PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONIC ACID REMOVAL VIA ELECTRON BEAM AT VARIOUS DOSES

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, known as PFOS, is a suspected carcinogen found in global drinking water. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a health advisory at 70 parts per trillion (ppt) of PFOS in drinking water. Michigan issued a state of emergency for Parchment, one of the towns afflicted with an excess of this chemical in their drinking water. Rising concerns and inadequate solutions, led to the belief that electron beam treatment may be a cost effective and efficient way to augment current remediation strategies of PFOS in water and soil. This thesis explores possible and verified processes for treatment and collection of samples for PFOS removal. Our research using electron beam technology, has led to a breakdown of greater than 99% of PFOS levels in sand samples as well as a greater than 48.6% PFOS level breakdown for water samples without laboratory additives. For these tests relatively high doses of radiation, 500 and 2000 kGy, were used and special care was taken to ensure the purity of samples. Preliminary tests and other research papers point to PFOS removal when spiked samples, those created with a known PFOS level contamination, are introduced to electron beam irradiation. This research adds upon previous work and hopes to introduce insight on the topic including single run high dosing, additive testing, and condensation recovery

PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONIC ACID REMOVAL VIA ELECTRON BEAM AT VARIOUS DOSES

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, known as PFOS, is a suspected carcinogen found in global drinking water. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a health advisory at 70 parts per trillion (ppt) of PFOS in drinking water. Michigan issued a state of emergency for Parchment, one of the towns afflicted with an excess of this chemical in their drinking water. Rising concerns and inadequate solutions, led to the belief that electron beam treatment may be a cost effective and efficient way to augment current remediation strategies of PFOS in water and soil. This thesis explores possible and verified processes for treatment and collection of samples for PFOS removal. Our research using electron beam technology, has led to a breakdown of greater than 99% of PFOS levels in sand samples as well as a greater than 48.6% PFOS level breakdown for water samples without laboratory additives. For these tests relatively high doses of radiation, 500 and 2000 kGy, were used and special care was taken to ensure the purity of samples. Preliminary tests and other research papers point to PFOS removal when spiked samples, those created with a known PFOS level contamination, are introduced to electron beam irradiation. This research adds upon previous work and hopes to introduce insight on the topic including single run high dosing, additive testing, and condensation recovery

Penerapan Algoritma Fuzzy Tahani Untuk Rekomendasi Penerima Beasiswa Peningkatan Prestasi Akademik

Relational database systems that exist until now are only able to handle data that is definite (crisp), deterministic and precise. In fact, in real conditions, vague data is often needed for the decision-making process. For decision making involving fuzzy variables based on crisp data in the database, you can use a query on the database system with the concept of fuzzification on the data. In every educational institution, especially universities, there are several types of scholarships given to students. To get a scholarship, students must meet all the requirements that have been set. This study discusses the application of the Fuzzy Tahani algorithm for the recommendation of Academic Achievement Improvement (PPA) scholarship recipients at Bumigora University, Mataram. Data for PPA scholarship recipients was used in 2014 with details of the number of registrants 64 people and recipients (quota) of 15 people. Every year the number of applicants for this scholarship is increasing, while the processing and selection process is still done semi-manually so that the expected results are less than optimal, especially in terms of transparency and distribution. There are several variables that must be calculated by PPA scholarship recipients, namely the value of the Grade Point Average (GPA), Parents' Income, Number of Dependent Parents and Number of Diplomas. From the results of trials conducted in this study, it can be seen that the system's accuracy level reaches a value of 73.3%. This value is obtained by comparing the results of the semi-manual selection of PPA scholarship recipients with the results of the PPA scholarship selection using a system that uses the Fuzzy Tahani Algorithm

Simultaneous least squares deconvolution and kriging using conjugate gradients

Least squares deconvolution is a method used to sharpen tomographic images of the earth by undoing the bandlimiting effects imposed by a seismic wavelet. Kriging is a method used by geoscientists to extrapolate and interpolate sparse data sets. These two methodologies have traditionally been kept separate and viewed as unrelated fields of research. We demonstrate the connection between these methods by deriving them both as examples of linear inversion. By posing the methods in this way we can define a joint inverse problem in which observed values of reflectivity in wells are used to improve deconvolution, and, conversely, seismic data is used to help extrapolate well data. Solving this joint problem involves the solution of large sparse sets of linear equations. Due to the structure of the problem, the conjugate gradients method is ideal to perform the solution. Preliminary results show that convergence to a solution for a 3-D problem is fast and accurate, requiring only a few iterations. This methodology can be of great use to interpreters by sharpening the post stack image as well as helping to tie seismic data to wells

