, WSAVA histologic score and fecal microbiota evaluated by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). No side effects were reported in any group. CONCLUSIONS The combined administration of the supplement with hydrolyzed diet over 180 days was safe and induced improvements in selected serum biomarkers, possibly suggesting a reduction in disease activity. This study was likely underpowered, therefore larger studies are warranted in order to demonstrate a supplemental effect to dietary treatment of this supplement on intestinal histology and CIBDAI