Splitting of the Zero-Energy Landau Level and Universal Dissipative Conductivity at Critical Points in Disordered Graphene

We report on robust features of the longitudinal conductivity ($\sigma_{xx}$) of the graphene zero-energy Landau level in presence of disorder and varying magnetic fields. By mixing an Anderson disorder potential with a low density of sublattice impurities, the transition from metallic to insulating states is theoretically explored as a function of Landau-level splitting, using highly efficient real-space methods to compute the Kubo conductivities (both $\sigma_{xx}$ and Hall $\sigma_{xy}$). As long as valley-degeneracy is maintained, the obtained critical conductivity $\sigma_{xx}\simeq 1.4 e^{2}/h$ is robust upon disorder increase (by almost one order of magnitude) and magnetic fields ranging from about 2 to 200 Tesla. When the sublattice symmetry is broken, $\sigma_{xx}$ eventually vanishes at the Dirac point owing to localization effects, whereas the critical conductivities of pseudospin-split states (dictating the width of a $\sigma_{xy}=0$ plateau) change to $\sigma_{xx}\simeq e^{2}/h$, regardless of the splitting strength, superimposed disorder, or magnetic strength. These findings point towards the non dissipative nature of the quantum Hall effect in disordered graphene in presence of Landau level splitting

Efficient Linear Scaling Approach for Computing the Kubo Hall Conductivity

We report an order-N approach to compute the Kubo Hall conductivity for disorderd two-dimensional systems reaching tens of millions of orbitals, and realistic values of the applied external magnetic fields (as low as a few Tesla). A time-evolution scheme is employed to evaluate the Hall conductivity $\sigma_{xy}$ using a wavepacket propagation method and a continued fraction expansion for the computation of diagonal and off-diagonal matrix elements of the Green functions. The validity of the method is demonstrated by comparison of results with brute-force diagonalization of the Kubo formula, using (disordered) graphene as system of study. This approach to mesoscopic system sizes is opening an unprecedented perspective for so-called reverse engineering in which the available experimental transport data are used to get a deeper understanding of the microscopic structure of the samples. Besides, this will not only allow addressing subtle issues in terms of resistance standardization of large scale materials (such as wafer scale polycrystalline graphene), but will also enable the discovery of new quantum transport phenomena in complex two-dimensional materials, out of reach with classical methods.Comment: submitted PRB pape

Unconventional Features in the Quantum Hall Regime of Disordered Graphene: Percolating Impurity States and Hall Conductance Quantization

We report on the formation of critical states in disordered graphene, at the origin of variable and unconventional transport properties in the quantum Hall regime, such as a zero-energy Hall conductance plateau in the absence of an energy bandgap and Landau level degeneracy breaking. By using efficient real-space transport methodologies, we compute both the dissipative and Hall conductivities of large size graphene sheets with random distribution of model single and double vacancies. By analyzing the scaling of transport coefficients with defect density, system size and magnetic length, we elucidate the origin of anomalous quantum Hall features as magnetic-field dependent impurity states, which percolate at some critical energies. These findings shed light on unidentified states and quantum transport anomalies reported experimentally.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures. Accepted in PR

Fostering cross-campus entrepreneurship – Building technology transfer within UCD to create a start-up environment

In this chapter we discuss the emergence of commercialization activity, and specifically the TTO and ILO functions, in University College Dublin (UCD). This case emphasizes (1) how a public university has sought to encourage commercialization activity and the organizational structures developed to support commercialization; (2) how, over a period of twenty years, the TTO and ILO functions and commercialization activity evolved in the absence of what might be considered many of the university attributes, such as high levels of funded research, typically associated with high levels of commercialization; (3) how policies aimed at encouraging the commercialization of university research were embedded within a broader industrial development strategy associated with both attracting inward FDI (foreign direct investment) and developing indigenous entrepreneurial activity in emerging sectors; and (4) how a new president in a traditional public university has sought to emphasize the contribution the university makes to economic development as a means for engaging in a significant restructuring of the university and the adoption of policies that seek to maximize research activity, in particular in emerging sectors such as biotechnology and ICT, to develop external linkages with industry, and to promote commercialization

Polaron Transport in Organic Crystals: Temperature Tuning of Disorder Effects

We explore polaronic quantum transport in three-dimensional models of disordered organic crystals with strong coupling between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. By studying the polaron dynamics in a static disorder environment, temperature dependent mobilities are extracted and found to exhibit different fingerprints depending on the strength of the disorder potential. At low temperatures and for strong enough disorder, coherence effects induce weak localization of polarons. These effects are reduced with increasing temperature (thermal disorder) resulting in mobility increase. However at a transition temperature, phonon-assisted contributions driven by polaron-phonon scattering prevail, provoking a downturn of the mobility. The results provide an alternative scenario to discuss controversial experimental features in molecular crystals

Heavy Construction Systems Specialists, Inc. (HCSS)

Heavy Construction Systems Specialists, Inc. [HCSS] designs and sells hi-tech software to the heavy/highway construction industry. The case describes a unique corporate culture that has made HCSS a business success in a highly competitive industry. The company’s employees discuss in detail why they bought into the concept of employee ownership while Mike Rydin, the firm’s CEO, explains the advantages but also the limits of this very successful business model

Magnetoresistance in Disordered Graphene: The Role of Pseudospin and Dimensionality Effects Unraveled

We report a theoretical low-field magnetotransport study unveiling the effect of pseudospin in realistic models of weakly disordered graphene-based materials. Using an efficient Kubo computational method, and simulating the effect of charges trapped in the oxide, different magnetoconductance fingerprints are numerically obtained in system sizes as large as 0.3 micronmeter squared, containing tens of millions of carbon atoms. In two-dimensional graphene, a strong valley mixing is found to irreparably yield a positive magnetoconductance (weak localization), whereas crossovers from positive to a negative magnetoconductance (weak antilocalization) are obtained by reducing disorder strength down to the ballistic limit. In sharp contrast, graphene nanoribbons with lateral size as large as 10nm show no sign of weak antilocalization, even for very small disorder strength. Our results rationalize the emergence of a complex phase diagram of magnetoconductance fingerprints, shedding some new light on the microscopical origin of pseudospin effects.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Graduate Internship Report AGED 539

This internship and project report includes documentation required in meeting the quality criteria for secondary-level programs of instruction in agriculture. The documents are concurrently used for the Agriculture Incentive Grant review process at Corcoran High School conducted by representatives of the California Department of Education. The supporting material includes information to receive state and local funding, outline the goals and objectives of the program, along with an overview of Corcoran High School, the agriculture program and the community