3-D Geostatistical Seismic Inversion With Well Log Constraints

Information about reservoir properties usually comes from two sources: seismic data and well logs. The former provide an indirect, low resolution image of rock velocity and density. The latter provide direct, high resolution (but laterally sparse) sampling of these and other rock parameters. An important problem in reservoir characterization is how best to combine these data sets, allowing the well information to constrain the seismic inversion and, conversely, using the seismic data to spatially interpolate and extrapolate the well logs. We develop a seismic/well log inversion method that combines geostatistical techniques for well log interpolation (i.e., kriging) with a Monte Carlo search method for seismic inversion. We cast our inversion procedure in the form of a Bayesian maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation in which the prior is iteratively modified so that the algorithm converges to the model that maximizes the likelihood function. We follow the approach used by Haas and Dubrule (1994) in their sequential inversion algorithm. Kriging is applied to the well data to obtain velocity estimates and their covariances for use as a priori constraints in the seismic inversion. Inversion of a complete 3-D seismic section is performed one trace at a time. The velocity profiles derived from previous seismic traces are incorporated as "pseudo well logs" in subsequent applications of kriging. Our version of this algorithm employs a more efficient Monte Carlo search method in the seismic inversion, and moves sequentially away from the wells so as to minimize the kriging variance at each step away from the inverted wells. Numerical experiments with synthetic data demonstrate the viability of our seismic/ well data inversion scheme. Inversion is then performed on a real 3-D data set provided by Texaco.Texas CompanyMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Borehole Acoustics and Logging ConsortiumMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Earth Resources Laboratory. Reservoir Delineation Consortiu

Earth Occultation Imaging of the Low Energy Gamma-Ray Sky with GBM

The Earth Occultation Technique (EOT) has been applied to Fermi's Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) to perform all-sky monitoring for a predetermined catalog of hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray sources. In order to search for sources not in the catalog, thus completing the catalog and reducing a source of systematic error in EOT, an imaging method has been developed -- Imaging with a Differential filter using the Earth Occultation Method (IDEOM). IDEOM is a tomographic imaging method that takes advantage of the orbital precession of the Fermi satellite. Using IDEOM, all-sky reconstructions have been generated for ~sim 4 years of GBM data in the 12-50 keV, 50-100 keV and 100-300 keV energy bands in search of sources otherwise unmodeled by the GBM occultation analysis. IDEOM analysis resulted in the detection of 57 sources in the 12-50 keV energy band, 23 sources in the 50-100 keV energy band, and 7 sources in the 100-300 keV energy band. Seventeen sources were not present in the original GBM-EOT catalog and have now been added. We also present the first joined averaged spectra for four persistent sources detected by GBM using EOT and by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on Fermi: NGC 1275, 3C 273, Cen A, and the Crab

Geostatistical Seismic Inversion Using Well Log Constraints

Information about reservoir properties usually comes from two sources: seismic data and well logs. The former provide an indirect, low resolution image of rock velocity and density. The latter provide direct, high resolution (but laterally sparse) sampling of these and other rock parameters. An important problem in reservoir characterization is how best to combine these data sets, allowing the well information to constrain the seismic inversion and, conversely, using the seismic data to spatially interpolate and extrapolate the well logs. We have developed a seismic/well log inversion method that combines geostatistical methods for well log interpolation (i.e., kriging) with a Monte Carlo search technique for seismic inversion. Our method follows the approach used by Haas and Dubrule (1994) in their sequential inversion algorithm. Kriging is applied to the well data to obtain velocity estimates and their variances for use as a priori constraints in the seismic inversion. Further, inversion of a complete 2-D seismic section is performed one trace at a time. The velocity profiles derived from previous seismic traces are incorporated as "pseudo well logs" in subsequent applications of kriging. Our version of this algorithm employs a more efficient Monte Carlo search algorithm in the seismic inversion step, and moves progressively away from the wells so as to minimize the kriging variance at each step. Numerical experiments with synthetic data demonstrate the viability of our seismic/well data inversion scheme.Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Borehole Acoustics and Logging ConsortiumMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Earth Resources Laboratory. Reservoir Delineation Consortiu

Sensitivity Analysis Of Amplitude Variation With Offset (Avo) In Fractured Media

The variation in seismic P to P reflection amplitude with offset (AVO) caused by a system of fractures embedded in an isotropic background is investigated. Additionally. a sensitivity analysis of AVO parameters with respect to the fracture system parameters is made. The fracture system is assumed to be aligned vertically or horizontally and can be gas filled or fluid filled. Elastic constants are calculated by using formulations of Schoenberg (1988). From the elastic constants, the reflection amplitude as a function of angle is calculated using equations from Ruger (1997). Theoretical results for a single interface between fractured and unfractured media, both with and without lithology change, show opportunities for extraction of crack density information from seismic P-wave data collected in fractured geothermal or hydrocarbon reservoirs. For vertically oriented fractures, wide angle data (> 30°) is crucial for the estimation of fracture parameters.Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Borehole Acoustics and Logging ConsortiumMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Earth Resources Laboratory. Reservoir Delineation Consortiu

PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONIC ACID REMOVAL VIA ELECTRON BEAM AT VARIOUS DOSES

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, known as PFOS, is a suspected carcinogen found in global drinking water. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a health advisory at 70 parts per trillion (ppt) of PFOS in drinking water. Michigan issued a state of emergency for Parchment, one of the towns afflicted with an excess of this chemical in their drinking water. Rising concerns and inadequate solutions, led to the belief that electron beam treatment may be a cost effective and efficient way to augment current remediation strategies of PFOS in water and soil. This thesis explores possible and verified processes for treatment and collection of samples for PFOS removal. Our research using electron beam technology, has led to a breakdown of greater than 99% of PFOS levels in sand samples as well as a greater than 48.6% PFOS level breakdown for water samples without laboratory additives. For these tests relatively high doses of radiation, 500 and 2000 kGy, were used and special care was taken to ensure the purity of samples. Preliminary tests and other research papers point to PFOS removal when spiked samples, those created with a known PFOS level contamination, are introduced to electron beam irradiation. This research adds upon previous work and hopes to introduce insight on the topic including single run high dosing, additive testing, and condensation recovery

Relevancia de las narraciones transmedia en la ampliación de la agenda del arte contemporáneo en tiempos de pandemia. Experiencias gráficas de edición latinoamericanas y la construcción de un imaginario en tiempo presente.

La presente indagación pretende estimar sobre la emergencia, la construcción y la circulación de contenidos en la red, en la trayectoria desplegada durante el año 2020, de un colectivo dedicado al estudio y la divulgación de Arte Gráfico de edición Multiejemplar (AGeM). Menos tóxico Latinoamérica es un colectivo cuya narrativa transmedia emerge de condiciones que gravitan en torno a tres factores coyunturales ineludibles: 1°) la situación de distanciamiento social propuesta a nivel internacional como principal pauta de comportamiento de las personas frente a una situación sanitaria de gravedad no prevista, 2) la disponibilidad de dispositivos y una red de comunicación remota para establecer, (re) establecer y magnificar las narrativas –ahora transmedia- que facilitan el vínculo entre los sujetos y los contextos –los que fuere-; y un tercer factor específico, 3) la declarada necesidad, por parte de una comunidad con intereses singulares, de organizarse en torno a la afición que en ella despierta una práctica artística, disciplinar y aparentemente fuera de época, “situada por fuera” de lo que en el campo del arte se establece como prácticas del arte contemporáneo. El propósito del presente texto será observar para estimar sobre el poder no previsto de nuevos enunciadores y la consecuente creación de sentidos, por parte de proyectos artísticos que encuentran su potencia en la configuración de narrativas transmedia como recursos disponibles desde las nuevas formas de vincular ideas y acciones, para inscribirse en la cultura del S XXI a partir de la red 2.0